Nested case-control study

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210809.].

BACKGROUND: Floods are the most frequent weather-related disaster, causing significant health impacts worldwide. Limited studies have examined the long-term consequences of flooding exposure. METHODS: Flood data were retrieved from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory and linked with health data from 499,487 UK Biobank participants. To calculate the annual cumulative flooding exposure, we multiplied the duration and severity of each flood event and then summed these values for each year...

The protozoan parasite Dientamoeba fragilis is a frequently isolated stool organism and postulated cause of gastrointestinal symptoms. Peripheral blood eosinophilia has been described. This is the first study amongst the Australasian adult population to assess the relationship between organism detection and eosinophilia. A case-control study took place over 7 years at a single Sydney laboratory site, evaluating patients with D. fragilis identified on stool using real-time PCR with a recent full blood count, to control groups with Giardia spp...

Given the high rates of physical trauma and pain among service members, opioid-prescribing practices and use patterns have significant implications for the well-being of service members and can affect military medicine and personnel readiness. This study measured the association between prescribed opioid and benzodiazepine medications and subsequently reported injuries (accidental, alcohol and drug related, self-inflicted, and violence related) among active duty military members. Participants were service members who entered the military between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2010...

BACKGROUND: The healthcare burden of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing, but the diagnosis remains challenging and sometimes requires considerable time. This nested case-control study aims to clarify the time to diagnosis of NTM-PD, the factors that affect diagnosis and diagnostic delay, and changes in CT findings before diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 187 patients suspected of having NTM-PD based on computed tomography (CT) findings at our institution between January 2019 and September 2020...

INTRODUCTION: Preclinical evidence demonstrated the therapeutic potential of TZDs for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present study conducted an investigation of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular outcomes following ICH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with or without TZDs. METHODS: This retrospective nested case-control study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 62,515 T2DM patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of ICH were enrolled, including 7,603 TZD users...

BACKGROUND: An immediate, temporal risk of heart failure and arrhythmias after a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exacerbation has been demonstrated, particularly in the first month post-exacerbation. However, the clinical profile of patients who develop heart failure (HF) or atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) following exacerbation is unclear. Therefore we examined factors associated with people being hospitalized for HF or AF, respectively, following a COPD exacerbation. METHODS: We conducted two nested case-control studies, using primary care electronic healthcare records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, Office for National Statistics for mortality, and socioeconomic data (2014-2020)...

BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension (PHT) has been proven to be closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether PHT before liver transplantation (LT) will affect the recurrence of HCC is not clear. METHODS: 110 patients with depressurization of the portal vein (DPV) operations (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt-TIPS, surgical portosystemic shunt or/and splenectomy) before LT from a HCC LT cohort, matched with 330 preoperative non-DPV patients; this constituted a nested case-control study...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association of regular opioid use, compared with non-opioid analgesics, with incident dementia and neuroimaging outcomes among chronic pain patients. DESIGN: The primary design is a prospective cohort study. To triangulate evidence, we also conducted a nested case-control study analyzing opioid prescriptions and a cross-sectional study analyzing neuroimaging outcomes. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Dementia-free UK Biobank participants with chronic pain and regular analgesic use...

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of lung cancer among individuals who never smoked remains elusive, despite 15% of lung cancer cases in men and 53% in women worldwide being unrelated to smoking. Epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm) changes, have emerged as potential drivers. Yet, few prospective epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), primarily focusing on peripheral blood DNAm with limited representation of never smokers, have been conducted. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study of 80 never-smoking incident lung cancer cases and 83 never-smoking controls within the Shanghai Women's Health Study and Shanghai Men's Health Study...

BACKGROUND: Maternal risk factors for having a child diagnosed on the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) continuum are complex and include not only the quantity, frequency, and timing of alcohol use but also a woman's physical stature, socio-economic status, and pregnancy-related factors. Exposure to trauma may predispose women to a range of physiological and mental disorders. A woman's mental and physical health may in turn influence her probability of having a child with FASD. This study investigated the role of maternal childhood trauma and lifetime traumatic stress on prenatal alcohol consumption and on the risk of having a child with FASD...

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health concern associated with morbidity and mortality. Recent research has explored the potential relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of HTN. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acids and the incidence of HTN. METHODS: This nested case-control study utilized data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The study included 491 new HTN cases identified over a 6-year follow-up period...

BACKGROUND: Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy represents a novel treatment with curative potential for relapsed or refractory (R/R) LBCL, but there are access barriers to this innovative therapy that are not well-studied. OBJECTIVES: (1) Assess the impact of geographic factors and social determinants of health (SDOH) on access to treatment with CAR T in a sample of patients with R/R LBCL and ≥ 2 prior lines of treatment (LOT)...

BACKGROUND: Agranulocytosis is a life-threatening side-effect of clozapine, the only approved drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The long-term profile of this complication has not yet been well established. Here we aim to describe the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis over the long term. METHODS: We used the entire population of Finland to identify people diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder between 1972 and 2014 and developed a Kaplan-Meier model of time to diagnosis of agranulocytosis during clozapine versus non-clozapine treatment over a 22-year observation period (1996 to 2017)...

Thyroid cancer more commonly affects women than men and is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer among women of reproductive age. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort to evaluate pre-diagnostic sex steroid and thyroid function markers in relation to subsequent maternal papillary thyroid cancer. Cases (n = 605) were women ages 18-44 years, who provided an early-pregnancy (<20 weeks gestation) blood sample and were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer up to 11 years afterward...

OBJECTIVE: Given that the evidence regarding the link between antidepressant use and ovarian cancer risk is equivocal, we investigated this research question by conducting two nationwide nested case-control studies among the Danish and Swedish populations. METHODS: Altogether, 14,121 women with epithelial ovarian cancer (30-84 years old) (Denmark: 8976 diagnosed 2000-2019, Sweden: 5145 diagnosed 2010-2018) were randomly age-matched with 564,840 female controls (359,040 from Denmark, and 205,800 from Sweden) using risk set sampling...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Breast cancer is more prevalent in women with severe mental illness than in the general population, and use of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics may be a contributing factor. STUDY DESIGN: A nested case-control study was conducted using the Swedish nationwide registers (inpatient/outpatient care, sickness absence, disability pension, prescribed drugs, cancers). All women aged 18-85 years with schizophrenia/schizoaffective/other nonaffective psychotic disorder/bipolar disorder and breast cancer (cases) were matched for age, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and disease duration with five women without cancer (controls)...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic bariatric surgery the reduces risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes in individuals with obesity, but it is unclear whether the benefit varies by sex, age, or socioeconomic status. The aim was to assess the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes after metabolic bariatric surgery in these subgroups. METHODS: The Finnish Public Sector study, a follow-up study with matched controls nested in a large employee cohort, included patients without type 2 diabetes and with a diagnosis of obesity or self-reported BMI of at least 35 kg/m2...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the oral microbiota factors contributing to low birth weight (LBW) in Chinese pregnant women and develop a prediction model using machine learning. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 580 Chinese pregnant women, with 23 LBW cases and 23 healthy delivery controls matched for age and smoking habit. Saliva samples were collected at early and late pregnancy, and microbiome profiles were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing...

Studies suggested that exposure to air pollutants, with endocrine disrupting (ED) properties, have a key role in breast cancer (BC) development. Although the population is exposed simultaneously to a mixture of multiple pollutants and ED pollutants may act via common biological mechanisms leading to synergic effects, epidemiological studies generally evaluate the effect of each pollutant separately. We aimed to assess the complex effect of exposure to a mixture of four xenoestrogen air pollutants (benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP), cadmium, dioxin (2,3,7,8-Tétrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD)), and polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153)) on the risk of BC, using three recent statistical methods, namely weighted quantile sum (WQS), quantile g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)...