keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534433/the-cardiometabolic-impact-of-rebaudioside-a-exposure-during-the-reproductive-stage
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabella Bracchi, Juliana Morais, João Almeida Coelho, Ana Filipa Ferreira, Inês Alves, Cláudia Mendes, Beatriz Correia, Alexandre Gonçalves, João Tiago Guimarães, Inês Falcão Pires, Elisa Keating, Rita Negrão
The consumption of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) has increased during pregnancy. The European Food Safety Agency suggested that steviol glycosides, such as Rebaudioside A (RebA), the major sweetener component of stevia, are safe for humans up to a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight/day. However, the World Health Organization recommended in 2023 the restraint of using NSS, including stevia, at any life stage, highlighting the need to study NSS safety in early periods of development. We aimed to study the mitochondrial and cardiometabolic effects of long-term RebA consumption during the reproductive stage of the life cycle...
March 2, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534431/influence-of-brainstem-s-area-a5-on-sympathetic-outflow-and-cardiorespiratory-dynamics
#22
REVIEW
Isabel Rocha, Marta González-García, Laura Carrillo-Franco, Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner, Manuel Victor López-González
Area A5 is a noradrenergic cell group in the brain stem characterised by its important role in triggering sympathetic activity, exerting a profound influence on the sympathetic outflow, which is instrumental in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, stress responses and various other physiological processes that are crucial for adaptation and survival mechanisms. Understanding the role of area A5, therefore, not only provides insights into the basic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system but also sheds light on the neuronal basis of a number of autonomic responses...
March 2, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533662/neural-circuits-underlying-reciprocal-cardiometabolic-crosstalk-2023-arthur-c-corcoran-memorial-lecture
#23
REVIEW
Kamal Rahmouni
The interplay of various body systems, encompassing those that govern cardiovascular and metabolic functions, has evolved alongside the development of multicellular organisms. This evolutionary process is essential for the coordination and maintenance of homeostasis and overall health by facilitating the adaptation of the organism to internal and external cues. Disruption of these complex interactions contributes to the development and progression of pathologies that involve multiple organs. Obesity-associated cardiovascular risks, such as hypertension, highlight the significant influence that metabolic processes exert on the cardiovascular system...
March 27, 2024: Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532577/just-a-gut-feeling-faecal-microbiota-transplant-for-treatment-of-depression-a-mini-review
#24
REVIEW
Minna Chang, Kai Tuomas Chang, Fuju Chang
BACKGROUND: The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) allows bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota (GM) and is believed to contribute to regulating mood/cognition/behaviour/metabolism/health and homeostasis. Manipulation of GM through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a new, exciting and promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). AIMS: This mini-review examines current research into GM and FMT as a therapy for depression. METHODS: Original research articles published in Medline/Cochrane Library/PubMed/EMBASE/PsycINFO databases/National Institute of Health website Clinicaltrials...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Psychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530155/post-weaning-social-isolation-modifies-neonatal-anoxia-induced-changes-in-energy-metabolism-and-growth-of-rats
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalia Andrea Cruz-Ochoa, Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira, Pablo Felipe Cruz-Ochoa, Santiago Lopez-Paredes, Julieta Esperanza Ochoa-Amaya, Silvia Honda Takada, Gilberto Fernando Xavier, Maria Inês Nogueira
Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia-induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of anoxia or control treatment...
March 26, 2024: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529045/the-role-of-probiotics-in-managing-glucose-homeostasis-in-adults-with-prediabetes-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#26
REVIEW
Chao Sun, Qingyin Liu, Xiaona Ye, Ronghua Li, Miaomiao Meng, Xingjun Han
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Analysis checklist was used. A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted through August 2022 to assess the impact of probiotics on blood glucose, lipid, and inflammatory markers in adults with prediabetes. Data were pooled using a random effects model and were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated and quantified as I 2 ...
2024: Journal of Diabetes Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528308/exercise-regulated-mitochondrial-and-nuclear-signalling-networks-in-skeletal-muscle
#27
REVIEW
Elizabeth G Reisman, John A Hawley, Nolan J Hoffman
Exercise perturbs energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle and engages integrated cellular signalling networks to help meet the contraction-induced increases in skeletal muscle energy and oxygen demand. Investigating exercise-associated perturbations in skeletal muscle signalling networks has uncovered novel mechanisms by which exercise stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes whole-body health and fitness. While acute exercise regulates a complex network of protein post-translational modifications (e...
March 25, 2024: Sports Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527434/brain-thymus-connections-in-chagas-disease
#28
REVIEW
Florencia Belén González, Wilson Savino, Ana Rosa Pérez
BACKGROUND: The brain and the immune systems represent the two primary adaptive systems within the body. Both are involved in a dynamic process of communication, vital for the preservation of mammalian homeostasis. This interplay involves two major pathways: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SUMMARY: The establishment of infection can affect immunoneuroendocrine interactions, with functional consequences for immune organs, particularly the thymus...
March 25, 2024: Neuroimmunomodulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527334/shaping-leaves-through-tale-homeodomain-transcription-factors
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary E Byrne, Eleanor Imlay, Nazuratul Nabilah Binti Ridza
The first TALE homeodomain transcription factor to be described in plants was maize knotted1 (kn1). Dominant mutations in kn1 disrupt leaf development with abnormal knots of tissue forming in the leaf blade. kn1 was found to be expressed in the shoot meristem but not in a peripheral region that gives rise to leaves. Furthermore, KN1 and closely related proteins were excluded from initiating and developing leaves. These findings were a prelude to a large body of work wherein TALE homeodomain proteins have been identified as vital regulators of meristem homeostasis and organ development in plants...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Experimental Botany
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525262/the-amelioration-effect-of-antidiabetic-agents-on-cytokine-expression-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abeer M Abd El-Hameed, Areej A Eskandrani, Eman Salah Abdel-Reheim, Adel Abdel Moneim, Wessam Addaleel
Inflammation is a condition that is closely linked to diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), short for T2DM several different antidiabetic medications have been produced to regulate hyperglycemia, with indications that these therapies may have anti-inflammatory effects along with their glucose-lowering efficacy. Thus, this research was planned to explore the impact of antidiabetic agents on the cytokine expression levels -interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-37 when patients have T2DM. In this study, 168 eligible subject matter was split into two groups: 50 healthy individuals and 118 cases with T2DM, who were classified into two subgroups: 30 untreated patients and 88 patients treated with metformin-based therapy...
May 2024: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524938/higher-childhood-weight-gain-lower-skeletal-muscle-mass-and-higher-cereal-consumption-in-normal-weight-japanese-women-with-high-percentage-trunk-fat-a-subanalysis-study
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Satomi Minato-Inokawa, Mari Honda, Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji, Mika Takeuchi, Kaori Kitaoka, Miki Kurata, Bin Wu, Tsutomu Kazumi, Keisuke Fukuo
Normal-weight but high-percentage trunk fat phenotype was characterized in a setting where adiposity is not associated with educational and socioeconomic status. Body size trajectory since birth, current body composition measured using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic traits, serum adipokines, and dietary intake were measured cross-sectionally in 251 normal weight Japanese female university students whose fasting triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 56 mg/dL and 1...
April 2024: Diabetology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524930/associations-of-alt-ast-a-marker-of-hepatosteatosis-with-pulse-rate-in-young-women-and-with-blood-pressure-in-middle-aged-women-independently-of-abdominal-fat-accumulation-and-insulin-resistance
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Satomi Minato-Inokawa, Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji, Mari Honda, Mika Takeuchi, Kaori Kitaoka, Miki Kurata, Bin Wu, Tsutomu Kazumi, Keisuke Fukuo
UNLABELLED: We examined whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, may be associated with a wider constellation of variables related to metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Body fat and distribution, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were measured in 311 young and 148 middle-aged women. We had Pearson's correlation analysis and then stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses. In both middle-aged and young women, ALT/AST was associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), trunk/leg fat ratio and pulse rate...
April 2024: Diabetology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524015/a-global-bibliometric-analysis-of-the-top-100-most-cited-articles-on-carotid-body-tumors
#33
REVIEW
Abdullah Abdullah, Abdulaziz Hamzah, Ali S Alsudais, Raghad S Alzahrani, Hatem Souror, Gutaybah S Alqarni, Afnan A Ashqar, Yousef H Hemeq, Omar Dakkak
The carotid body, situated at the common carotid artery bifurcation, comprises specialized glomus cells responsible for sensing blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and temperature changes, crucial for regulating breathing and maintaining oxygen homeostasis. Carotid body tumors (CBTs), arising from these cells, are rare, representing only 0.5% of head and neck tumors, often presenting as benign, slow-growing, vascularized masses. In February 2023, this bibliometric analysis was conducted, which involved screening 1733 articles from the Web of Science database...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523572/chronic-low-dose-chromium-vi-exposure-induces-oxidative-stress-and-apoptosis-with-altered-expressions-of-dna-repair-genes-and-promoter-hypermethylation-in-the-liver-of-swiss-albino-mice
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shehnaz Islam, Olivia Sarkar, Sunanda Mukherjee, Sreejata Kamila, Arpan Dey Bhowmik, Ansuman Chattopadhyay
The present investigation dealt with harmful effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr [VI]) on liver of Swiss albino mice. This variant exhibited cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Our study focused on elucidating the hepatotoxic effects of chronic low-dose exposure to Cr (VI) (2, 5, and 10 ppm) administered via drinking water for 4 and 8 months. The observed elevation in SGPT, ALP, and SGOT and increased oxidative stress markers unequivocally confirmed the severe disruption of liver homeostasis at these low treatment doses...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Applied Toxicology: JAT
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523235/rab18-maintains-homeostasis-of-subcutaneous-adipose-tissue-to-prevent-obesity-induced-metabolic-disorders
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaming Liu, Liangkui Li, Dijin Xu, Yuqi Li, Tao Chen, Yeyang Liu, Yuqian Bao, Yan Wang, Longyan Yang, Peng Li, Li Xu
Metabolically healthy obesity refers to obese individuals who do not develop metabolic disorders. These people store fat in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) rather than in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, the molecules participating in this specific scenario remain elusive. Rab18, a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein, mediates the contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and LDs to facilitate LD growth and maturation. In the present study, we show that the protein level of Rab18 is specifically upregulated in the SAT of obese people and mice...
March 22, 2024: Science China. Life Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522692/enhanced-hypoglycemic-effects-of-konjac-glucomannan-combined-with-polygonatum-cyrtonema-hua-polysaccharide-in-complete-nutritional-liquid-diet-fed-type-2-diabetes-mice
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Le Chang, H Douglas Goff, Chao Ding, Qiang Liu, Siqi Zhao, Tingting Tao, Rongxin Lu, Ying Gao, Haijing Wu, Liping Guo
In our aging society, dysphagia and malnutrition are growing concerns, necessitating intervention. Liquid nutrition support offers a practical solution for traditional dietary issues, but it raises a key issue: the potential for post-meal glucose spikes impacting efficacy. This study examined the effects of supplementation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide (PCP), konjac glucomannan (KGM) and their combination on acute phase postprandial glycemic response and long-term glucose metabolism in T2DM mice on a complete nutritional liquid diet...
March 22, 2024: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518996/targeting-aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor-to-prevent-cancer-in-barrier-organs
#37
REVIEW
Francoise Congues, Pengcheng Wang, Joshua Lee, Daphne Lin, Ayaz Shahid, Jianming Xie, Ying Huang
The skin, lung, and gut are important barrier organs that control how the body reacts to environmental stressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollutants, dietary components, and microorganisms. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of barrier organs. AhR was initially discovered as a receptor for environmental chemical carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Activation of AhR pathways by PAHs leads to increased DNA damage and mutations which ultimately lead to carcinogenesis...
March 20, 2024: Biochemical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518640/aqueous-extract-of-fermented-eucommia-ulmoides-leaves-alleviates-hyperlipidemia-by-maintaining-gut-homeostasis-and-modulating-metabolism-in-high-fat-diet-fed-rats
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Duan, Fengqian Guo, Chun Li, Dinghua Xiang, Man Gong, Hong Yi, Liangmian Chen, Lihua Yan, Dong Zhang, Liping Dai, Xiaoqian Liu, Zhimin Wang
BACKGROUND: As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, the lipid-lowing biological potential of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EL) has been demonstrated. After fermentation, the EL have been made into various products with lipid-lowering effects and antioxidant activity. However, the anti-hyperlipidemic mechanism of fermented Eucommia ulmoides leaves (FEL) is unclear now. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of FEL on hyperlipidemia and investigate the mechanism based on regulating gut homeostasis and host metabolism...
December 27, 2023: Phytomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517334/exploring-phytochemical-mechanisms-in-the-prevention-of-cholesterol-dysregulation-a-review
#39
REVIEW
Monthana Weerawatanakorn, Sudthida Kamchonemenukool, Yen-Chun Koh, Min-Hsiung Pan
Although cholesterol plays a key role in many physiological processes, its dysregulation can lead to several metabolic diseases. Statins are a group of drugs widely used to lower cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk but may lead to several side effects in some patients. Therefore, the development of a plant-based therapeutic adjuvant with cholesterol-lowering activity is desirable. The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis encompasses multiple steps, including biosynthesis and metabolism, uptake and transport, and bile acid metabolism; issues arising in any of these processes could contribute to the etiology of cholesterol-related diseases...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517248/knock-out-of-dipeptidase-cn2-in-human-proximal-tubular-cells-disrupts-dipeptide-and-amino-acid-homeostasis-and-para-and-transcellular-solute-transport
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tilman Pfeffer, Susanne M Krug, Tamara Kracke, Robin Schürfeld, Florian Colbatzky, Philip Kirschner, Rebekka Medert, Marc Freichel, Dagmar Schumacher, Maria Bartosova, Sotiris G Zarogiannis, Martina U Muckenthaler, Sandro Altamura, Silvia Pezer, Nadine Volk, Constantin Schwab, Stefan Duensing, Thomas Fleming, Elena Heidenreich, Johannes Zschocke, Rüdiger Hell, Gernot Poschet, Claus P Schmitt, Verena Peters
AIM: Although of potential biomedical relevance, dipeptide metabolism has hardly been studied. We found the dipeptidase carnosinase-2 (CN2) to be abundant in human proximal tubules, which regulate water and solute homeostasis. We therefore hypothesized, that CN2 has a key metabolic role, impacting proximal tubular transport function. METHODS: A knockout of the CN2 gene (CNDP2-KO) was generated in human proximal tubule cells and characterized by metabolomics, RNA-seq analysis, paracellular permeability analysis and ion transport...
March 22, 2024: Acta Physiologica
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