Cardiac, heart

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OBJECTIVE: Pediatric Heart-lung transplant (HLTX) is performed for endstage congenital heart disease (CHD) with irreversible pulmonary hypertension or non-congenital heart disease (NCHD) with end-stage heart and lung disease. CHD could influence the outcomes of HTLX due to increased complexity of the operation as compared to NCHD. In this study we evaluated the influence of cardiac diagnosis on outcomes of pediatric HTLX. METHODS: The UNOS database (1987-2022) was queried for primary HTLX in patients <18 years...

Amyloidosis presents a diagnostic challenge, particularly when concomitant with severe conditions like acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this report, we detail the case of a 73-year-old patient with acute exacerbation of IPF and simultaneous emergence of cardiac amyloidosis. The patient's clinical journey began with persistent exertional dyspnea, progressing to hypoxemia on admission. Chest CT scans showed extensive ground-glass opacities, consolidations, and pre-existing honeycombing-like cysts and reticular shadows, accompanied by a right-sided pleural effusion...

The presented case describes a 56-year-old male with adult-onset Still's disease, exhibiting polyserositis in 2019, who underwent pleurectomy and pericardiectomy. Despite treatment with tocilizumab and methylprednisolone, the patient developed deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in 2022, managed with apixaban. A contrast-enhanced chest tomography revealed no recurrent thromboembolic events. Over a year, the patient experienced progressive dyspnea, correlating with signs of constriction on transthoracic echocardiogram...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) among patients admitted with preeclampsia as well as to analyze the independent association of CHF with in-hospital outcomes among women with preeclampsia. METHODS: Data were obtained from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 2016 to December 2019. We assessed the independent association of CHF with outcomes in patients admitted with preeclampsia...

This study delves into the prevalence of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during cesarean (c-section) childbirth, focusing on existing treatments and their efficacy. Currently, neuraxial analgesia is the most efficient method for alleviating pain during c-sections, but its major side effect, hypotension, necessitates a thorough understanding of the available treatment options. A scoping review was conducted using PubMed and Rayyan, with inclusion criteria being English peer-reviewed articles from the last five years, involving nulligravida/primigravida women under 35 years old in the United States...

BACKGROUND: There are some functional bradyarrhythmias that are caused by a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, for which a therapeutic strategy of cardioneuroablation (CNA) is conceivable. CASE SUMMARY: In this study, we report the case of a 19-year-old woman with a non-congenital third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB), symptomatic for lipothymia and dyspnea caused by mild exertion. She had a structurally normal heart and no other comorbidities. The atropine test and the exercise stress test documented a sinus tachycardia at 190 bpm with a 2:1 AVB, a narrow QRS, and an atrioventricular conduction of 1:1 until reaching a sinus rhythm rate of 90 bpm...

The sensing of left ventricular (LV) activity is fundamental in the diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular health in high-risk patients after cardiac surgery to achieve better short- and long-term outcome. Conventional approaches rely on noninvasive measurements even if, in the latest years, invasive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors have emerged as a valuable approach for precise and continuous monitoring of cardiac activity. The main challenges in designing cardiac MEMS sensors are represented by miniaturization, biocompatibility, and long-term stability...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to investigate the association between major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and clinical factors of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis using the 2015-2020 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was performed on patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer. MACE was defined as any report of cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, or thromboembolic events (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis)...

OBJECTIVE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by intense central inflammation, leading to substantial post-hemorrhagic complications such as vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. 2,6,7 Given the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and its ability to promote brain plasticity, taVNS has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for SAH patients. 3,8,9 However, the effects of taVNS on cardiovascular dynamics in critically ill patients like those with SAH have not yet been investigated...

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are crucial effector enzymes that transduce divergent signals from upstream receptor pathways and are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ATP to cAMP. The ten AC isoforms are categorized into four main groups; the class III or calcium-inhibited family of ACs comprises AC5 and AC6. These enzymes are very closely related in structure and have a paucity of selective activators or inhibitors, making it difficult to distinguish them experimentally. AC5 and AC6 are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature, as well as the spinal cord and brain; AC6 is also abundant in the lungs, kidney, and liver...

BACKGROUND: The increase in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) incidence is a worldwide phenomenon, resulting in a heavy disease burden in the public health systems, specifically in emerging countries. The shock index (SI) is a physiological parameter that indicates cardiovascular status and has been used as a tool to assess the presence and severity of shock, which is increased in sTBI. Considering the high mortality of sTBI, scrutinizing the predictive potential of SI and its variants is vital...

BACKGROUND: Pain management is essential for postoperative surgery. Given the association of opioids with adverse outcomes, interest in the use of nonopioid analgesics, such as ketorolac, has increased. Published data on use in neonates are limited. OBJECTIVES: To describe ketorolac dosing and safety and efficacy outcomes in the first 48 hours postcardiac surgery in neonates. DESIGN: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of neonates (ages < 28 d) who received ketorolac following cardiac surgery from November 2020 to July 2023 (inclusive)...

AIMS: Acute heart failure (AHF) can result in worsening of heart failure (WHF), cardiogenic shock (CS), or death. Risk factors for these adverse outcomes are not well characterized. This study aimed to identify predictors for WHF or new-onset CS in patients hospitalized for AHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort study enrolling consecutive patients with AHF admitted to a large tertiary care centre with follow-up until death or discharge. WHF was defined by the RELAX-AHF-2 criteria...

Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery (AAOLCA) confers high risk for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). This series aims to describe consecutive admissions with interarterial AAOLCA presenting with SCA and distinct clinical trajectories. An eight-year-old boy collapsed at school and received 10-min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation prior to return of spontaneous circulation. He had no end-organ dysfunction and underwent uneventful coronary unroofing. In contrast, a 14-year-old boy presented with collapse while jogging...

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient information regarding the bleeding sites and surgical strategies of cardiac tamponade during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). CASE PRESENTATION: Of the five patients with cardiac tamponade, three required surgical intervention and two required pericardiocentesis. In the first case of three cardiac tamponades requiring surgical intervention, considering that the peripheral route was used, the catecholamines did not reach the heart, and due to unstable vital signs, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was inserted...

Synovial sarcoma of the heart is a rare tumor. Herein we would like to report a case of giant intrapericardial cardiac synovial sarcoma that originated from the right ventricle and grew outward near the diaphragm. After making adequate preoperative preparation, we performed the surgery as quickly as possible and resected the tumor completely. Based on the identification of the translocation on chromosome 18 rearrangement, the tumor can be diagnosed as a primary cardiac synovial sarcoma. Through this study, we aim to afford more information about cardiac synovial sarcomas as well as a reference for similar cases...

BACKGROUND: conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CCABG) tends to cause severe complications in patients with comorbid Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) and diabetes. On the other hand, the Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (MICS CABG) via transthoracic incision is associated with rapid recovery and reduced complications. Adding to the limited literature, this study compares CCABG and MICS CABG in terms of efficacy and safety. METHODS: Herein, 104 CCABG and MICS CABG cases (52 cases each) were included...

BACKGROUND: Despite being a prognostic predictor, cardiac autonomic dysfunction (AD) has not been well investigated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to characterise computed tomography (CT), spirometry, and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) features of COPD patients with cardiac AD and the association of AD with CT-derived vascular and CPET-derived ventilatory efficiency metrics. METHODS: This observational cohort study included stable, non-severe COPD patients...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Bangladesh, are also affected by several types of CVDs, such as heart failure and stroke. The leading cause of death in Bangladesh has recently switched from severe infections and parasitic illnesses to CVDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study dataset comprised a random sample of 391 CVD patients' medical records collected between August 2022 and April 2023 using simple random sampling...