Presepsin

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of markers such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, complete blood count parameters, delta neutrophil index, ischemia-modified albumin, presepsin, and oxidative stress indicators, which are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and ischemia in the pathology and diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in adults. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis in the emergency department and healthy individuals in the control group were included in the study...

Gut dysbiosis and subclinical intestinal damage are common in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to examine the association of intestinal damage biomarkers (diamine oxidase [DAO], claudin 3, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP; FABP2]) with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis. The blood levels of DAO were inversely correlated with blood levels of claudin 3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), presepsin, TNF-α, and the severity of cirrhosis according to Child-Pugh scores. The blood level of I-FABP was directly correlated with the blood level of claudin 3 but not with that of DAO...

Worldwide, sepsis is a well-recognized cause of death. Acute kidney injury (AKI) may be related to sepsis in up to 70% of AKI cases. Sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) is defined as the presence of AKI according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria in the context of sepsis. SA-AKI is categorized into early, which presents during the first 48 h of sepsis, and late, presenting between 48 h and 7 days of sepsis. SA-AKI is associated with a worse prognosis among patients with sepsis. However, there are different SA-AKI phenotypes as well as different pathophysiological pathways of SA-AKI...

INTRODUCTION: Procalcitonin and presepsin have been suggested to be able to discriminate bacterial and viral infections, also in children. This scoping review aims to better explore the available evidence around the potential role of these biomarkers in the subgroup of children with respiratory infectious diseases. METHODS: We performed a systematic scoping review of studies published until March 2023 in the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and SCOPUS...

Antibiotic overprescribing is prevalent in pediatric emergency medicine, influenced by clinician-caregiver dynamics and diagnostic uncertainties, and poses substantial risks such as increasing antibacterial resistance, adverse drug reactions, and increased healthcare expenditures. While antimicrobial stewardship programs have proven effective in optimizing antibiotic use within inpatient healthcare settings, their implementation in pediatric emergency medicine presents specific challenges. Existing biomarkers like white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and presepsin have limitations in their ability to distinguish (serious) bacterial infections from other etiologies of fever...

The fear of missing sepsis episodes in neonates frequently leads to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, and prescription program optimization is suggested for reducing this inappropriate usage. While different authors have studied how to reduce antibiotic overprescription in the case of early onset sepsis episodes, with different approaches being available, less is known about late-onset sepsis episodes. Biomarkers (such as C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and 8, and presepsin) can play a crucial role in the prompt diagnosis of late-onset sepsis, but their role in antimicrobial stewardship should be further studied, given that different factors can influence their levels and newborns can be subjected to prolonged therapy if their levels are expected to return to zero...

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BACKGROUND: An accurate diagnosis of early-onset sepsis (EOS) is challenging because of subtle symptoms and the lack of a good diagnostic tool, resulting in considerable antibiotic overtreatment. A biomarker, discriminating between infected and non-infected newborns at an early stage of the disease, could improve EOS prediction. Numerous biomarkers have been tested, but have never been compared directly. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of early biomarkers and their diagnostic value in maternal samples, umbilical cord blood, and neonatal serum...

(1) Background: Despite advancements in medical research and discoveries, heart failure (HF) still represents a significant and prevalent public health challenge. It is characterized by persistently high mortality and morbidity rates, along with increased rates of readmissions, particularly among the elderly population. (2) Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 260 patients with stable or decompensated chronic HF. The parameter of interest in the study population was the mean platelet volume (MPV), and the main objective of the research was to identify a possible relationship between MPV and several variables-biological (NT-proBNP, presepsin, red cell distribution width (RDW)), electrocardiographic (atrial fibrillation (AFib) rhythm, sinus rhythm (SR)), and echocardiographic (left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial (LA) diameter, left ventricle (LV) diameter, pulmonary hypertension (PH))...

Our aim was to study the association of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers with cirrhosis manifestations, bacterial translocation, and gut microbiota taxa. The fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma levels of nitrite, big endothelin-1, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), presepsin, and claudin were measured as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, bacterial translocation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. An echocardiography with simultaneous determination of blood pressure and heart rate was performed to evaluate hemodynamic parameters...

OBJECTIVE: Sepsis is a syndrome of life-threatening organ dysfunction. This study aimed to determine whether presepsin is a useful predictor of septic acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and shock in very-old sepsis patients aged 75 years in intensive care units (ICUs). RESULTS: A total of 83 adult patients diagnosed with sepsis were prospectively examined and divided into two groups: those aged 75 years and older (over 75 group) and those aged younger than 75 years (under 75 group)...

INTRODUCTION: Prostate Cancer (PC) is a global health concern affecting men worldwide. Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to the initiation of early-stage PC lesions. Additionally, inflammation has long been acknowledged as a factor in the development of PC. We aimed to examine the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in PC patients before and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Urology Outpatient Clinic of Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital...

BACKGROUND: Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as Brucella, lead to high rates of mortality and morbidity. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between serum levels of apelin, presepsin, and irisin with inflammation, laboratory parameters, and blood culture in patients with brucella. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective case-control study involves 30 patients with brucellosis and 30 healthy, matched control subjects...

OBJECTIVES: Early sepsis detection and diagnosis still constitutes an open issue since the accuracy of standard-of care parameters is biased by a series of perinatal factors including hypoxia. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the effect of fetal chronic hypoxia insult on urine levels of a promising new marker of sepsis, namely presepsin (P-SEP). METHODS: We conducted a prospective case-control study in 22 cases of early-intrauterine growth restriction (E-IUGR) compared with 22 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) newborns and 66 healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Postneurosurgical meningitis (PNM) is a serious complication in neurocritical care patients, leading to clinical deterioration and worsening outcomes. Accurate diagnosis of PNM is often difficult due to the lack of definitive diagnostic criteria. This study investigates the potential utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) presepsin (PSP), blood PSP, and the CSF/blood PSP ratio as adjunctive biomarkers for the diagnosis of PNM. METHODS: We conducted a single-center prospective observational study at Nara Prefecture General Medical Center in Nara, Japan, from April 2020 to March 2022...

BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis (CS) is a group of skull malformations manifested by congenital absence or premature closure of cranial sutures. Reconstructive surgery in the second half of life is traditional approach for CS. The issues of surgical stress response after reconstructive surgery for CS in children are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters in children undergoing traumatic reconstructive surgery for CS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria were CS, reconstructive surgery, age <24 months, no comorbidities and available laboratory diagnostic protocol including complete blood count, biochemical blood test with analysis of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin and presepsin...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the common causes of hospitalization of patients in intensive care units. A significant role for vitamin D in sepsis has been proposed, which is due to its active metabolite, calcitriol. AIMS: Evaluate the effect of calcitriol supplementation on infectious biomarkers, including procalcitonin and presepsin. METHODS: Patients with sepsis were divided into intervention and control group. Patients in the intervention group received intravenous calcitriol daily for 3 days...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between Raftlin and Presepsin levels in periodontal healthy/diseases, hypothesizing a change in their levels. Also, the study aimed to determine their potential role in diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of periodontal diseases. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was used, including 20 periodontally healthy individuals, 21 gingivitis patients, and 21 periodontitis patients. Clinical measurements and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection were conducted, and the levels of Raftlin and Presepsin were analyzed...

Febrile infections in children are a common cause of presentation to the emergency department (ED). While viral infections are usually self-limiting, sometimes bacterial illnesses may lead to sepsis and severe complications. Inflammatory biomarkers such as C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin are usually the first blood exams performed in the ED to differentiate bacterial and viral infections; nowadays, a better understanding of immunochemical pathways has led to the discovery of new and more specific biomarkers that could play a role in the emergency setting...

BACKGROUND: CD14 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and presepsin is a fragment of soluble CD14. Still, it remains uncertain whether Gram-negative bacteria induce higher presepsin levels than other microorganisms. To address this question, this study aimed to analyze presepsin levels based on microorganisms isolated in blood cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a single-center study comprising suspected sepsis patients enrolled from July 2020 to September 2020...