Pitching

This present study has the purpose of determining how surface topography of implants affects the initial stability of miniscrew implants (MSIs). Electronic databases like PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, as well as reference lists, were thoroughly searched up until September 2022. Clinical trials involving individuals who got anchorage through mini-implants, along with information on categories of mini-implants dimension, shape, thread design, and insertion site, were required as part of the eligibility criteria...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine if a universal 120-kV ultra-high pitch and virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) protocol on the photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) system can provide sufficient image quality for pediatric abdominal imaging, regardless of size, compared with protocols using a size-dependent kV and dual-source flash mode on the energy-integrating CT (EICT) system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One solid water insert and 3 iodine (2, 5, 10 mg I/mL) inserts were attached or inserted into phantoms of variable sizes, simulating the abdomens of a newborn, 5-year-old, 10-year-old, and adult-sized pediatric patients...

To break the resolution limitation of traditional resists, more work is needed on non-chemically amplified resists (non-CARs). Non-CARs based on iodonium salt modified polystyrene (PS-I) were prepared with controllable molecular weight and structure. The properties of the resist can be adjusted by the uploading of iodonium salts on the polymer chain, the materials with a higher proportion of iodonium salts show better lithography performance. By comparing contrast curves and quality of the lithographic patterns, the optimum developing condition of 4-methyl-2-pentanone and ethyl alcohol (v:v = 1:7) was selected...

We have designed new chiral smectic mesogens with the -CH2 O group near the chiral center. We synthesized two unique rod-like compounds. We determined the mesomorphic properties of these mesogens and confirmed the phase identification using dielectric spectroscopy. Depending on the length of the oligomethylene spacer (i.e., the number of methylene groups) in the achiral part of the molecules, the studied materials show different phase sequences. Moreover, the temperature ranges of the observed smectic phases are different...

INTRODUCTION: Radiation treatment has replaced enucleation as an organ-preservation treatment for patients with uveal melanoma (UM). We developed a novel non-invasive, frameless LINAC based solution for fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (fSRS) treatment. METHODS: We designed and constructed the a stereotactic ocular localization box that can be attached and indexed to a stereotactic LINAC tabletop. It contains adjustable LED lights as a gaze focus point and CCD camera for monitoring of the patient's eye position...

Large floating raft vibration isolation systems (FRVISs) based on high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) technology offer excellent low frequency vibration isolation performance with broad application prospects. However, the design process for these complex high-dimensional coupled nonlinear systems remains poorly developed, particularly when applied for ocean-going vessels that experience rolling and pitching motions. The present work addresses this issue by establishing a six-degree-of-freedom HSLDS vibration isolation model for FRVISs composed of eight isolators, and the model is applied to fully analyze the swing stability and multidimensional vibration isolation performance of these systems...

Ammonia is considered to play an important role in replacing traditional fossil fuels in future energy systems. In the experimental study, CH4 /NH3 flame was lit by applying a double-nozzle burner to gain insight into the structure, and the laminar diffusion flame structure, CH*/OH* intensity maximum, and flame size were analyzed by an ICCD camera. In addition, the extinction limit (lower limit) of the CH4 /NH3 flame under different conditions was also studied. The results showed that with the increase of burner pitch, the two diffusion flames showed four states of merged flames, merging flames, inclining separated flames, and independent flames in turn...

INTRODUCTION: The present study sought to compare the diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose of ECG-gated, ultra-fast, low-dose, high-pitch, spiral (FLASH) mode versus conventional, ECG-gated, sequential coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: The study included 120 patients who underwent both conventional scanning and FLASH mode scanning and were subdivided into derivation and validation cohorts. In the conventional sequential (step-and-shoot) protocol, prospective ECG-gated, non-contrast acquisition was performed at 70% of R-R interval...

OBJECTIVE: Tinnitus is one of the most common otologic symptoms and has a serious effect on the quality of life. The pathophysiology of tinnitus is not fully understood and no consensus has been reached on an effective treatment method for tinnitus. To evaluate the effectiveness of the kinesiotape (KT) method in subjective tinnitus treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: KT is a method used for sensory simulation. It is a method that aims to increase muscle function, positively affect lymphatic fluid and blood circulation, and stimulate the neurological system...

The cochlear tonotopic map determines where along the basilar membrane traveling waves of different frequencies peak. Endolymphatic hydrops has been hypothesized to shift the tonotopic map by altering the stiffness of the cochlear partition, especially in the apex. In this exploratory study performed in a handful of normal and hydropic ears, we report preliminary measurements of interaural differences assayed using behavioral pitch-matching supplemented by measurements of reflection otoacoustic-emission phase-gradient delays...

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation of hearing and listening difficulties through neuroplasticity of the auditory nervous system is a promising technique. Evidence of enhanced auditory processing in adult musicians is often not based on clinical auditory processing tests and is lacking in children with musical education. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal resolution and frequency discrimination elements of auditory processing both in adults and children with musical education and to compare them with those without any musical education...

The three-dimensional (3D) light field display (LFD) with dense views can provide smooth motion parallax for the human eye. Increasing the number of views will widen the lens pitch, however, resulting in a decrease in view resolution. In this paper, an approach to smooth motion parallax based on optimizing the divergence angle of the light beam (DALB) for 3D LFD with narrow pitch is proposed. DALB is controlled by lens design. A views-fitting optimization algorithm is established based on a mathematical model between DALB and view distribution...

The bionic polarization sensor (PS)/MEMS inertial measurement unit (MIMU) integrated system can provide reliable attitude and heading information for unmanned vehicles in the case of GNSS rejection. However, the existing measurement methods have poor adaptability to inclining, sheltering, and other harsh environments, and do not make full use of the complementary characteristics of the gyroscopes, accelerometers, and PS, which seriously affects the system performance. Therefore, this paper proposes an attitude and heading measurement method based on an adaptive complementary Kalman filter (ACKF), which corrects the gyroscopes according to the gravity measured by the accelerometers to improve the attitude accuracy and fuses the IMU heading and tilt-compensated polarization heading by Kalman optimal estimation...

Tool wear is one of the main causes of failure during diffraction grating ruling. However, no theoretical model for tool wear analysis has been available to date. A mathematical model is established here to solve for the friction coefficient at the tool contact position for the first time. Based on the ruling principles for diffraction gratings, four parameters comprising the tool cutting edge radius, knife angle, pitch angle, and tool ruling depth, are introduced into the model. The positive pressure and shear stress acting on the tool contact surface element during plastic deformation of the metal film layer are given, and an integral is performed over the area where the tool meets the metal film layer...

Augmented reality (AR), a technology that superimposes virtual information onto a user's direct view of real-world scenes, is considered one of the next-generation display technologies and has been attracting considerable attention. Here, we propose a flat optic AR system that synergistically integrates a polarization-independent metalens with micro light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A key component is a meticulously designed metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.25, providing a simulated focusing efficiency of approximately 76...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare various factors, namely perceived enjoyment (PE), percentage of peak heart rate (%HRpeak), blood lactate (La), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and technical-tactical performance among soccer players across different bout durations (CB: continuous bout, MIB: medium intermittent bouts, and SIB: short intermittent bouts) and between male and female players during four-a-side (4vs4) small-sided games (SSGs) including goalkeepers. METHODS: sixteen female soccer players (age: 20...

Designing Photonic Crystal Fibers incorporating the Surface Plasmon Resonance Phenomenon (PCF-SPR) has led to numerous interesting applications. This investigation presents an exceptionally responsive surface plasmon resonance sensor, seamlessly integrated into a dual-core photonic crystal fiber, specifically designed for low refractive index (RI) detection. The integration of a plasmonic material, namely silver (Ag), externally deposited on the fiber structure, facilitates real-time monitoring of variations in the refractive index of the surrounding medium...

Aphantasia is characterised by the inability to create mental images in one's mind. Studies investigating impairments in imagery typically focus on the visual domain. However, it is possible to generate many different forms of imagery including imagined auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, motor, taste and other experiences. Recent studies show that individuals with aphantasia report a lack of imagery in modalities, other than vision, including audition. However, to date, no research has examined whether these reductions in self-reported auditory imagery are associated with decrements in tasks that require auditory imagery...

This paper presents a compact and low-cost on-chip sensor and readout circuit. The sensor achieves high-resolution 5-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) tracking (x, y, z, yaw, and pitch). With the help of an external wire wound sensor, it can also achieve high-resolution 6-degrees-of-freedom (DoF) tracking (x, y, z, yaw, pitch, and roll angles). The sensor uses low-frequency magnetic fields to detect the position and orientation of instruments, providing a viable alternative to using X-rays in image-guided surgery. To measure the local magnetic field, a highly miniaturised on-chip magnetic sensor capable of sensing the magnetic field has been developed incorporating an on-chip magnetic sensor coil, analog-front end, continuous-time ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter (ADC), LVDS transmitter, bandgap reference, and voltage regulator...

This study proposes a method for enlarging the viewing zone of holographic displays using the slanted arrangement of pixels on a spatial light modulator (SLM). The pixel arrangement equivalently reduces the horizontal pixel pitch, which enlarges the horizontal viewing zone of displays. Computer-generated holograms (CGHs) were calculated using an asymmetric band-limit filter corresponding to the asymmetric bandwidth of the SLM with slanted pixels. The proposed methods were evaluated through an optical reconstruction experiment using static holograms with a pixel size of 1×1µ m , fabricated via electron-beam lithography...