Penumonia

BACKGROUND: blaNDM gene was prevalent among children, and became the predominant cause of severe infection in infants and children. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of blaNDM in Enterobacteriaceae among children in China. METHODS: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were collected in the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2016 to December 2022. Five carbapenemase genes (blaKPC , blaNDM , blaVIM , blaIMP , blaOXA-48 ) were screened by PCR method...

Data on bacterial or fungal pathogens and their impact on the mortality rates of Western Romanian COVID-19 patients are scarce. As a result, the purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of bacterial and fungal co- and superinfections in Western Romanian adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in in-ward settings during the second half of the pandemic, and its distribution according to sociodemographic and clinical conditions. The unicentric retrospective observational study was conducted on 407 eligible patients...

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), regulate cellular processes by affecting gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. Emerging evidence indicates that pathogenic microbes dysregulate the expression of host lncRNAs to suppress cellular defense mechanisms and promote survival. To understand whether the pathogenic human mycoplasmas dysregulate host lncRNAs, we infected HeLa cells with Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) and Mycoplasma penumoniae (Mp) and assessed the expression of lncRNAs by directional RNA-seq analysis...

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is the most common type of visceral abscess. Its variable clinical presentation depends on patient demography, underlying conditions, causative pathogens as well as the size of the abscess. Most cases are secondary to enteric pathogens that cause focal liver disease. Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess (GFPLA) is a rare subgroup of PLA characterized by the presence of gas within the abscess. The disease is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) while Klebsiella penumoniae is the most frequently isolated pathogen...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of setting up an internal-cross disciplinary team (ICDT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) on a new model of overall treatment for patients with chronic critical illness (CCI). METHODS: A 60-year-old male patient with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) admitted to ICU in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University was introduced. The role of ICDT composed of physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, clinical dietitians and patients' family members in ventilator withdrawal and super-early rehabilitation was analyzed in this case...

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Cefiderocol is a cephalosporin antibiotic presenting expanded antimicrobial activity. CirA is a gateway for cefiderocol to enter bacterial cells. We found that cirA1 and cirA198 were primary alleles in Klebsiella pneumoniae. CirA1 exhibited higher iron-transporting ability than CirA198 in iron-limited conditions. The cefiderocol minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) increased from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L when cirA1 was mutated to cirA198. Consistently, the MIC showed a 4-fold decrease when cirA198 was mutated to cirA1...

Pneumonia is a prevalent disease with considerable morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population. Early diagnosis and swift commencement of the correct treatment are vital for a favorable clinical outcome. Along with history-taking and clinical examination, imaging modalities commonly used, lung ultrasound provides a bedside, less invasive, radiation-free alternative to diagnose pneumonia when compared with other images such as chest x-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scan. It is therefore of the utmost magnitude to inspect the evidence of its accuracy and reliability in the diagnosis of this condition...

Nosocomial pneumonia is associated with worsened prognosis when diagnosed in intensive care unit (ICU), ranging from 12 to 48% mortality. The incidence rate of ventilation-acquired pneumonia tends to decrease below 15/1,000 intubation-day. Still, international guidelines are heterogeneous about diagnostic criteria because of inaccuracy of available methods. New entities have thus emerged concerning lower respiratory tract infection, namely ventilation-acquired tracheobronchitis (VAT), or ICU-acquired pneumonia (ICUAP), eventually requiring invasive ventilation (v-ICUAP), according to the type of ventilation support...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vitamin C has been used as an anti-oxidant in various diseases including viral illnesses like coronavirus disease (COVID-19). METHODS: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the role of vitamin C supplementation in COVID-19 was carried out. RESULTS: Total 6 RCTs including n = 572 patients were included. Vitamin C treatment didn't reduce mortality (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.27; I2  = 0%; P = 0...

OBJECTIVES: Compare the accuracy of PSI, CURB-65, MuLBSTA and COVID-GRAM prognostic scores to predict mortality, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and assess the coexistence of bacterial respiratory tract infection during admission. METHODS: Retrospective observational study that included hospitalized adults with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 from 15/03 to 15/05/2020. We excluded immunocompromised patients, nursing home residents and those admitted in the previous 14 days for another reasons...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and their antibiotic resistance. METHODOLOGY: Bacterial culture results of LRT samples from 17 hospitals between 2016-2019 were included in the study. All isolates were identified and AST were performed by automated microbiology systems. AST was performed according to EUCAST. RESULTS: Non-duplicate 30,051 (26,890 HA and 3156 CA) isolates detected as causative pathogen...

OBJECTIVES: Compare the accuracy of PSI, CURB-65, MuLBSTA and COVID-GRAM prognostic scores to predict mortality, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 and assess the coexistence of bacterial respiratory tract infection during admission. METHODS: Retrospective observational study that included hospitalized adults with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 from 15/03 to 15/05/2020. We excluded immunocompromised patients, nursing home residents and those admitted in the previous 14 days for another reasons...

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a nuisance to clinicians and medical microbiologists, particularly those cases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae . Thus, we aimed at investigating the profile and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and the clonal relationships between K. pneumoniae isolated from neonates at the largest tertiary care hospital's neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Minia, Egypt. Methods: This study comprised 156 neonates diagnosed with culture-proven sepsis from February 2019 to September 2019, at a major NICU of Minia City...

Nanoporous iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles (NIONPs) have been widely used as promising agents in biomedical applications. Herein, the NIONPs were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method and well-characterized by FESEM and TEM investigations. Afterwards, their interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied using a wide range of biophysical approaches, including intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence, far and near UV-CD, and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as molecular docking investigation...

The search for new, powerful antimicrobials is essential to respond to the current worldwide spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Sponge-associated bacteria have great potential for production of antimicrobials against resistant and multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria, but only few species of the Class Homoscleromorpha have been screened for these activities so far. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify sponge-associated bacteria active against antibiotic-resistant pathogens from sponges of classes Homoscleromorpha and Demospongiae...

BACKGROUND: Infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) cause serious health risks and significant economic burdens and the preferred drugs are still controversial. METHODS: We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy and safety of antibiotics used to treat inpatients with complicated skin and soft structure infections (cSSSI) or hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP). We also developed a decision tree model to assess the cost-effectiveness of antibiotics...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the potentially pathogenic bacteria of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics. METHODS: Two-hundred adenoid and tonsil specimens from 100 patients who had undergone adenotonsillectomy were obtained and analyzed bacteriologically. Identification of the pathogens was made by conventional or commercial identification systems and antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by disk diffusion method...

The interposition of a portion of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm is called Chilaiditi sign and discovered incidentally during radiological study for other reasons and usually asymptomatic presentation. When the discovery is accompanied by clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, constipation called Chilaiditi Syndrome. The Chilaiditi sign is a very rare condition, and the Chilaiditi syndrome is even more, especially if associated with other acute diseases. We report the case of a man of 41 years was admitted with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, difficulty was diagnosed with radiographic and tomographic images making the differential diagnosis with lung abscess and diaphragmatic hernia...

We herein report the case of 75-year-old Japanese female with a community-acquired lung abscess attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. penumoniae) which extended into the chest wall. The patient was admitted to our hospital with a painful mass on the left anterior chest wall. A contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography scan showed a lung abscess in the left upper lobe which extended into the chest wall. Surgical debridement of the chest wall abscess and percutaneous transthoracic tube drainage of the lung abscess were performed...