NIDDM platelet

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by an association of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk factors. Although the definition of MetS slightly differs depending on the society that described it, its central diagnostic criteria include impaired fasting glucose, low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides levels and high blood pressure. Insulin resistance (IR) is believed to be the main cause of MetS and is connected to the level of visceral or intra-abdominal adipose tissue, which could be assessed either by calculating body mass index or by measuring waist circumference...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is considered a multisystem disease and there is a strong association with cardiovascular disease and arterial hypertension, which interfere with changes in the coagulation system. Coagulation disorders are common in patients with hepatic impairment and are dependent on the degree of liver damage. Through a review of the literature, we consider and discuss possible disorders in the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis, endothelial dysfunction and platelet abnormalities in patients with NAFLD...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical structures of cell membrane origin, ranging in the size from 40 nm to 5000 nm. They are involved in the horizontal transfer of many proteins and microRNAs. The mechanisms EV internalization include clathrin-dependent endocytosis, caveolin-dependent endocytosis, raft-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common group of metabolic disorders in adults; the incidence and prevalence increase in parallel with the obesity epidemic...

The therapeutic efficacy of clopidogrel as an anti-platelet drug varies among individuals, being the mainstream hypothesis that its bioavailability depends on the individual genetic background and/or interactions with other drugs. A total of 477 patients receiving double anti-aggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, after suffering a first event, were followed for 1 year to record relapse, as a surrogate end point to measure their therapeutic response, as defined by presenting with an acute coronary event (unstable angina, STEMI, or NSTEMI), stent thrombosis/restenosis or cardiac mortality...

OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) could cause rheological disorder, such as platelet aggregation and blood hyperviscosity. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could decrease collagen as platelet aggregation agonist. This study aimed to explore the effect of HBO treatment to platelet aggregation parameters (latency time(LT), aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage) with the collagen aggregator in the noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). METHODS: The number of subjects in this study were 16 for each group normoxia normobaric (NONB) and HBO...

OBJECTIVE: Through experiment on animals and clinical trials to explore the safety and efficacy of hypoglycemic anti-deafness capsules on diabetic patients with deafness. METHODS: Total 296 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were randomly divided into two groups. A treatment group of 164 patients (208 ears) was treated with hypoglycemic anti-deafness capsules based on TCM syndrome differentiation. A control group of 132 patients (184 ears) was treated with glibenclamide and conventional drug treatment for deafness...

Binding studies have shown that human platelets contain binding sites for insulin with a surface density similar to that described for other cells.(1) Evidence for a reduced number and affinity of human platelet membrane insulin binding sites in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has been provided.(2) However, the influence of insulin and insulin receptors on platelet function has not been completely investigated and clarified. Falcon et al(3) reported phosphorylation of a subunit of the insulin receptor on platelets in response to insulin, but no alterations were detected in cAMP formation or degradation, inositol phosphate formation or phosphorylation of proteins other than the receptor itself...

Intraplatelet magnesium concentrations were evaluated in 50 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients divided into two groups of 25 each (<60 or >65 years) and in a control group of 30 healthy subjects, divided into two age-matched subgroups of 15 each. In all patients magnesium concentrations were assayed in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets by means of direct current plasma spectrometry. Plasma, erythrocyte and platelet magnesium levels in healthy elderly subjects were found to be comparable to those in the group of younger healthy subjects, whereas plasma, erythrocyte and platelet magnesium levels in diabetics were lower than in controls...

Blood coagulation studies showed that patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) had significantly higher fibrinogen, FVIII:C, ristocetin co-factor, FV, FIX, lower ATIII, and PCV than those with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Diabetics with IDDM had a significantly higher ATIII, ristocetin co-factor, lower plasminogen and alpa-2-antiplasmin, and more enhanced platelet aggregation responses to ristocetin than age-matched controls. Patients with NIDDM as compared with controls, exhibited higher levels of fibrinogen, ristocetin co-factor, FVIII:C, FIX, and platelet count, but lower plasminogen, alpha-2-antiplasmin and PCV, reduced platelet aggragability to collage, ADP, and ristocetin...

Intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in platelets of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has been reported to be altered, leading to an increased adhesiveness and spontaneous aggregation. Among the disturbed Ca2+ mechanism in platelets from NIDDM subjects, a reduced Ca2+ extrusion by the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is especially relevant, maintaining an elevated cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration that results in platelet hypersensitivity. Here we show that treatment of platelets from NIDDM patients with 300 U/mL catalase or 5 mM D-mannitol, which prevent H2O2- and hydroxyl radicals-mediated oxidative stress, respectively, increases Ca2+ extrusion after treatment with thapsigargin (TG) plus ionomycin (Iono)...

We previously reported the effects of diet, sulphonylureas or insulin on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, phosphoinositide metabolism and protein phosphorylation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. To clarify the mechanism of glyburide and insulin on platelet function, here we studied the in vitro effects of glyburide and insulin on thrombin-induced metabolic changes using normal human platelets. Platelet aggregation stimulated with <0.5 U/ml thrombin, 0.75-3 microM adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or 1 microg/ml collagen was significantly lower in glyburide-treated platelets, but not in insulin-treated platelets, than in untreated ones (control)...

A group of 29 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was compared with a group of 19 patients who had good glycemic control for platelet activity and hydrogen peroxide formation. NIDDM patients showed platelet hyperactivity in response to low ADP concentrations. In addition, stimulated platelets from untreated NIDDM patients produced more hydrogen peroxide than platelets of treated and normal subjects. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation was not related to modification of the enzymatic systems involved in its synthesis and break-down...

The metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with insulin resistance and has been recognized as a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as visceral obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Recently, insulin resistance in the absence of overt diabetes or the metabolic syndrome itself has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, one of the initial steps in the process of atherosclerosis. Postprandial hyperglycemia, one of the characteristic features of insulin resistance, induces oxidative stress generation and elicits vascular inflammation and platelet activation, thus being involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis...

We have investigated the involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in the abnormal platelet Ca(2+) homeostasis in patients with non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In a medium containing 180 mg/dL glucose, platelets from NIDDM patients showed an increased SOCE compared to controls. We found that tyrosine phosphorylation was elevated in platelets from NIDDM patients. Consistent with this, the activity of the tyrosine kinase pp60(src) is enhanced in platelets from diabetic patients. When the experiments were performed in a medium containing 90 mg/dL both, SOCE and pp60(src) activity, were similar to those found in control platelets...

The treatment of NIDDM is advancing on a number of fronts, ranging from the understanding of the mechanisms of action of existing agents to the development of new drugs. Glimepiride, the most recently U.S. approved sulfonylurea, is evaluated for its pancreatic and extrapancreatic activities in addition to safety, when compared with glibenclamide in preclinical studies. Glimepiride uniquely binds to the 65 kDa protein K(ATP) channel in pancreatic islet beta-cell membranes and directly stimulates insulin secretion...

BACKGROUND: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), being characterized by a continuous low-grade inflammation and endothelial activation state. Plasma platelet - activating factor - acetylhydrolases (PAF-AHs) are a subgroup of Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) family (also known as lipoprotein-associated phospholipases A(2)) that hydrolyze and inactivate the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) and/or oxidized phospholipids...

AIM: To evaluate the levels of nitrite (NO(-)(2)) and nitrate (NO(-)(3)) ions and the incorporation of [(3)H]arachidonic acid (AA) into phospholipids of platelet membranes from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with and without diabetes (NIDDM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen CAD patients (group A), 18 CAD patients with NIDDM (group B), and 20 healthy controls (group C) without dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension were included in the study...

Increased platelet reactivity has been implicated in the vascular complications of myeloproliferative diseases and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms of platelet hyperresponsiveness have not been fully explained. Expression of CD36 or fatty acid translocase (FAT) and its role in arachidonic acid (AA) uptake by platelets were examined in subjects with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and in normal, healthy, age-matched controls. Surface expression of CD36 on platelet membranes was increased in MPD (10...

Von Willebrand factor, a multimeric glycoprotein synthesized mainly by endothelial cells, is involved in platelet adhesion and aggregation and has an important role in the process of angiogenesis. Increased levels of von Willebrand factor, reflecting activation or damage of endothelial cells, have been described in association with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We investigated the relationships of two polymorphisms (-1793G/C and Thr789Ala) in the von Willebrand factor gene with PDR. Genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reactions with subsequent restrictions with specific endonucleases...

Twenty-one cases of acute cerebral infarction secondary to NIDDM were treated with acupuncture and conventional therapy, and compared with 16 cases treated with conventional therapy alone. The results showed that acupuncture was more effective in reducing insulin and glucagon levels (P < 0.001) and improving hypercoagulability (P < 0.05) of blood.