Toxic*

Insecticides efficient against the target species while conserving natural enemies in the agroecosystem are required for IPM. With the imminent discontinuation of fipronil, a broad-spectrum insecticide, ethiprole, which belongs to the same group as phenylpyrazole (2B), and isocycloseram, a novel isoxazoline insecticide with distinct mode of action (30), provide options for controlling boll weevil. The susceptibility of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boh.), and two natural enemies [Eriopis connexa (Germar) and Bracon vulgaris Ashmead] to these insecticides were studied...

Cognition is a powerful adaptation, enabling animals to utilise resources that are unavailable without manipulation. Tool use and food processing are examples of using cognition to overcome the protective mechanisms of food resources. Here, we describe and examine the flexibility of proto-tool use (defined as the alteration of an object through object-substrate manipulation) for food processing in a cooperatively breeding bird, the Arabian babbler (Argya squamiceps). Field observations demonstrate that the birds transport different caterpillar species to different substrate types depending on the processing method needed to prepare the caterpillar for eating...

In this study, four different plant species, namely Artocarpus heterophyllus, Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, and Swietenia mahagoni, were selected from seven different locations to assess the feasibility of using them as a cost-effective alternative for biomonitoring air quality. Atmospheric coarse particulate matter (PM10 ), soil samples, and leaf samples were collected from residential, industrial, and traffic-congested sites located in the greater Dhaka region. The heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the leaves of the different species, PM10 , and soil samples were analyzed...

In multiple sclerosis (MS), persisting disability can occur independent of relapse activity or development of new central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesions, termed chronic progression. This process occurs early and it is mostly driven by cells within the CNS. One promising strategy to control progression of MS is the inhibition of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is centrally involved in the activation of both B cells and myeloid cells, such as macrophages and microglia. The benefit of BTK inhibition by evobrutinib was shown as we observed reduced pro-inflammatory activation of microglia when treating chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or following the adoptive transfer of activated T cells...

The search for bacteria-labeling agents that are more efficient and less toxic compared to existing staining dyes is ongoing. Fluorescent quantum dots and carbon dots (CDs) have been extensively researched for various bioimaging applications. Priority is given to CDs due to several advantages, including lower toxicity, versatility in tuning their properties, and better photostability compared to metal-based quantum dots. Although significant progress is still needed to replace existing dyes with CDs for bacteria labeling, they offer promising potential for further improvement in efficiency...

BACKGROUND: Single session stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or surgical resection alone for brain metastases larger than 2 cm results in unsatisfactory local control. We conducted a phase I trial for brain metastases(>2cm) to determine the safety of preoperative SRS at escalating doses. METHODS: Radiosurgery dose was escalated at 3 Gy increments for 3 cohorts based on maximum tumor dimension starting at: 18 Gy for >2-3 cm, 15 Gy for >3-4 cm, and 12 Gy for >4-6 cm...

Heavy metals are found naturally; however, anthropogenic activities such as mining, inappropriate disposal of industrial waste, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers containing heavy metals can cause their unwanted release into the environment. Conventionally, detection of heavy metals is performed using atomic absorption spectrometry, electrochemical methods and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; however, they involve expensive and sophisticated instruments and multistep sample preparation that require expertise for accurate results...

Some studies suggested that gastrointestinal (GIT) decontamination with oil may improve the prognosis of patients who ingested aluminum phosphide (AlP). The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of gastric lavage with oil-based solutions to any method of gastric decontamination not using oils in patients presenting with acute AlP poisoning. The literature was searched for English-published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to 16 September 2023. The searched electronic databases included MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Scopus, and Google Scholar...

Exploration of the hydroethanolic extracts from the halophyte Limonium densiflorum , led to the isolation of seven phenolic compounds: gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), quercitrin, a mixture of myricetin 3- O -α-rhamnopyranoside + myricetin 3- O -L-arabinofuranoside, dihydrokaempferol, pinoresinol, and trans -N-ferulolyl tyramine. These compounds were assessed for anticancer, anti-influenza A virus, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The results indicated that these compounds do not exhibit toxicity towards healthy cells (WS-1 and MDCK)...

When chemical pollutants enter the environment, they can undergo diverse transformation processes, forming a wide range of transformation products (TPs), some of them benign and others more harmful than their precursors. To date, the majority of TPs remain largely unrecognized and unregulated, particularly as TPs are generally not part of routine chemical risk or hazard assessment. Since many TPs formed from oxidative processes are more polar than their precursors, they may be especially relevant in the context of persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances, which are two new hazard classes that have recently been established on a European level...

Standard dosing could fail to achieve adequate systemic concentrations in ICU children or may lead to toxicity in children with acute kidney injury. The population pharmacokinetic analysis was used to simultaneously analyze all available data (plasma, prefilter, postfilter, effluent, and urine concentrations) and provide the pharmacokinetic characteristics of meropenem. The probability of target fT > MIC attainment, avoiding toxic levels, during the entire dosing interval was estimated by simulation of different intermittent and continuous infusions in the studied population...

BACKGROUND: Policymakers have become increasingly concerned regarding the widespread exposure and toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). While concerns exist about unequal distribution of PFAS contamination in drinking water, research is lacking. OBJECTIVES: We assess the scope of PFAS contamination in drinking water in New Jersey (NJ), the first US state to develop regulatory levels for PFAS in drinking water. We test for inequities in PFAS concentrations by community sociodemographic characteristics...

In recent decades, heavy metal ions have emerged as a significant global environmental concern, posing threats to the delicate balance of ecosystems worldwide. Their introduction into ecosystems occurs through various activities and poses a serious risk to human health. Among heavy metal ions, Cd2+ is recognized as a highly toxic pollutant. Its widespread use contributes to its accumulation in the environment. Chronic exposure to Cd2+ ions present serious risks to both the environment and human health. Therefore, the detection of these metal ions are very important...

Introduction: [177 Lu]Lutetium (Lu)-oxodotreotide is a radiopharmaceutical drug used as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for somatostatin receptor-expressing neuroendocrine neoplasms. It provides an additional effective alternative treatment for these rare cancers. Although well tolerated, its safety profile must continue to be characterized to support its use as a first-line treatment or for additional cycles. This study aims to evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of [177 Lu]Lu-oxodotreotide induced short-term toxicity...

Botanicals contain complex mixtures of chemicals most of which lack pharmacokinetic data in humans. Since physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties dictate the in vivo exposure of botanical constituents, these parameters greatly impact the pharmacological and toxicological effects of botanicals in consumer products. This study sought to use computational (i.e., in silico) models, including quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, to predict properties of botanical constituents...

Febrile conditions often have an infectious etiology. However, there are also fevers associated with occupational exposures. A detailed occupational history can hold the key to the diagnosis. In the case of exposure to organic dusts, the development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is possible. Thus, HP should be considered in the presence of interstitial lung disease of unclear etiology. Failure to recognize this can have dramatic consequences and, in extreme cases, lead to lung transplantation. Differentially, organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) must be considered...

Baccharoides anthelmintica (L.) Moench is a popular medicinal plant with a long history of use in several traditional remedies to cure a variety of diseases including; its effect on the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, metabolism, kidneys, gynecology, skin diseases, and general health. The present review aims to provide the latest, organized information on toxicological, pharmacological, phytochemical, and ethnomedicinal applications of Baccharoides anthelmintica. Several well-known searchable websites like; Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus-Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer, and DOAJ, were used to empirically investigate the knowledge of this useful medicinal plant...

Despite a significant amount of research on micronanoplastics (MNPs), there is still a gap in our understanding of their function as transporters of other environmental pollutants (known as the Trojan horse effect) and the combined effects of ingestion, bioaccumulation, and toxicity to organisms. This study examined the individual effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) with various surface functionalizations (plain (PS), carboxylated (PS-COOH), and aminated (PS-NH2 )), particle sizes (100 nm and 500 nm), and a pharmaceutical co-contaminant (metformin hydrochloride (MH), an anti-diabetic drug) on the marine crustacean - Artemia salina ...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.