pediatric ent

BACKGROUND: Adenoid tissue is a first-line host defense secondary lymphoid organ, especially in childhood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required to maintain balanced cellular activity. With impaired ER functions, protein accumulation occurs, resulting in ER stress, which plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of many diseases. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationship between ER stress and adenoid tissue disorders, thereby elucidating the mechanisms of immunity-related diseases...

Introduction: Stuttering is a pronunciation disorder represented by repetitive perpetuations, duplications, or freezes of spoken words or syllables, as well as nervousness and cognitive shunning. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can lead to pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Many case reports have proposed that stuttering is the result of a PANDAS, and that it can be identified together with Tourette syndrome, which shares many clinical characteristics with stuttering...

Cholesteatomas are benign growths of squamous epithelial tissue in the middle ear resulting in conductive hearing loss and/or erosion of the structures of the middle ear space. These lesions are surgically removed but require postoperative surveillance due to risk of recurrence or residual disease. Second-look surgery remains the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma; however, advanced imaging modalities such as non-echoplanar diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (non-EPI DWI-MRI) offer a less invasive alternative for surveillance...

The work illustrates a step-by-step surgical approach to demonstrate technical feasibility of a single-stage endoscopic repair for bilateral choanal atresia with adjuvant bioabsorbable steroid-eluting stent placement to safely mitigate unique perioperative challenges in the pediatric population. Laryngoscope, 2024.

Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) refers to a common respiratory disease that occurs simultaneously with clinical or subclinical allergic symptoms of the upper respiratory tract (allergic rhinitis) and the lower respiratory tract (asthma). The incidence of CARAS is high and the quality of life of the patients is greatly affected. At present, treatment of this comprehensive disease is often carried out separately in the otorhinolaryngology and respiratory departments. One of the reasons is a lack of coordinated treatment consensus on the comprehensive management of this disease...

BACKGROUND: Button battery (BB) ingestions (BBI) are increasingly prevalent in children and constitute a significant, potentially life-threatening health hazard, and thus a pediatric emergency. Ingested BBs are usually charged and can cause severe symptom within 2 h. Discharged BBs ingestion is very rare and protracted symptom trajectories complicate diagnosis. Timely imaging is all the more important. Discharged BBs pose specific hazards, such as impaction, and necessitate additional interventions...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adenoidectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in pediatric otolaryngological practice. This prospective study compared three different adenoidectomy techniques' intra-operative and postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients. The techniques evaluated were classical (blind curettage), coblation, and a combined approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy were enrolled in the study...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if increasing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity, as determined by preoperative polysomnography data, is an independent risk for respiratory complications and level of follow-up care after adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients ≤21 years of age with severe OSAS (obstructive apnea-hypopnea index [OAHI] >10) undergoing adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy. Patients were categorized based on preoperative polysomnography data (PSG)...

Swallowing is an elaborate process that requires neuromuscular coordination. Pediatric esophageal dysphagia is broadly categorized into structural and nonstructural causes. The structural causes of pediatric esophageal dysphagia are related to processes that narrow the lumen of the esophagus. Esophageal strictures are the result of scar tissue formation within the lumen of the esophagus, leading to stenosis. Vascular rings and slings cause external compression of the esophagus. Diagnosis requires an esophagram and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the etiology of vertigo/dizziness and determine the effectiveness of the video-head impulse test (vHIT) and the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) tests in distinguishing between peripheral and non-peripheral etiologies in children who presented to the otolaryngology department with complaints of vertigo/dizziness. METHODS: The vHIT and SHIMP tests were applied to the children. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and saccade parameters were compared...

Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 40% of children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, comorbid illnesses, complications and quality of life in children referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece. We analyzed 590 pediatric patients referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece from 26/01/2012 to 20/11/2022. Allergic rhinitis was recorded as the one and only allergic disease in 59% of the children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, concomitant asthma in 16% of them, atopic dermatitis in 8% and allergic conjunctivitis in 5%...

Cochlear implantation is a safe, popular procedure for severe hearing loss in both children and adults. Complications are categorized as major and minor, with hematomas and seromas being minor. This article discusses advanced diagnosis and treatment for three patients with post-implantation hematomas (two early, one late).

UNLABELLED: The Plunging or cervical ranula is a mucus pseudocyst extension of the sublingual gland that is located below the mylohyoid muscle. In infants, owing to small sublingual and cervical space, clinically large cervical ranulas can lead to a significant impact on swallowing, crying, and even breathing (Carlini et al. in Pediatr Rep 8(4):6576, 2016; Övet et al. in Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 53(3):133-135, 2015). In these clinical pictures, we present a case of cervical ranula that grew in a short period leading to respiratory distress...

Otitic Hydrocephalus (OH) is one of the most significant life-threatening complications of otological infections. Given their low prevalence and non-specific ear symptoms, this complication requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. In this case report, we aim to provide an analysis of OH and describe common clinical signs and symptoms, treatment options, morbidity and mortality.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of thyroid carcinoma (TC) among pediatric and adolescent populations is infrequent, yet its global occurrence is escalating. Insufficient information pertaining to TC in the pediatric populace of Indonesia presents issues in the identification and management of patients with this condition. The objective of this study is to provide a detailed account of a collection of pediatric TC cases that were recorded at a tertiary care center throughout an extended interval of eight years...

BACKGROUND: Mediastinal infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria remain an exceedingly rare entity. Most cases in the published literature do not include pediatric patients. Due to their clinical infrequency, poor response to antimicrobial therapy and often precarious anatomical location, the optimal management of these lesions can be challenging. METHODS: Retrospective medical record review of 4 pediatric cases of mediastinal nontuberculous mycobacteria infection was undertaken...

BACKGROUND: Vascular malformations belong to the group of vascular anomalies. They are rare congenital diseases resulting from abnormal development of vessels and can arise in any location, often in the head and neck region. Clinical symptoms are variable, functional handicaps and esthetic problems may result. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One differentiates between arteriovenous, lymphatic, venous, and capillary malformations and combinations thereof. Their classification, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment options are discussed...

Background: ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool, which utilizes machine learning to analyze and generate human-like text. The user-friendly accessibility of this tool enables patients conveniently access medical information without intricate terminology challenges. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing insights into indications and management of complications after tonsillectomy, a common pediatric otolaryngology procedure. Methods: The responses generated by ChatGPT were compared to the "Clinical practice guidelines: tonsillectomy in children-executive summary" developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF)...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the congenital sternoclavicular sinus in the region of sternoclavicular joint, providing valuable insights for clinical practice in children. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of case notes was conducted for all patients treated for congenital sternoclavicular sinus at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice from January 2022 to September 2023.This review analyzed the clinical presentations, imaging examination, pathological examination, and treatment...

OBJECTIVE(S): The first-line treatment for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is adenotonsillectomy. Post-operative weight gain is a well-documented phenomenon. We hypothesized that higher peri-adenotonsillectomy delta weight correlates with lower rates of OSA resolution in pediatric patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of 250 patients from 2 to 17 years of age at a tertiary academic medical center between January 2021 and December 2022...