neuron rna

Honey bees are social insects, and each colony member has unique morphological and physiological traits associated with their social tasks. Previously, we identified a long non-coding RNA from honey bees, termed Nb-1, whose expression in the brain decreases associated with the age-polyethism of workers and is detected in some neurosecretory cells and octopaminergic neurons, suggesting its role in the regulation of worker labor transition. Herein, we investigated its spatially and temporary-regulated/sex-specific expression...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that exhibits a gradual decline in cognitive function and is prevalent among a significant number of individuals globally. The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed as a delivery vehicle for siRNA, which can selectively suppress target genes, by enhancing cellular uptake and safeguarding siRNA from degradation. Numerous research studies have exhibited the effectiveness of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and enhancing cognitive function in animal models of AD...

From insects to humans, the nervous system generates complex behaviors mediated by distinct neural circuits that are composed of diverse cell types. During development, the spatiotemporal gene expression of the neural progenitors expands the diversity of neuronal and glial subtypes. Various neural stem cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic gene programs have been identified that are thought to play a major role in generating diverse neuronal and glial cell types. Drosophila has served as an excellent model system for discovering the fundamental principles of nervous system development and function...

Mutations that disrupt the function of the DNA/RNA-binding protein FUS could cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases. One of the key features in ALS pathogenesis is the formation of insoluble protein aggregates containing aberrant isoforms of the FUS protein in the cytoplasm of upper and lower motor neurons. Reproduction of human pathology in animal models is the main tool for studying FUS-associated pathology and searching for potential therapeutic agents for ALS treatment...

This work was designed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of the typical plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP) using zebrafish larvae as a model. The results of exhibited that zebrafish larvae exposed to DBP at concentrations of 5 μg/L and 10 μg/L exhibited brain malformations (24 h) and behavioral abnormalities (72 h). After 72 hours of exposure to DBP, microglia in the brain were over-activated, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was increased, and apoptosis was observed. Meanwhile, it was found that neurons exhibited impaired mitochondrial structure, absent mitochondrial membrane potential and up-regulated autophagy...

Efforts to genetically reverse C9orf72 pathology have been hampered by our incomplete understanding of the regulation of this complex locus. We generated five different genomic excisions at the C9orf72 locus in a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line and a non-diseased wild-type (WT) line (11 total isogenic lines), and examined gene expression and pathological hallmarks of C9 frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in motor neurons differentiated from these lines. Comparing the excisions in these isogenic series removed the confounding effects of different genomic backgrounds and allowed us to probe the effects of specific genomic changes...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have revealed a correlation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Insulin resistance in the brain is a common feature in patients with T2D and AD. KAT7 is a histone acetyltransferase that participates in the modulation of various genes. AIM: To determine the effects of KAT7 on insulin patients with AD. METHODS: APPswe/PS1-dE9 double-transgenic and db/db mice were used to mimic AD and diabetes, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Marine organisms with sessile adults commonly possess motile larval stages that make settlement decisions based on integrating environmental sensory cues. Phototaxis, the movement toward or away from light, is a common behavioral characteristic of aquatic and marine metazoan larvae, and of algae, protists, and fungi. In cnidarians, behavioral genomic investigations of motile planulae larvae have been conducted in anthozoans (corals and sea anemones) and scyphozoans (true jellyfish), but such studies are presently lacking in hydrozoans...

Neurotoxicological research faces the challenge of linking biological changes resulting from exposures to neuronal function. An additional challenge is understanding cell-type specific differences and selective vulnerabilities of distinct neuronal populations to toxic insults. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for measurement of the transcriptome of individual cells. This makes it a valuable tool for validating and characterizing cell types present in multicell type samples in complex tissue or cell culture models, but also for understanding how different cell types respond to toxic insults...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder resulting from the complex interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. It represents an impending epidemic and lacks effective pharmacological interventions. The emergence of high throughput sequencing techniques and comprehensive genome evaluation has uncovered a diverse spectrum of non-- coding RNA (ncRNA) families. ncRNAs are the critical modulators of an eclectic array of biological processes and are now transpiring as imperative players in diagnosing and treating various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders...

Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, is one of the most common chromosomal disorders associated with intellectual disability. Mouse models are valuable for mechanistic and therapeutic intervention studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate astroglial anomalies in Dp16, a widely used DS mouse model. Brain sections were prepared from one-month-old Dp16 mice and their littermates, immunostained with an anti-GFAP or anti-S100B antibody, and imaged to reconstruct astroglial morphology in three dimensions...

Exposure to bisphenol S (BPS) is known to adversely affect neuronal development. As pivotal components of neuronal polarization, axons and dendrites are indispensable structures within neurons, crucial for the maintenance of nervous system function. Here, we investigated the impact of BPS exposure on axonal and dendritic development both in vivo and in vitro. Our results revealed that exposure to BPS during pregnancy and lactation led to a reduction in the complexity, density, and length of axons and dendrites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of offspring...

Bupivacaine (BUP) is an anesthetic commonly used in clinical practice that when used for spinal anesthesia, might exert neurotoxic effects. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a member of the α-arrestin protein superfamily that binds covalently to thioredoxin (TRX) to inhibit its function, leading to increased oxidative stress and activation of apoptosis. The role of TXNIP in BUP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis remains to be elucidated. In this context, the present study aimed to explore the effects of TXNIP knockdown on BUP-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the spinal cord of rats and in PC12 cells through the transfection of adeno-associated virus-TXNIP short hairpin RNA (AAV-TXNIP shRNA) and siRNA-TXNIP, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Lymphocyte antigen 96 (LY96) plays an important role in innate immunity and has been reported to be associated with various neurological diseases. However, its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. METHODS: Transcriptome data from a total of 49 patients with PD and 34 healthy controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to analyse the expression pattern of LY96 and its relationship with gene function and immune-related markers...

Proteasomes are critical for peripheral nervous system (PNS) function. Here, we investigate mammalian PNS proteasomes and reveal the presence of the neuronal membrane proteasome (NMP). We show that specific inhibition of the NMP on distal nerve fibers innervating the mouse hind paw leads to reduction in mechanical and pain sensitivity. Through investigating PNS NMPs, we demonstrate their presence on the somata and proximal and distal axons of a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Single-cell RNA sequencing experiments reveal that the NMP-expressing DRGs are primarily MrgprA3+ and Cysltr2+ ...

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant childhood brain tumor. Group 3 MB (Gr3 MB) is considered to have the most metastatic potential, and tailored therapies for Gr3 MB are currently lacking. Gr3 MB is driven by PRUNE-1 amplification or overexpression. In this paper, we found that PRUNE-1 was transcriptionally regulated by lysine demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting both PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A with the selective inhibitors AA7.1 and SP-2577, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and underlying molecular pathways of nicotine for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. METHODS: MPTP was introduced into C57BL/6 male mice to generate a PD model. Regarding in vivo experiments, we performed behavioral tests to estimate the protective effects of nicotine in MPTP-induced PD mice...

We explored the genomic events underlying central neurocytoma (CN), a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system, via multiomics approaches, including whole-exome sequencing, bulk and single-nuclei RNA sequencing, and methylation sequencing. We identified FGFR3 hypomethylation leading to FGFR3 overexpression as a major event in the ontogeny of CN that affects crucial downstream events, such as aberrant PI3K-AKT activity and neuronal development pathways. Furthermore, we found similarities between CN and radial glial cells based on analyses of gene markers and CN tumor cells and postulate that CN tumorigenesis is due to dysregulation of radial glial cell differentiation into neurons...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often attributed to neuronal apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that Laminin subunit gamma 1 (LAMC1) is essential for cell survival and proliferation. However, the effects of LAMC1 on early brain injury after SAH and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The current study aimed to reveal the anti-neuronal apoptotic effect and the potential mechanism of LAMC1 in the rat and in the in vitro SAH models...

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive disorder primarily caused by mutations in Cockayne syndrome protein A (CSA) or B (CSB). While many of the functions of CSB have been at least partially elucidated, little is known about the actual developmental dysregulation in this devasting disorder. Of particular interest is the regulation of cerebral development as the most debilitating symptoms are of neurological nature. We generated neurospheres and cerebral organoids utilizing Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB)-deficient induced pluripotent stem cells derived from two patients with distinct severity levels of CS and healthy controls...