Vasoactive

BACKGROUND: Prolonged preoperative fasting may worsen postoperative outcomes. Cardiac surgery has higher perioperative risk, and longer fasting periods may be not well-tolerated. We analysed the postoperative metabolic and hemodynamic variables in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) according to their morning or afternoon schedule. METHODS: Single-centre retrospective study at University teaching hospital (1-year data collection from electronic medical records)...

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics, virus serotype, and outcome in cases of mild and severe enteroviral infection at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cases hospitalized between June and August 2019. Samples (stool or throat swabs) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Positive cases were divided into two groups: mild infection and severe infection. RESULTS: A total of 149 cases were assigned to one of two groups: mild infection (n = 104) and severe infection (n = 45)...

Walker-256 tumor is an experimental model known to promote cachexia syndrome, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. This study evaluated the duodenal mucosa of rats with Walker-256 tumor administered with 1% L-glutathione, intending to evaluate the damage caused by cancer-associated cachexia in the gastrointestinal tract and the effects of antioxidant administration on mucosal protection. Twenty-four 55-day-old male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C); control administered with 1% L-glutathione (C-GSH); Walker-256 tumor (W) and Walker-256 tumor administered with 1% L-glutathione (W-GSH)...

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury is a common postoperative complication of paediatric cardiac surgery associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to characterise associations between haemodynamic parameters, clinical parameters, and medical interventions, on acute kidney injury. METHODS: Nine patients with univentricular physiology undergoing the Norwood procedure from a single-centre tertiary care paediatric cardiac ICU were included (September 2022 to March 2023)...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the blood flow parameters of the cavernous arteries of ED patients after injection of vasoactive drugs, and to explore the differences in blood flow of the cavernous arteries in different erectile states. METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed the penile cavernous arterial blood flow parameters of 2568 adult male ED patients after injection of the vasoactive drug (alprostadil). The patients were divided into three groups: maintaining erection group with EHS (erection hardness score) ≥ 3 and sustained erection time ≥ 20 minutes (967 cases), nonpersistent erection group with EHS≥3 and sustained erection time<5 minutes (788 cases), and incomplete erection group with EHS<3 (813 cases)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Growing studies show that gut microbiota is closely associated with depression. Acupuncture treatment could regulate the gut microbiota of many diseases. Here, we aim to observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on gut microbiota in rats that showed depressive-like behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into normal group, chronic unpredictable mild stress model (CUMS) group, CUMS + electroacupuncture (EA) group, and CUMS + sham-electroacupuncture (Sham) group...

Adaptive platform trials (APTs) offer a promising alternative to traditional randomised controlled trials for evaluating treatments for paediatric sepsis. Randomised controlled trials, despite being the gold standard for establishing causality between interventions and outcomes, make many assumptions about disease prevalence, severity and intervention effects, which are often incorrect. As a result, the evidence for most treatments for paediatric sepsis are based on low-quality evidence. APTs use accrued data rather than assumptions to power trial adaptations...

Some in vitro and in vivo evidence is consistent with the cardiovascular beneficial activity of propolis. As the single actors responsible for this effect have never been identified, an in-depth investigation of flavonoids isolated from the green propolis of the Caatinga Mimosa tenuiflora was performed and their mechanism of action was described. A comprehensive electrophysiology, functional, and molecular docking approach was applied. Most flavanones and flavones were effective CaV 1.2 channel blockers with a potency order of (2S)-sakuranetin > eriodictyol-7,3'-methyl ether > quercetin 3-methyl ether > 5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone > santin > axillarin > penduletin > kumatakenin, ermanin and viscosine being weak or modest stimulators...

Cortical dynamics and computations are strongly influenced by diverse GABAergic interneurons, including those expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Together with excitatory (E) neurons, they form a canonical microcircuit and exhibit counterintuitive nonlinear phenomena. One instance of such phenomena is response reversal, whereby SST neurons show opposite responses to top-down modulation via VIP depending on the presence of bottom-up sensory input, indicating that the network may function in different regimes under different stimulation conditions...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate management changes and outcomes in critically ill children after formal echocardiography. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2020. SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Patients from 1 to 18 years who had formal echocardiography within 72 hours of ICU admission and who were intubated and on vasoactive infusions at the time of the study...

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia is required for endoscopic removal of esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) in children. Historically, endotracheal intubation has been the de facto gold standard for airway management in these cases. However, as more elective endoscopic procedures are now performed under propofol sedation with natural airway, there has been a move toward using similar Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) for select patients who require endoscopic removal of an EFB. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we compared endoscopic EFB removal with either MAC or endotracheal intubation...

INTRODUCTION: The most severe form of hemodynamic instability is vasoplegic syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report presents a case of vasoplegic syndrome in a patient with a twin pregnancy during cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS: In this case, we managed vasoplegia by maintaining high flows of the cardiopulmonary bypass, reducing the use of volatile anesthetics, administering vasoactive drugs, and optimizing hemoglobin levels above normal thresholds...

Animals need sleep, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the center of the circadian rhythm, plays an important role in determining the timing of sleep. The main input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus is the retinohypothalamic tract, with additional inputs from the intergeniculate leaflet pathway, the serotonergic afferent from the raphe, and other hypothalamic regions. Within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, two of the major subtypes are vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-positive neurons and arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-positive neurons...

BACKGROUND: The current study reported a case with a history of neuroradiculitis. Within 2 months of the COVID-19 vaccine, critical Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) appeared after acute diarrhea, progressive myasthenia, and sudden respiratory and cardiac symptoms. METHODS: The syndrome was addressed with measures, such as endotracheal intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation vasoactive drugs. Next, we conducted six cycles of human immunoglobulin treatment (dose of 400 mg/kg·d intravenously for 5 days consecutively) and three times plasma exchange (PE, 30 ml/kg), followed by methylprednisolone sodium succinate...

Background: Associations of early changes in vasoactive support with cardiogenic shock (CS) mortality remain incompletely defined. Methods: The Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network is a multicenter registry of cardiac intensive care units (CICUs). Patients admitted with CS (2018-2023) had vasoactive dosing assessed at 4 and 24 hours (h) from CICU admission and quantified by the vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS). Prognostic associations of VIS at both timepoints, as well as change in VIS from 4h to 24h, were examined...

Inflammation, reduced gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) function and altered neuroplasticity are co-occurring pathophysiologies in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the link between these biological changes remains unclear. We hypothesized that inflammation induces deficits in GABAergic interneuron markers and that this effect is mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We report here that systemic inflammation induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.125, 0...

The coronary vascular system has a unique structure and function that is adaptive to myocardial demand. It is composed of a continuous network of vessels receding in size from epicardial arteries to the microvascular circulation. Failure to meet myocardial demand results in ischemia, angina, and adverse myocardial outcomes. It is evident that 50 % of patients with angina have a non-obstructive coronary disease and 66 % of these patients have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). The impact of CMD on the atria and ventricles is exhibited through its association with atrial fibrillation and distortion of ventricular repolarization...

OBJECTIVES: Haemodynamic changes following intravenous acetaminophen are well studied in adults. Limited data are published in critically ill paediatric patients, especially from the Middle East. We aim to investigate haemodynamic effects and incidence of hypotension with intravenous acetaminophen in critically ill children, with a focus on understanding factors influencing these effects. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients who received intravenous acetaminophen between July and December 2022...

The complement cascade comprises a variety of soluble and cell surface proteins and is an important component of the innate immune system. When the cascade is triggered by any of the three activation pathways, the complement system rapidly produces large amounts of protein fragments that are potent mediators of inflammatory, vasoactive, and metabolic responses. All activation pathways lead to the terminal complement cascade with the formation of the membrane attack complex, which lyses cells by forming membrane pores...

BACKGROUND: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are rare tumors, often diagnosed in an advanced stage when curative treatment is impossible and grueling symptoms related to vasoactive substance release by tumor cells affect patients' quality of life. Cardiovascular complications of GEP-NENs, primarily tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease, and right-sided heart failure, are the leading cause of death, even compared to metastatic disease. CASE SUMMARY: We present a case of a 35-year-old patient with progressive dyspnea, back pain, polyneuropathic leg pain, and nocturnal diarrhea lasting for a decade before the diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of unknown primary with extensive liver metastases...