Looping

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the de novo transformation of nucleoside 5'-di(tri)phosphates [ND(T)Ps, where N is A, U, C, or G] to their corresponding deoxynucleotides. Despite the diversity of factors required for function and the low sequence conservation across RNRs, a unifying apparatus consolidating RNR activity is explored. We combine aspects of the protein subunit simplicity of class II RNR with a modified version of Escherichia coli class la photoRNRs that initiate radical chemistry with light to engineer a mimic of a class II enzyme...

In this article, a novel adaptive control method based on neural networks is proposed for a class of multiagent systems (MASs) with nonlinear functions and external disturbances. First, the approximation properties of neural networks are used to approximate the MAS partial differential equation (PDE) model with nonlinear terms containing two variables, time t, and spatial variable x. Second, an adaptive controller is constructed to actuate the parabolic MAS to reach consensus under external disturbances. Based on this, the finite-time theorem and special inequalities are applied to prove the stability of the closed-loop system...

A pinning-based self-regulation intermediate event-triggered (ET) funnel tracking control strategy is proposed for uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs). Based on the backstepping framework, a pinning control strategy is designed to achieve the tracking control objective, which only uses the communication weight between the agents without additional feedback parameters. Moreover, by designing a self-regulation triggered condition based on the tracking error, the intermediate triggered signal is calculated to replace the continuous signal in the controller, so as to achieve the goal of discontinuous update of the controller signal, and this mechanism does not need to add additional compensation function to the controller signal...

In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the completeness, readability, and syntactic complexity of cardiovascular disease prevention information produced by GPT-4 in response to 4 kinds of prompts.

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a class III histone deacetylase that is highly conserved from bacteria to mammals. We prepared and characterized the wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) domain of human SIRT2 (hSIRT2) using various biophysical methods and evaluated their deacetylation activity. We found that WT hSIRT2 HDAC (residues 52-357) forms a homodimer in a concentration-dependent manner with a dimer-monomer dissociation constant of 8.3 ± 0.5 μM, which was determined by mass spectrometry...

We have prepared a bis(compartmental) Mannich base ligand H4 L (1,4,8,11-tetraaza-1,4,8,11-tetrakis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)cyclotetradecane) specifically designed to obtain bis(TMII LnIII ) tetranuclear complexes (TM = transition metal). In this regard, we have succeeded in obtaining three new complexes of the formula [Zn2 (μ-L)(μ-OAc)Dy2 (NO3 )2 ]·[Zn2 (μ-L)(μ-OAc)Dy2 (NO3 )(OAc)]·4CHCl3 ·2MeOH (1) and [TM2 (μ-H2 L)2 (μ-succinate)Ln2 (NO3 )2 ] (NO3 )2 ·2H2 O·6MeOH (TMII = Zn, LnIII = Dy (2); TMII = Co, LnIII = Dy (3))...

Mitochondrial DNA is a valuable tool for population genetics and evolutionary studies in a wide range of organisms. With advancements in sequencing techniques, it's now possible to gain deeper insights into this molecule. By understanding how many genes there are, how they're organized within the molecule, identifying the presence of spacers, and analyzing the composition of the D-Loop, we can better grasp the rearrangements that play a crucial role in the evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial DNA. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses benefit significantly from having access to a larger pool of mtDNA genes...

We report the high-resolution NMR solution-state structure of an intramolecular G-quadruplex with a diagonal loop of ten nucleotides. The G-quadruplex is formed by a 34-nt DNA sequence, d[CAG3T2A2G3TATA2CT3AG4T2AG3T2], named UpsB-Q-1. This sequence is found within promoters of the var genes of Plasmodium falciparum, which play a key role in malaria pathogenesis and evasion of the immune system. The [3+1]-hybrid G-quadruplex formed under physiologically relevant conditions exhibits a unique equilibrium between two structures, both stabilized by base stacking and non-canonical hydrogen bonding...

BACKGROUND: Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid found in plants, has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. However, its exact mechanisms of action in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still not fully understood, particularly its role in regulating broader genomic networks and specific gene targets. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in NSCLC treated with luteolin, using A549 cells as a model system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: miRNA profiling was conducted on luteolin-treated A549 cells using Exiqon microarrays, with validation of selected miRNAs by qRT-PCR...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), which results in significant economic losses in the global cattle industry. Fortunately, various diagnostic methods available for BVDV have been established. They include etiological methods, such as virus isolation (VI); serological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC); molecular methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and CRISPR-Cas system; and biosensors...

Bioelectronic medicine are an emerging class of treatments aiming to modulate body nervous activity to correct pathological conditions and restore health. Recently, it was shown that the high frequency electrical neuromodulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN), a small branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve that connects the carotid body (CB) to the brain, restores metabolic function in type 2 diabetes (T2D) animal models highlighting its potential as a new therapeutic modality to treat metabolic diseases in humans...

Macrophages are tissue resident innate phagocytic cells that take on contrasting phenotypes, or polarization states, in response to the changing combination of microbial and cytokine signals at sites of infection. During the opening stages of an infection, macrophages adopt the proinflammatory, highly antimicrobial M1 state, later shifting to an anti-inflammatory, pro-tissue repair M2 state as the infection resolves. The changes in gene expression underlying these transitions are primarily governed by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) transcription factors, the activity of which must be carefully controlled to ensure an effective yet spatially and temporally restricted inflammatory response...

The abnormal aggregation of extracellular amyloid-<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mspace/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> in senile plaques resulting in calcium <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mfenced><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced></mml:math> dyshomeostasis is one of the primary symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

The condition of bimaxillary protrusion is commonly seen by orthodontic practitioners in the course of our daily clinical work. It is characterized by both jaws being forwardly placed and increased prominence of the teeth along with lips. When there is a severe bimaxillary protrusion, it can be challenging to correct it effectively with maximum anchorage. In patients with protrusions or crowding, extraction therapy is often necessary. There are two ways to retract anteriors during extraction space closure: friction or frictionless...

This case report describes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in an infant with a history of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). TTTS is a volume imbalance where the anastomosis at the vascular equator between the two placentae shifts from the donor to the recipient twin. This causes a higher risk for NEC, a marked inflammation caused by bacterial infection into the intestinal wall, from prematurity and intestinal hypoperfusion. Complications include sepsis, bowel necrosis, perforation, peritonitis, and death...

Dihalogenated nitrophenols (2,6-DHNPs), an emerging group of aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) detected in drinking water, have limited available information regarding their persistence and toxicological risks. The present study found that 2,6-DHNPs are resistant to major drinking water treatment processes (sedimentation and filtration) and households methods (boiling, filtration, microwave irradiation, and ultrasonic cleaning). To further assess their health risks, we conducted a series of toxicology studies using zebrafish embryos as the model organism...

Acetazolamide and thiazide diuretics have been combined with loop diuretics to overcome diuretic resistance in heart failure patients. However, recent studies have assessed the upfront combination of acetazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide with loop diuretics in hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure without loop diuretic resistance. We reviewed two recent randomized controlled trials on the upfront use of acetazolamide and thiazide diuretics in acute decompensated heart failure, respectively...

AIMS: Pressure-volume (PV) loops have utility in the evaluation of cardiac pathophysiology but require invasive measurements. Recently, a time-varying elastance model to derive PV loops non-invasively was proposed, using left ventricular (LV) volume by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and brachial cuff pressure as inputs. Validation was performed using CMR and pressure measurements acquired on the same day, but not simultaneously, and without varying pre-loads. This study validates the non-invasive elastance model used to estimate PV loops at varying pre-loads, compared with simultaneous measurements of invasive pressure and volume from real-time CMR, acquired concurrent to an inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion...

Data and indicator estimates are considered vital to document persisting challenges in maternal and newborn health and track progress towards global goals. However, prioritization of standardised, comparable quantitative data can preclude the collection of locally relevant information and pose overwhelming burdens in low-resource settings, with negative effects on the provision of quality of care. A growing body of qualitative studies aims to provide a place-based understanding of the complex processes and human experiences behind the generation and use of maternal and neonatal health data...