resting leg syndrom

Sleep-related motor disorders include non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias, rapid-eye movement (REM), sleep parasomnias including REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), isolated motor phenomena in sleep, and periodic limb movement disorder. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) occurs while awake but is closely related to sleep and has a circadian pattern. The pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus has an important role in aligning motor control with sleep states, and dysfunction in this region can explain motor activities including cataplexy and loss of REM atonia seen in REM sleep behavior disorder...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety/tolerability of bilateral high-frequency tonic motor activation (TOMAC) in patients with medication-refractory restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS: RESTFUL was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial in adults with medication-refractory moderate-to-severe primary RLS. Participants were randomized 1:1 to active or sham TOMAC for a double-blind, 4-week stage 1 and all received active TOMAC during open-label, 4-week stage 2...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate long-term efficacy and safety of tonic motor activation (TOMAC) for treatment of medication-refractory moderate-to-severe primary restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS: In the parent study (RESTFUL), adults with refractory RLS were randomized to active TOMAC or sham for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of open-label active TOMAC. In the extension study, earlier RESTFUL completers comprised the control group (n=59), which was followed for 24 weeks with no TOMAC intervention, and later RESTFUL completers compromised the treatment group (n=44), which received 24 additional weeks of open-label active TOMAC followed by no intervention for 8 weeks...

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic progressive movement disorder characterized by abnormal sensations, especially at rest and at night, as the need and urge to move the lower extremity. It has been reported that RLS severity and frequency increase in patients with anxiety and depression. It has been reported that serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors such as venlafaxine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline can cause RLS symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a complex sensorimotor disorder. Symptoms worsen toward evening and at rest and are temporarily relieved by movement. Symptoms are perceived as painful in up to 45% of cases, and nociception system may be involved. OBJECTIVES: To assess the descending diffuse noxious inhibitory control in RLS patients. METHODS: Twenty-one RLS patients and twenty age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a conditioned pain modulation protocol...

The field of circadian research on Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements (PLMs) is reviewed in general. RLS has five obligatory criteria for diagnosis: (1) an urge to move the legs often accompanied by uncomfortable leg sensations; (2) symptoms are worse at rest, i.e., lying or sitting; (3) there is a least partial and temporary relief of symptoms by activity, e.g., walking or stretching or bending the legs; (4) symptoms are worse later in the day or at night; and (5) mimics of RLS such as leg cramps and positional discomfort should be excluded by history and physical...

BACKGROUND Patients with post-fasciotomy CECS recurrence can experience significant mobility issues at baseline that limit independent living. For these patients, a repeat fasciotomy is not ideal because they are older and post-surgical scar tissue will make the fasciotomy technically challenging. Therefore, post-fasciotomy patients with CECS recurrence require new, non-surgical treatment options. Recent studies show botulinum toxin injections can be effective for the initial management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) prior to surgery, especially in young patients primarily experiencing pain on exertion with minimal lower-extremity symptoms at rest...

Physical activity, while less necessary for survival in modern times, is still essential for thriving in life, and low levels of movement are related to numerous physical and mental health problems. However, we poorly understand why people move on a day-to-day basis and how to promote greater energy expenditure. Recently, there has been a turn to understand automatic processes with close examination of older theories of behavior. This has co-occurred with new developments in the study of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)...

BACKGROUND: One of the most common causes of exercise-induced pain in the lower leg is chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Research is limited on muscle strength, oxygen saturation and physical activity in patients with CECS. PURPOSE: To compare muscle strength, oxygen saturation, and daily physical activity between patients with CECS and matched asymptomatic controls. A secondary purpose was to investigate the association between oxygen saturation and lower leg pain in patients with CECS...

BACKGROUND: Exertional compartment syndrome (ECS) is an underdiagnosed cause of lower extremity pain among athletes. The condition can be managed operatively by fasciotomy to relieve excess compartment pressure. However, symptom recurrence rates after fasciotomy are considerable, ranging from 3% to 17%. HYPOTHESIS: Leg paresthesia and its distribution during ECS episodes would be a significant predictor of outcomes after fasciotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study...

The goal of this study is to identify a signature of bioenergetic and functional markers in the muscles of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Quantitative physiological properties of in vivo hand muscle (FDI, first dorsal interosseus) and leg muscle (TA, Tibialis Anterior) of older individuals with PD were compared to historical age/gender-matched controls (N = 30). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (MRS) were used to assess in vivo mitochondrial and cell energetic dysfunction, including maximum mitochondrial ATP production (ATPmax), NAD concentrations linked to energy/stress pathways, and muscle size...

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's leg sporadically. The pathogenesis of RLS, also known as Willis Ekborn disease, is not fully understood; however, scientists note a complex interplay between multiple neuronal pathway-related genes with endogenous and exogenous factors. We report a case of a previously healthy 27-year-old man complaining of a continuous urge to move his right leg, notably at night. Laboratory evaluation proved negative for secondary causes of RLS; hence the condition was labeled as "primary idiopathic...

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is characterized by bothersome leg discomfort accompanied by an urge to move to obtain relief and symptoms are worse at night and on lying down. There is at least partial and temporary relief with activity. It is also an opioid responsive disorder, often accompanied by iron deficiency with or without anemia, and inflammation may be a precipitating factor in some cases. We created two in-vivo opiate receptor knock out mouse models of RLS - a triple opiate receptor knock-out mouse and a mu opiate receptor knock-out mouse...

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urgent need to move the legs, due to the presence of a discomfort sensation in the lower limbs, especially at rest. Generally, it relieves with movement. There are several studies that argue the existence of an association between this syndrome and pregnancy. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder in pregnancy are misunderstood. The objective of this narrative review is to identify and discuss some possible etiologies of RLS in pregnancy...

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare syndrome, which is clinically diagnosed by the presence of unilateral limb hypertrophy with vascular malformation including cutaneous capillaries, veins and lymphatic vessels. Most cases typically exhibit cutaneous manifestations such as port-wine stains and limb hypertrophy from infancy, but cases with mild manifestations may remain undiagnosed. We here report a case of KTS who was diagnosed by chance chyluria. A 15-year-old girl who exhibited hematochyluria with nephrotic-range proteinuria was referred to our hospital...

BACKGROUND: This study assessed Korean residents' health improvements by reducing chronic disease morbidity through customized health management. After identifying each participant's strength and health through physical examinations and blood pressure tests, the effects of 24 weeks of online, non-face-to-face home workouts on body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, and blood profiles in Korean adults with pre-metabolic syndrome were determined. METHODS: Adults living in Chungcheongbuk-do, aged 19-65, and at the pre-metabolic syndrome stage were recruited at the Jeungpyeong-gun Public Health Center, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea...

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a multifactorial disease that patients describe as restlessness in their legs, which creates a desire to move their legs, especially in the evening and at rest. This study aims to investigate serum selenium levels in RLS and document the quality of sleep and life in pregnant women with RLS according to International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria. Thirty-eight moderate to severe RLS patients with pregnancy at 38-41 weeks of gestation were determined as the case group, and 38 women with healthy gestational age-matched pregnancies were determined as the control group...

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), a chronic neuropathic pain condition, is a common indication for spinal cord stimulation (SCS). However, the mechanisms of SCS, especially its effects on supraspinal/brain functional connectivity, are still not fully understood. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies have shown characteristics in patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP). In this case study, we performed rsfMRI scanning (3.0 T) on an FBSS patient, who presented with chronic low back and leg pain following her previous lumbar microdiscectomy and had undergone permanent SCS...

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep-related disorder defined by an urgency to move the legs, usually combined with uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations, which occurs or worsens during rest, usually in the evening or at night, and disappears with the movement of the legs. RLS can be classified as idiopathic or primary, and secondary to comorbid conditions (eg, renal disease, polyneuropathy). The pathophysiology of RLS is still unclear. This article provides an updated practical guide for the treatment of primary RLS in adults...

Background: Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological morbidity. It is, however, a frequently underdiagnosed medical condition. This study was hence done to assess the occurrence and severity of RLS among participants and to study its determinants and its association with quality of sleep. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population of Mangalore in July 2021. Data were collected using a Google Form. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale was used to diagnose RLS and its severity...