Glycerol monolaurate

The principal purpose of this research was to study the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the production performance; egg quality; health state of the oviduct, ovary and ileum; and gut microbiota of laying hens in the later stage. The laying hens were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group and an experiment group, for which 1000 mg/kg of GML was added to a control diet. The results showed that GML increased the laying rate, average egg weight, albumen height, yolk color and Haugh unit and decreased the feed conversion ratio and defective eggs ( p < 0...

Cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) is imperative for transfusion therapy, while cryoprotectants are essential to protect RBCs from cryoinjury under freezing temperatures. Trehalose has been considered as a biocompatible cryoprotectant that naturally accumulates in organisms to tolerate anhydrobiosis and cryobiosis. Herein, we report a feasible protocol that enables glycerol-free cryopreservation of human RBCs by integration of the synthesized trehalose lipids and dissociative trehalose through ice tuning and membrane stabilization...

Groupers with an initial body weight of 9.10 ± 0.03 g were selected to investigate whether dietary addition of 0 (G0) and 1800 mg/kg glycerol monolaurate (GML, G1800) could alleviate the oxidative stress response and intestinal flora imbalance after 0, 6, 12, and 24 h of salinity change in grouper. Experimental results show that the dietary addition of GML significantly reduced the liver MDA content and increased the SOD activity of grouper. The gene expression of CAT and SOD increased and then decreased with time after adding 1800 mg/kg GML, and the highest values were significantly higher than those of the control group...

Octyl and decyl glycerate (ODG), a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), is widely used as a food additive. Medium-chain monoglycerides, such as glycerol monolaurate and glycerol monocaprylate, were found to change the composition of the gut microbiota and influence glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, whether ODG influences the gut microbiota and whether the alteration in the gut microbiota contributes to the metabolic phenotype remain unknown. Under a normal-chow diet, mice were treated with or without different dosages of ODG (150, 800, 1600 mg kg-1 ) for 22 weeks...

A total of 350 weanling pigs (DNA 400 × 200; initially, 5.67 ± 0.06 kg BW) were used in a 42-day study with 5 pigs per pen and 14 replicate pens per treatment. At weaning, pigs were allotted to pens in a completely randomized design and pens of pigs were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: 1) negative control ( CON ; standard nursery diet containing only 150 ppm Zn from trace mineral premix and no acidifier); 2) control diet with 3,000 ppm added zinc from ZnO included in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm added zinc from ZnO included in phase 2 (ZnO) ; 3) control diet with 0...

Glycerol monolaurate (GML), one of the medium-chain fatty acid esters, is often used as an emulsifier or preservative. Its biological functions include antibacterial and antiviral activities. In this study, we examined the effects of dietary GML on the resistance of the red claw crayfish to WSSV infection. Crayfish fed with 4 g/kg GML showed higher survival rate and lower WSSV copy numbers than the control after WSSV infection. A RT-qPCR analysis showed that GML supplementation enhanced the expression of immune-related genes, especially JAK and caspase...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of essential oil coated with glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and serum profiles of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 144 weaned piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), average weight 8.07 ± 3.33 kg] were randomly assigned to three groups with six replicate pens and eight piglets per pen: (1) CON: a corn-soybean basal diet; (2) LEG: with 1,000 mg/kg essential oil coated with GML; and (3) HEG: with 2,000 mg/kg essential oil coated with GML...

In a context where the search for plant-derived additives is a hot topic, glycerol monolaurate (GML) was chosen as our subject to study its effect on grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Seven gradient levels of GML (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000, and 3600 mg/kg) were used for the experiment. Based on our experiments, 1800 mg/kg GML significantly increased the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR). GML increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA)...

The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance and immune enhancement of pseudorabies virus (PRV)-inactivated vaccine in the early-weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty-five 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, no vaccine and no challenge), challenge control group (C-CON), inactivated PRV vaccine group (IPV), IPV + 500 mg/kg GML group (L-GML), and IPV + 1,000 mg/kg GML group (H-GML) during the entire 28-day experimental period...

Ferrous sulfate is one type of iron that is commonly used in iron supplementation and fortification in food products, but it has low stability and an unfavorable flavor, causing its use to be limited. Encapsulation in a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system is one technology that offers stable active compound protection and a good delivery system; however, a solid lipid matrix should be selected which has good health effects, such as glycerol monolaurate or monolaurin. The purpose of this study was to obtain SLN-ferrous sulfate based on stearic acid and fat rich in monolaurin...

Background and aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) places a heavy medical burden on countries and families due to repeated and prolonged attacks, and the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing worldwide. Therefore, finding an effective treatment is a matter of great urgency. Glycerol monolaurate (GML), which has a twelve-carbon chain, is a compound naturally found in human breast milk. Some studies have shown that GML has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the specific mechanism of action remains unclear...

The rapid emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens pose a serious danger to worldwide human health, and resistance to last-resort drugs, such as polymyxins, is being increasingly detected in MDR Gram-negative pathogens. There is an urgent need to find and optimize combination therapies as an alternative therapeutic strategy, with a dry pipeline in novel antibiotic research and development. We found a monoester formed from the combination of lauric acid and glycerol, glycerol monolaurate (GML), possessing prominent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity...

In order to evaluate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on the growth performance, immunology function, disease resistance and intestinal microbiota for hybrid groupers. Seven levels of GML (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000 and 3600 mg/kg) were added to diets and were noted as the G1 (control group), G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 and G7, respectively. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile groupers for 8 weeks. The FBW, WGR and SGR were significantly higher and FCR was significantly lower in the G4 group compared to the G1 group (P < 0...

Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent used commercially in numerous products and food items. GML is also used as a homeopathic agent and is being clinically tested to treat several human diseases. In addition to its anti-microbial function, GML suppresses immune cell proliferation and inhibits primary human T cell activation. GML suppresses T cell activation by altering membrane dynamics and disrupting the formation of protein clusters necessary for intracellular signaling...

Glycerol monodecanoate (GMD) is a medium-chain monoacylglycerol that possesses emulsifying and antibacterial properties. The common emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80 have been reported to cause intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disturbances. Glycerol monolaurate (GML), another medium-chain monoacylglycerol, is often used as an emulsifier and could improve metabolism by regulating the gut microbiota. However, research on the effects of GMD on the metabolism and gut microbiota remains scarce...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms. A total of 144 one-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement involving dietary treatment (0 or 1,200 mg/kg dietary GML) and LPS challenge (injected with saline or Escherichia coli LPS on d 16, 18, and 20). Samples were collected on d 21. The results revealed that dietary GML augmented serum immunoglobulin A ( P  = 0...

In this study, soybean oil-based oleogels were prepared using soy-protein isolate (SPI) and glycerol monolaurate (GML) in an emulsion-template approach. The rheological, texture, microstructure, and oil-retention properties of the obtained oleogels were analyzed. Results showed that the soy oil-based oleogel prepared with 6 wt% GML exhibited high oil loss, low-hardness, and needle-like morphology compared to the soy-oil/SPI-based oleogel. On the other hand, soy oil-based /SPI-based oleogels structured by 3 or 6 wt% GML presented moderate thermal-stability and lowest oil loss than those prepared without GML...

Weaning stress induces the depressed digestive and absorptive capacity and insufficient intestinal energy supply. Medium-chain fatty acid glycerides have shown to improve the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets in the previous study. This study was aimed to investigate the regulation of medium-chain fatty acid glyceride on the nutrient absorption and energy utilization of weaned piglets. Nighty healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned into five treatments: NP (Normal protein, normal-protein diet no antibiotics included); NC (Negative control, low-protein diet no antibiotics included); PC (Positive control, low-protein diet +75 mg/kg quinocetone, 20 mg/kg virginiamycin and 50 mg/kg aureomycin); MCT (tricaprylin + tricaprin group, low-protein diet + tricaprylin + tricaprin); GML (glycerol monolaurate group, low-protein diet + glycerol monolaurate)...

The bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes reproductive, enteric, and respiratory diseases. Vaccination is essential in increasing herd resistance to BVDV spread. The selection of an adjuvant is an important factor in the success of the vaccination process. Monolaurin or glycerol monolaurate is a safe compound with an immunomodulatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of monolaurin as a novel adjuvant. This was examined through the preparation of an inactivated BVDV (NADL strain) vaccine adjuvanted with different concentrations of monolaurin and compared with the registered available locally prepared polyvalent vaccine (Pneumo-4) containing BVD (NADL strain), BoHV-1 (Abou Hammad strain), BPI3 (strain 45), and BRSV (strain 375L), and adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel...

This study aimed to synthesize α-Glycerol Monolaurate from protected glycerol (glycerol 1,2-acetonide) using Lipozym TL IM as a catalyst. In the first step, transesterification of methyl laurate and glycerol 1,2-acetonide with Lipozyme TL IM produced 1,2-acetonide-3-lauryl glycerol. In the second step, deprotection of 1,2-acetonide-3-lauryl glycerol with Amberlyst-15 produced α-Glycerol Monolaurate. Furthermore, the optimum yield (82.1%) of 1,2-acetonide-3-lauryl glycerol (light yellow liquid, purity of 92%) was achieved at a reactant mole ratio of 1, n-hexane (4 mL) with a reaction time of 12 hours, and total Lipozyme TL IM of 5% (w/w of the total weight of reactants) at a temperature of 35°C...