Carbon monoxide

INTRODUCTION: Pirfenidone was the first anti-fibrotic drug approved in Europe in 2011 for the treatment of mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical course of mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in pirfenidone-treated patients in a real-world setting. METHODS: The non-interventional study was conducted at 18 sites in Germany from 6/2014-12/2016. Adult patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were treated with pirfenidone (escalated from 3×1 to 3×3 capsules of 267 mg/day within 3 weeks) for 12 months...

Carbon monoxide (CO), a gaseous signaling molecule, has shown promise in preventing body weight gain and metabolic dysfunction induced by high fat diet (HFD), but the mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown. An essential component in response to HFD is the gut microbiome, which is significantly altered during obesity and represents a target for developing new therapeutic interventions to fight metabolic diseases. Here, we show that CO delivered to the gut by oral administration with a CO-releasing molecule (CORM-401) accumulates in faeces and enriches a variety of microbial species that were perturbed by a HFD regimen...

Metal-free boron-based catalysts such as boron oxide (B2O3) and boron nitride (h-BN) are promising catalysts for the methane oxidation to HCHO and CO. The B2O3 catalyst contains various probable boron sites (B1 to B6), which may be responsible for methane oxidation. In this work, we utilized density functional theory to compare two relevant geometrically identical boron sites (B2 and B4) for their reactivities. The two sites are explored in-detail for the conversion of methane to formaldehyde (M2F), carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide...

INTRODUCTION: Systematic evaluation of long-term outcomes in survivors of H1N1 is still lacking. This study aimed to characterize long-term outcomes of severe H1N1-induced pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHOD: This was a single-center, prospective, cohort study. Survivors were followed up for four times after discharge from intensive care unit (ICU) by lung high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function assessment, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and SF-36 instrument...

The hydroxyl radical (OH), as the central atmospheric oxidant, controls the removal rates of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. It is being suggested that OH levels would decrease with reductions of nitrogen oxides and ozone levels by climate polices, but this remains unsettled. Here, we show that driven by the carbon neutrality pledge, the global-mean OH concentration, derived from multiple chemistry-climate model simulations, is projected to be significantly increasing with a trend of 0.071‒0.16% per year during 2015-2100...

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide reduction reaction (CO(2)RR) has emerged as a prospective and appealing strategy to realize carbon neutrality for manufacturing sustainable chemical products. Developing highly active electrocatalysts and stable devices has been demonstrated as effective approach to enhancing the conversion efficiency of CO(2)RR. In order to rationally design electrocatalysts and devices, a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic structure evolution within catalysts and micro-environment change around electrode interface, particularly under operation conditions, is indispensable...

PURPOSE: The most prevalent method of carbon monoxide (CO) suicide is inhalation of vehicle exhaust (VE). However, a new method of CO suicide has recently emerged involving charcoal burning (CB) in a confined space to produce fatal CO levels. This method has been reported from countries in Asia, associated with economic instability and media reporting of high-profile celebrity cases. The current study was undertaken to analyze rates and characteristics of CB suicides in South Australia (SA) for comparison with respect to their characteristics and scene, autopsy and toxicology findings...

OBJECTIVES: Evaluating the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) is crucial for patients with lung cancer and interstitial lung disease. However, the clinical significance of assessing exercise oxygen desaturation (EOD) remains unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 186 consecutive patients with interstitial lung disease who underwent lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer. EOD was assessed using two-flight test (TFT), with TFT positivity defined as ≥ 5% SpO2 reduction...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors 12 months after hospital discharge and to evaluate a possible effect of the severity of the disease within this context. DESIGN: Observational, prospective study. SETTING: Single-center study. PATIENTS: Two hundred sixty patients admitted to the ICU due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. INTERVENTIONS: None...

OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors for developing delayed neurological syndrome (DNS) after an initial episode of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the interest of detecting patients most likely to develop DNS so that they can be followed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of cases of CO poisoning treated in the past 10 years in the emergency departments of 4 hospitals in the AMICO study (Spanish acronym for the multicenter analysis of CO poisoning). We analyzed demographic characteristics of the patients and the clinical characteristics of the initial episode...

A palladium-catalyzed iodine-assisted carbonylation reaction of indoles with readily available ClCF2 CO2 Na and alcohols has been developed. This protocol provides a practical and efficient approach to highly regioselective indole-3-carboxylates via a preiodination strategy of indoles. Different from classic carbonylation using toxic and difficult-to-handle carbon monoxide, this operationally simple and scalable reaction employed difluorocarbene as the carbonyl surrogate.

INTRODUCTION: Endurance exercise at altitude can increase cardiac output and pulmonary vascular pressure to levels that may exceed the stress-tolerability of the alveolar-capillary unit. This study examined the effect of ultra-marathon trail racing at different altitudes (ranging from <1000 m to between 1500 - 2700 m) on alveolar-capillary recruitment and lung diffusion. METHODS: Cardiac and lung function were examined before and after an ultra-marathon in 67 runners (age:41 ± 9y, BMI:23 ± 2 kg/m2, 10 females), and following 12-24 h of recovery in a subset (n = 27)...

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has suggested significant associations between ambient air pollution and changes in hemoglobin levels or anemia in specific vulnerable groups, but few studies have assessed this relationship in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and hemoglobin concentrations or anemia in general adults in South Korea. METHODS: A total of 69,830 Korean adults from a large-scale nationwide survey were selected for our final analysis...

BACKGROUND: Despite the growing evidence pointing to the detrimental effects of air pollution on diabetes mellitus (DM), the relationship remains poorly explored, especially in desert-adjacent areas characterized by high aridity and pollution. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with health examination data from over 2.9 million adults in two regions situated in the southern part of the Taklamakan Desert, China. We assessed three-year average concentrations (2018-2020) of particulate matter (PM1, PM2...

Gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), are a class of gaseous, endogenous signaling molecules that interact with one another in the regulation of critical cardiovascular, immune, and neurological processes. The development of analytical sensing mechanisms for gasotransmitters, especially multianalyte mechanisms, holds vast importance and constitutes a growing area of study. This review provides an overview of electrochemical sensing mechanisms with an emphasis on opportunities in multianalyte sensing...

Crop growth and yield are affected by salinity, which causes oxidative damage to plant cells. Plants respond to salinity by maintaining cellular osmotic balance, regulating ion transport, and enhancing the expression of stress-responsive genes, thereby inducing tolerance. As a byproduct of heme oxygenase (HO)-mediated degradation of heme, carbon monoxide (CO) regulates plant responses to salinity. This study investigated a CO-mediated salt stress tolerance mechanism in sorghum seedlings during germination. Sorghum seeds were germinated in the presence of 250 mM NaCl only, or in combination with a CO donor (1 and 1...

A significant threat to the ongoing rise in temperature caused by global warming. Plants have many stress-resistance mechanisms, which is responsible for maintaining plant homeostasis. Abiotic stresses largely increase gaseous molecules' synthesis in plants. The study of gaseous signaling molecules has gained attention in recent years. The role of gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4 ), and ethylene, in plants under temperature high-temperature stress are discussed in the current review...

Background : Dyspnea is a common persistent symptom after acute coronavirus disease 2019 illness (COVID-19). One potential explanation for post-COVID-19 dyspnea is a reduction in diffusion capacity. This longitudinal study investigated diffusion capacity and its relationship with dyspnea on exertion in individuals previously hospitalized with COVID-19. Methods : Eligible participants had been hospitalized for the treatment of acute COVID-19 and were assessed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after discharge...

Composting is a process that emits environmentally harmful gases: CO2 , CO, H2 S, and NH3 , negatively affecting the quality of mature compost. The addition of biochar to the compost can significantly reduce emissions. For effective CO2 removal, high doses of biochar (up to 20%) are often recommended. Nevertheless, as the production efficiency of biochar is low-up to 90% mass loss-there is a need for research into the effectiveness of lower doses. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to observe the gaseous emissions during the first 10 days of composting with biochars obtained from mature composts...

INTRODUCTION: In Nigeria, because of increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, and auto-mobilization, petrol is the most everyday non-edible commodity, and it is the leading petroleum product traded at the proliferating Nigeria's petrol stations (NPSs). However, because of inadequate occupational health and safety (OHS) regulatory measures, working at NPSs exposes petrol station workers (PSWs) to a large amount of hazardous benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds...