anemia sepsis

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have demonstrated multifaceted pharmacological effects. In addition to type 2 diabetes, they are now indicated for heart failure and chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to identify novel associations between SGLT2i use and health outcomes using real-world data. Using linked data from a nationwide diabetes registry in Australia, we compared hospitalization rates in people living with type 2 diabetes commencing treatment with SGLT2i and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) between December 1, 2013, and June 30, 2019...

INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of literature that examines how the abnormal spinopelvic alignment of scoliosis affects outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the absence of a lumbar fusion. METHODS: Patients with a history of scoliosis (idiopathic, adolescent, degenerative, or juvenile) without fusion and those without a history of scoliosis who underwent primary THA were identified using a large national database. Ninety-day incidence of various medical complications, emergency department (ED) visit, and readmission and 1-year incidence of surgery-related complications and cost of care were evaluated in both the scoliosis and control cohorts...

OBJECTIVES: Maternal complications are health challenges linked to pregnancy, encompassing conditions like gestational diabetes, maternal sepsis, sexually transmitted diseases, obesity, anemia, urinary tract infections, hypertension, and heart disease. The diagnosis of common pregnancy complications is challenging due to the similarity in signs and symptoms with general pregnancy indicators, especially in settings with scarce resources where access to healthcare professionals, diagnostic tools, and patient record management is limited...

BACKGROUND: Investigation of maternal near-misses is useful for monitoring and evaluating the quality of obstetrics care services. Despite its importance, data has been limited in Arsi Zone public hospitals. OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude of maternal near-miss and associated factors in Arsi Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. METHOD: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 327 study participants from December 2021 to June 2022...

BACKGROUND: Differences in outcomes among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan have been noted, prompting the need for quality improvement. AIM: To assess a comprehensive quality improvement program on outcomes in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN: A cluster-randomized clinical trial. SUBJECTS: Forty hospitals and VLBW infants born in 2012-2014 and admitted to those hospitals were study subjects...

Cytopenia is a common finding in patients admitted to internal medicine wards and the clinical workup may be long and time-consuming. In this single-center observational study, we analyzed a series of 151 inpatients who received hematologist referral due to cytopenia observed during hospital admission. Patients were mainly elderly (median 71 years, 15-96) and 87% had at least one comorbidity. Anemia was the most common cytopenia (91%), followed by thrombocytopenia (51%), and neutropenia (22%); 73 (48%) patients had a bicytopenia and 5 (3%) pancytopenia...

PURPOSE: The goal is to identify risk factors associated with receiving a blood transfusion during the perioperative period in patients who undergo total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) using a large-scale national database. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was utilized to review the medical records of all patients who underwent TLH from 2010 to 2019. The researchers identified patients who had received a blood transfusion during the perioperative period and compared with those who had not...

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a commonly used diuretic antihypertensive drug that can cause electrolyte disorders, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia as well as rare life-threatening adverse drug reactions. These include non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonia, angioedema and aplastic anemia. The present report describes a case of a 59-year-old man who developed a hypersensitivity reaction to HCTZ. Specifically, the patient presented with symptoms of cough, chest tightness and shortness of breath, with pneumonic consolidation on chest CT and elevated levels of white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of repeat-hospitalization amongst neonates with gestation <32 wk or birth weight <1500 g within 6 mo of birth. METHODS: All live births with gestation <32 wk or birth weight <1500 g born at a level-III NICU were prospectively enrolled and followed up through routine visits, multimedia and telephonically, fortnightly for re-hospitalization details till 6 mo of postnatal age. Main outcome measures were incidence, causes and risk factors for repeat-hospitalization...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical gastrointestinal emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality risks, especially for very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, and unclear multifactorial pathophysiology. Whether common treatments for VLBW infants increase the NEC risk remains controversial. Indomethacin (utilized for patent ductus arteriosus) offers benefits but is concerning because of its vasoconstrictive impact on NEC susceptibility. Similarly, corticosteroids used to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia may increase vulnerability to NEC by compromising immunity and altering the mesenteric blood flow...

BACKGROUND: Acute blood loss anemia is the most common form of anemia and often results from traumatic injuries or gastrointestinal bleeding. There are limited studies analyzing outcomes associated with acute blood loss anemia in hospitalized patients. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was analyzed from 2010-2014 (n=133,809). The impact of acute blood loss anemia on in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), healthcare cost, and disposition was determined using regression modeling adjusted for age, gender, race, and comorbidities...

BACKGROUND Traditionally, penile implant infections have been treated by removal followed by immediate or delayed replacement. The use of antibiotics in conservative therapy has recently attracted attention. CASE REPORT We report our experience with 4 cases of infected penile implants managed conservatively. Case 1 was a 41-year-old with sickle cell anemia who presented with low-grade fever and purulent discharge that started 1 month postoperatively and lasted for 3 weeks. He had left graft after fibrotic tissue excision with 14-mm collection in the left corpus cavernosum...

BACKGROUND: Since iron is crucial for many tissue processes, we, therefore, aimed to assess ferritin and the zinc protoporphyrin to heme ratio (ZnPP/H) as indicators of iron status in preterm newborns, particularly during certain inflammatory episodes. METHODS: From 170 preterm babies, paired ferritin and ZnPP/H measurements were collected twice (on the first postnatal day and six weeks later). To compare these measures and assess the impact of anemia, sepsis, and packed red blood cell transfusion (PRBT), three different scenarios were considered...

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic disorder which occurs on a background of bone marrow failure (BMF). In PNH, chronic intravascular hemolysis causes an increase in morbidity and mortality, mainly due to thromboses. Over the last 20 years treatment of PNH has focused on the complement protein C5 to prevent intravascular hemolysis using the monoclonal antibody eculizumab and more recently ravulizumab. In the UK, all patients are under review at one of two reference centers...

Sepsis causes immune dysregulation and endotheliitis, with an increase in mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM). The aim of the study is to determine an MR-proADM value that, in addition to clinical diagnosis, can identify patients with localized infection or those with sepsis/septic shock, with specific organ damage or with the need for intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and prognosis. The secondary aim is to correlate the MR-proADM value with the length of stay (LOS). In total, 301 subjects with sepsis (124/301 with septic shock) and 126 with localized infection were retrospectively included...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae . Immunization and antimicrobial prophylaxis may prevent this complication, and landmark clinical trials support discontinuation of antimicrobial prophylaxis at age 5 years. However, antimicrobial prophylaxis continues in some patients indefinitely. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of culture-positive IPD and other infections in the setting of penicillin prophylaxis in the pediatric SCD population...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis patients have a high mortality rate and are frequently anemic. The importance of early detection and blood transfusion treatment cannot be overstated. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature was conducted to evaluate the association between hemoglobin and the prognosis of patients with sepsis. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) databases were searched from inception to May 21, 2023...

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasculoproliferative disorder of immature retina, seen in preterm babies. Multiple risk factors attribute to this condition. Our aim was to correlate the role of any early neonatal surgeries with low gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) on preterm babies as a risk factor on the progression of ROP. METHODS: A prospective, cohort study conducted in a hospital in South India over 3 years, including 600 babies with GA <35 weeks and BW <2500 g...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the clinical course of a newborn with congenital scrub typhus caused by vertical transmission and explore early diagnosis and treatment strategies. The clinical data of the neonate were retrospectively analyzed and the related literature was reviewed. CASE PRESENTATION: The newborn was a full-term one, with a good Apgar score at birth. The neonate had apnea at 3 h of life, requiring NICU care and IV antibiotics (piperacillin) for suspected sepsis...

BACKGROUND: Castleman disease (CD), also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia or large lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare medical condition. Despite its rarity, it exhibits diverse clinical presentations and outcomes, which pose challenges for comprehensive understanding and management. This study aims to shed light on the demographics, associations, and outcomes of CD by conducting a retrospective analysis. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample (US) was used to identify patients with the diagnosis of Castleman disease using ICD-10 diagnosis code D47...