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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shankar C R R Chereddy, Takashi Makino
Metazoan species depict a wide spectrum of regeneration ability which calls into question the evolutionary origins of the underlying processes. Since species with high regeneration ability are widely distributed throughout metazoans, there is a possibility that the metazoan ancestor had an underlying common molecular mechanism. Early metazoans like sponges possess high regenerative ability, but, due to the large differences they have with Cnidaria and Bilateria regarding symmetry and neuronal systems it can be inferred that this regenerative ability is different...
April 23, 2024: Genome Biology and Evolution
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vitoria K Paolillo, Matthew E Ochs, Erik A Lundquist
Neurogenesis involves the precisely coordinated action of genetic programs controlling large-scale neuronal fate specification down to terminal events of neuronal differentiation. The Q neuroblasts in Caenorhabditis elegans, QL on the left and QR on the right, divide, differentiate, and migrate in a similar pattern to produce three neurons each. However, QL on the left migrates posteriorly, and QR on the right migrates anteriorly. The MAB-5/Hox transcription factor is necessary and sufficient for posterior Q lineage migration and is normally expressed only in the QL lineage...
April 23, 2024: Genetics
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan D Louie, Camila M Barrios-Camacho, Benjamin H Bromberg, Constantin A Hintschich, James E Schwob
Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) mediate olfactory epithelium (OE) regeneration following severe tissue injury. The dynamism of the post-injury environment is well illustrated by in silico modeling of RNA sequencing data that demonstrate an evolving HBC transcriptome. Unfortunately, spatiotemporally dynamic processes occurring within HBCs in situ remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HBCs at 24 h post-OE injury spatially redistribute a constellation of proteins, which, in turn, helped to nominate Rac1 as a regulator of HBC differentiation during OE regeneration...
May 17, 2024: IScience
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas Chapman, Joshua Greenwald, Jolee Suddock, Dong Xu, Alexander Markowitz, Maeve Humphrey, Jennifer A Cotter, Mark D Krieger, Debra Hawes, Jianling Ji
Integration of molecular data with histologic, radiologic, and clinical features is imperative for accurate diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNAseq), a genome-wide and non-targeted approach, allows for the detection of novel or rare oncogenic fusion events that contribute to the tumorigenesis of a substantial portion of pediatric low- and high-grade glial and glioneuronal tumors. We present two cases of pediatric glioneuronal tumors occurring in the occipital region with a CLIP2::MET fusion detected by RNAseq...
April 22, 2024: Acta Neuropathologica Communications
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan Z Pan, Zhanqiang Wang, Wei Sun, Peipei Pan, Wei Li, Yongtao Sun, Shoulin Chen, Amity Lin, Wulin Tan, Liangliang He, Jacob Greene, Virginia Yao, Lijun An, Rich Liang, Qifeng Li, Jessica Yu, Lingyi Zhang, Nikolaos Kyritsis, Xuan Duong Fernandez, Sara Moncivais, Esmeralda Mendoza, Pamela Fung, Gongming Wang, Xinhuan Niu, Qihang Du, Zhaoyang Xiao, Yuwen Chang, Peiyuan Lv, J Russell Huie, Abel Torres-Espin, Adam R Ferguson, Debra D Hemmerle, Jason F Talbott, Philip R Weinstein, Lisa U Pascual, Vineeta Singh, Anthony M DiGiorgio, Rajiv Saigal, William D Whetstone, Geoffrey T Manley, Sanjay S Dhall, Jacqueline C Bresnahan, Mervyn Maze, Xiangning Jiang, Neel S Singhal, Michael S Beattie, Hua Su, Zhonghui Guan
BACKGROUND: Although many molecules have been investigated as biomarkers for spinal cord injury (SCI) or ischemic stroke, none of them are specifically induced in central nervous system (CNS) neurons following injuries with low baseline expression. However, neuronal injury constitutes a major pathology associated with SCI or stroke and strongly correlates with neurological outcomes. Biomarkers characterized by low baseline expression and specific induction in neurons post-injury are likely to better correlate with injury severity and recovery, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CNS injuries compared to non-neuronal markers or pan-neuronal markers with constitutive expressions...
April 2024: Clinical and Translational Medicine
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tamer Butto, Monika Chanu Chongtham, Kanak Mungikar, Dewi Hartwich, Matthias Linke, Nicolas Ruffini, Konstantin Radyushkin, Susann Schweiger, Jennifer Winter, Susanne Gerber
Chronic stress has become a predominant factor associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in both human and animal models. Although multiple studies have looked at transcriptional changes after social defeat stress, these studies primarily focus on bulk tissues, which might dilute important molecular signatures of social interaction in activated cells. In this study, we employed the Arc-GFP mouse model in conjunction with chronic social defeat (CSD) to selectively isolate activated nuclei (AN) populations in the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of resilient and susceptible animals...
April 22, 2024: Molecular Psychiatry
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuai Cheng, Hui Guo, Mingyu Bai, Yang Cui, He Tian, Xifan Mei
Spinal-cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition that can lead to limb paralysis and motor dysfunction, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the differential gene expression and molecular mechanisms in the spinal cord of mice three days after spinal cord injury. By analyzing RNA sequencing data, we identified differentially expressed genes and discovered that the immune system and various metabolic processes play crucial roles in SCI. Additionally, we identified UHRF1 as a key gene that plays a significant role in SCI and found that SCI can be improved by suppressing UHRF1...
April 22, 2024: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rei Murakami, Hirotaka Watanabe, Hideko Hashimoto, Mayu Kashiwagi-Hakozaki, Tadafumi Hashimoto, Celeste M Karch, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Hideyuki Okano
Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene affect the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOE Christchurch ( APOE Ch) variant has been identified as the most prominent candidate for preventing the onset and progression of AD. In this study, we generated isogenic APOE3 Ch/ 3 Ch human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from APOE3 / 3 healthy control female iPSCs and induced them into astrocytes. RNA expression analysis revealed the inherent resilience of APOE3 Ch/ 3 Ch astrocytes to induce a reactive state in response to inflammatory cytokines...
April 22, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antipsychotic-induced epigenomic reorganization in frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia.
Bohan Zhu, Richard I Ainsworth, Zengmiao Wang, Zhengzhi Liu, Salvador Sierra, Chengyu Deng, Luis F Callado, J Javier Meana, Wei Wang, Chang Lu, Javier González-Maeso
Genome-wide association studies have revealed >270 loci associated with schizophrenia risk, yet these genetic factors do not seem to be sufficient to fully explain the molecular determinants behind this psychiatric condition. Epigenetic marks such as post-translational histone modifications remain largely plastic during development and adulthood, allowing a dynamic impact of environmental factors, including antipsychotic medications, on access to genes and regulatory elements. However, few studies so far have profiled cell-specific genome-wide histone modifications in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia subjects, or the effect of antipsychotic treatment on such epigenetic marks...
April 22, 2024: ELife
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Keiramarie Robertson, Oliver Hahn, Beatriz G Robinson, Arwa T Faruk, Mathangi Janakiraman, Hong Namkoong, Kwangkon Kim, Jiayu Ye, Estelle Spear Bishop, Randy A Hall, Tony Wyss-Coray, Laren S Becker, Julia A Kaltschmidt
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is contained within two layers of the gut wall and is made up of neurons, immune cells, and enteric glia cells (EGCs) that regulate gastrointestinal (GI) function. EGCs in both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) change in response to inflammation, referred to as reactive gliosis. Whether EGCs restricted to a specific layer or region within the GI tract alone can influence intestinal immune response is unknown. Using bulk RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization, we identify G-protein coupled receptor Gpr37 , as a gene expressed only in EGCs of the myenteric plexus, one of the two layers of the ENS...
April 12, 2024: bioRxiv
#11
Jing Liu, Federica Mosti, Hanzhi T Zhao, Jesus E Sotelo-Fonseca, Carla F Escobar-Tomlienovich, Davoneshia Lollis, Camila M Musso, Yiwei Mao, Abdull J Massri, Hannah M Doll, Andre M Sousa, Gregory A Wray, Ewoud Schmidt, Debra L Silver
Humans evolved an extraordinarily expanded and complex cerebral cortex, associated with developmental and gene regulatory modifications 1-3 . Human accelerated regions (HARs) are highly conserved genomic sequences with human-specific nucleotide substitutions. Although there are thousands of annotated HARs, their functional contribution to human-specific cortical development is largely unknown 4,5 . HARE5 is a HAR transcriptional enhancer of the WNT signaling receptor Frizzled8 (FZD8) active during brain development 6 ...
April 11, 2024: bioRxiv
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Spatial enrichment and genomic analyses reveal the link of NOMO1 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Jingyan Guo, Linya You, Yu Zhou, Jiali Hu, Jiahao Li, Wanli Yang, Xuelin Tang, Yimin Sun, Yuqi Gu, Yi Dong, Xi Chen, Christine Sato, Lorne Zinman, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Jian Wang, Yan Chen, Ming Zhang
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe motor neuron disease with uncertain genetic predisposition in most sporadic cases. Spatial architecture of cell types and gene expression is the basis of cell-cell interactions, biological function and disease pathology, but is not well investigated in human motor cortex, a key ALS relevant brain region. Recent studies indicated single nucleus transcriptomic features of motor neuron vulnerability in ALS motor cortex. However, it remains largely unclear what is the brain regional vulnerability of ALS-associated genes, and what is the genetic link between region-specific genes and ALS risk...
April 20, 2024: Brain
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinyi Zhou, Qian Xiao, Yaohui Liu, Shuai Chen, Xirong Xu, Zhigang Zhang, Yuchuan Hong, Jie Shao, Yuewen Chen, Yu Chen, Liping Wang, Fan Yang, Jie Tu
Assessing and responding to threats is vital in everyday life. Unfortunately, many mental illnesses involve impaired risk assessment, affecting patients, families, and society. The brain processes behind these behaviors are not well understood. We developed a transgenic mouse model (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 [DISC1]-N) with a disrupted avoidance response in risky settings. Our study utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing and path-clamp coupling with real-time RT-PCR to uncover a previously undescribed group of glutamatergic neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) marked by Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) expression, whose activity is modulated by adjacent astrocytes...
April 16, 2024: Neuron
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolan Li, Qin Ran, Xiang He, Dan Peng, Anying Xiong, Manling Jiang, Lei Zhang, Junyi Wang, Lingling Bai, Shengbin Liu, Shiyue Li, Baoqing Sun, Guoping Li
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have revealed that PM2.5 plays a role in regulating iron metabolism and redox homeostasis in the brain, which is closely associated with ferroptosis. In this study, the role and underlying mechanism of ferroptosis in PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in mice, primary hippocampal neurons, and HT22 cells. Our findings demonstrated that exposure to PM2...
April 19, 2024: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiyao Liu, Caiqing Zheng, Yuange Duan
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, resembling A-to-G mutation, confers adaptiveness by increasing proteomic diversity in a temporal-spatial manner. This evolutionary theory named "proteomic diversifying hypothesis" has only partially been tested in very few organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, mainly by observing the positive selection on nonsynonymous editing events. To find additional genome-wide evidences supporting this interesting assumption, we retrieved the genomes of four Drosophila species and collected 20 deep-sequenced transcriptomes of different developmental stages and neuron populations of D...
April 20, 2024: Molecular Genetics and Genomics: MGG
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evan Udine, Mariely DeJesus-Hernandez, Shulan Tian, Sofia Pereira das Neves, Richard Crook, NiCole A Finch, Matthew C Baker, Cyril Pottier, Neill R Graff-Radford, Bradley F Boeve, Ronald C Petersen, David S Knopman, Keith A Josephs, Björn Oskarsson, Sandro Da Mesquita, Leonard Petrucelli, Tania F Gendron, Dennis W Dickson, Rosa Rademakers, Marka van Blitterswijk
The most prominent genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a repeat expansion in the gene C9orf72. Importantly, the transcriptomic consequences of the C9orf72 repeat expansion remain largely unclear. Here, we used short-read RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to profile the cerebellar transcriptome, detecting alterations in patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. We focused on the cerebellum, since key C9orf72-related pathologies are abundant in this neuroanatomical region, yet TDP-43 pathology and neuronal loss are minimal...
April 19, 2024: Acta Neuropathologica
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xudong Zhou, Huiping Song, Jingjing He, Wei Han, Qin Li
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant public health challenge. Recovery from brain injury necessitates the collaborative efforts of various resident neural cells, predominantly microglia. The present study analyzed rat and mouse RNA expression micro‑arrays, high‑throughput RNA sequencing and single‑cell sequencing data sourced from public databases. To construct an inflammation regulation network around TYRO protein tyrosine kinase‑binding protein (TYROBP), to evaluate the role of TYROBP in cell death after TBI...
June 2024: Molecular Medicine Reports
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yingqi Li, Jinjin Duan, You Li, Meihui Zhang, Jiaan Wu, Guanhao Wang, Shuanqing Li, Zhangsen Hu, Yi Qu, Yunhe Li, Xiran Hu, Fei Guo, Lining Cao, Jianfeng Lu
BACKGROUND: The detailed transcriptomic profiles during human serotonin neuron (SN) differentiation remain elusive. The establishment of a reporter system based on SN terminal selector holds promise to produce highly-purified cells with an early serotonergic fate and help elucidate the molecular events during human SN development process. METHODS: A fifth Ewing variant (FEV)-EGFP reporter system was established by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to indicate SN since postmitotic stage...
April 19, 2024: Stem Cell Research & Therapy
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei-Hua Jin, Lin Feng, Hong-Yi Xiang, Hu-Nan Sun, Ying-Hao Han, Taeho Kwon
BACKGROUND: Neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly recognized for their association with oxidative stress, which leads to progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons, manifesting in cognitive and motor impairments. This study aimed to elucidate the neuroprotective role of peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) in counteracting oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, a key pathological feature of neurodegeneration. METHODS: We investigated the impact of Prx II deficiency on endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction using HT22 cell models with knocked down and overexpressed Prx II...
April 18, 2024: Cell Communication and Signaling: CCS
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenny Zhe Liao, Hyung-Lok Chung, Claire Shih, Kenneth Kin Lam Wong, Debdeep Dutta, Zelha Nil, Catherine Grace Burns, Oguz Kanca, Ye-Jin Park, Zhongyuan Zuo, Paul C Marcogliese, Katherine Sew, Hugo J Bellen, Esther M Verheyen
Cdk8 in Drosophila is the orthologue of vertebrate CDK8 and CDK19. These proteins have been shown to modulate transcriptional control by RNA polymerase II. We found that neuronal loss of Cdk8 severely reduces fly lifespan and causes bang sensitivity. Remarkably, these defects can be rescued by expression of human CDK19, found in the cytoplasm of neurons, suggesting a non-nuclear function of CDK19/Cdk8. Here we show that Cdk8 plays a critical role in the cytoplasm, with its loss causing elongated mitochondria in both muscles and neurons...
April 18, 2024: Nature Communications
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