Alopecia totalis

IMPORTANCE: Multiple cases of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases after COVID-19 have been reported. However, their incidences and risks have rarely been quantified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidences and risks of autoimmune and autoinflammatory connective tissue disorders after COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective population-based study conducted between October 8, 2020, and December 31, 2021, that used nationwide data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency COVID-19 National Health Insurance Service cohort and included individuals who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 via polymerase chain reaction testing and a control group with no evidence of COVID-19 identified from National Health Insurance Service of Korea cohort...

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BACKGROUND: Baricitinib, an oral selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of adults with severe alopecia areata (AA). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in response up to week 52 among subgroups based on the baseline severity of AA assessed with the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score. METHODS: Data were pooled from BRAVE-AA1 and BRAVE-AA2, two randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, which enrolled adults with a SALT score ≥ 50...

IMPORTANCE: Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by hair loss ranging from patches of hair loss to more extensive forms, including alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU). There is a lack of consensus for treatment. Understanding current practice patterns could help the identification of treatment needs and development of standards of care. OBJECTIVE: To review treatment patterns for adults with AA in the US between 2015 and 2020. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used medicine and pharmacy claims for commercially insured individuals from the IBM MarketScan Research Database to assess adults (≥18 years) newly treated for AA between October 15, 2015, and February 28, 2020...

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INTRODUCTION: Ritlecitinib demonstrated efficacy in patients with alopecia areata (AA) in the ALLEGRO phase 2b/3 study (NCT03732807). However, hair loss presentation may vary based on location (e.g., scalp, eyebrow/eyelash, body). Here, we sought to identify distinct hair loss profiles at baseline and evaluate whether they affected the efficacy of ritlecitinib. METHODS: Patients with AA aged ≥ 12 years with ≥ 50% scalp hair loss were randomized to daily ritlecitinib 10 mg (assessed for dose ranging only), 30 or 50 mg (± 4-week, 200-mg loading dose), or placebo for 24 weeks...

Complete scalp hair loss can be a source of distress for affected children and their families. In addition to infectious and trauma-related causes of hair loss, infants and children may present with total scalp alopecia arising from a range of genetic predispositions. Our objective with this review was to identify the common genetic conditions in children with complete scalp alopecia. The PubMed Database was reviewed for all articles from 1962 to 2019 containing the search terms related to genetic alopecia...

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Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hair loss, for which there are few treatment options. This claims-based study characterized recent real-world treatment patterns among patients in the USA with alopecia areata, including the subtypes alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis, in the first year after diagnosis of an episode of alopecia areata. Approximately 5% of all patients (adults (age ≥ 18 years), n = 7,703; adolescents (age 12-17 years), n = 595) had alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis...

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have ushered in a new era in alopecia areata (AA). Historically, moderate-to-severe AA was refractory to treatment. JAK inhibitors have changed that; now, treatment of moderate-to-severe AA is possible. Here, we briefly review the history of and rationale for JAK inhibitor treatment of AA, phase 3 clinical trial data, and considerations regarding differences among JAK inhibitors, safety, and patient selection.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell driven autoimmune disease, which results in hair loss. This study aims to determine the efficacy, tolerability and safety of different concentrations of anthralin in the treatment of pediatric AA. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients < 18 yo diagnosed with AA treated with anthralin at SickKids Hospital, Toronto dermatology outpatient clinic in 2016 - 2018. Anthralin used at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% in petrolatum at short contact, at increments of 15 minutes every week until a 1 hr maximum contact achieved...

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, non-scarring, immune-mediated skin disease that affects approximately 0.5-2% of the global population. The etiology of AA is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors, with significant advancements in genetic research occurring in recent years. In addition to well-known genes such as PTPN22 , CTLA4 , and IL2 , which have been widely supported as being associated with AA, an increasing number of specific gene-related loci have been discovered through advances in genetic research...

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease featured by recurrent, non-scarring hair loss with a variety of clinical manifestations. The outcome of AA patients varies greatly. When they progress to the subtypes of alopecia totalis (AT) or alopecia universalis (AU), the outcome is unfavorable. Therefore, identifying clinically available biomarkers that predict the risk of AA recurrence could improve the prognosis for AA patients. METHODS: In this study, we conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and functional annotation analysis to identify key genes that correlated to the severity of AA...

INTRODUCTION: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease with an underlying immuno-inflammatory pathogenesis. Treatments can include systemic corticosteroids and immunomodulators (such as Janus kinase inhibitors); these medications may be associated with a risk of some adverse events. However, large-scale observational studies of baseline incidence rates (IRs) of infection, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and thromboembolism in US patients with AA, including those with alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis (AT/AU), are limited...

Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with an increased burden of autoimmune and inflammatory disease and mental health conditions that may have a negative impact on quality of life. However, the exact burden of comorbidities on US patients with AA and the clinical subtypes alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) compared with those without AA is not well understood. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the incidence rates and prevalence of AA and its clinical subtypes and examine the autoimmune and inflammatory disease and mental health condition diagnosis burden in US patients with AA and a matched cohort without AA...

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem inflammatory disease that can affect virtually any part of the body. Often, it can initially present solely in the skin. Histologically, it is characterized by noncaseating, 'naked' granulomas in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Clinically, sarcoidosis is often referred to as a 'mimicker' of many other pathologic processes because of its wide array of presentations. Occasionally, sarcoidosis can present in the scalp as both a scarring and nonscarring alopecia. There are countless reports of sarcoidosis mimicking various other alopecias including acne keloidalis nuchae, discoid lupus erythematosus, frontal fibrosing alopecia, lichen planopilaris, and alopecia areata totalis...

House dust mite (HDM) is the most common allergen exacerbating atopic dermatitis (AD), and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) using HDM exhibited significant improvements in previous studies. Alopecia can occur as a complication of AD. Alopecia totalis (AT), a severe form of alopecia areata (AA), does not respond well to treatment and the chance of full recovery is less than 10%. For extensive hair loss, topical immunotherapy such as diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) is used as the first-line treatment. However, since DPCP is a kind of contact allergen, it has the potential to exacerbate AD...

IMPORTANCE: Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with diverse autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. However, an investigation on the long-term outcomes for offspring born to mothers diagnosed with AA is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risks for autoimmune, inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric outcomes of offspring born to mothers with AA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective population-based birth cohort study used the linked birth registration database with the Nationwide Health Insurance Service database of Korea...

Alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) is known to have a poor prognosis with high relapse rate, and treatment failure is observed in most patients, regardless of the type of therapy. Although treatment and the prognosis of AT and AU have improved in recent years, old data are routinely cited in recent review papers without questioning them. The authors aimed to study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of AT and AU to update and compare the results with those of previously reported studies...

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common form of noncicatricial hair loss of unknown cause, affecting 0.1-0.2% of the general population. Most evidence supports the hypothesis that it is disease of the hair follicle of autoimmune nature mediated by T-cells, with important cytokine role. Objective of the Study . The objective of this study is to study the association and changes in serum levels of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) in patients with AA in relation to the type, activity, and disease duration...