item response theory

INTRODUCTION: Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to understand and attribute mental states to oneself and others. A ToM measure is warranted for preschool children to assess their ToM development from a multidimensional perspective (i.e., cognitive and affective dimensions). This study aimed to develop the Preschool Theory of Mind Assessment (ToMA-P) and to evaluate its construct validity and applicability. METHODS: The ToMA-P was developed based on comprehensive literature review and revised with expert panel feedback...

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a threat to animal and human health, as well as food security and nutrition. Development of AMR is accelerated by over- and misuse of antimicrobials as seen in many livestock systems, including poultry production. In Vietnam, high AMR levels have been reported previously within poultry production, a sector which is dominated by small-scale farming, even though it is intensifying. This study focuses on understanding small- and medium-scale chicken farmers' knowledge and practices related to AMR by applying an item response theory (IRT) approach, which has several advantages over simpler statistical methods...

INTRODUCTION: Irritability, a common neuropsychiatric symptom in Huntington's disease (HD), lacks a standardized measurement. The Irritability Scale (IS), tailored for HD, has patient and informant versions, but variable interrater agreement has been reported frequently in previous studies. To enhance the clinical utility of the IS, this study aimed to identify the most reliable components estimating the underlying construct and develop a shortened version for time-limited contexts. METHODS: Participant and informant/observer concordance and the relationship of individual items to the complete IS scale were assessed...

Previous studies have attempted to develop measurement tools for constitutional identification in Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM), but they have limitations. We developed a new constitution self-assessment tool that is more firmly grounded in the Gyüzhi, the foundational text of Tibetan Medicine. This new self-assessment tool takes the form of a questionnaire in which the items represent the diagnostic criteria of the three central elemental dynamics of Tibetan medicine (rLung, Tripa, Béken) and are related to the body, psychology, and diet preferences...

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to examine the psychometric properties of social capital indicators, comparing Black and White respondents to identify the extent of measurement invariance in social capital by race. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from the longitudinal study Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), waves 1 through 3 (1995-2016). METHODS: Data were from 6513 respondents (5604 White and 909 Black respondents). Social capital indicators were social cohesion, contributions to community, and community involvement...

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the development of person-fit statistics for tests with polytomous items. Some of the most popular person-fit statistics for such tests belong to the class of standardized person-fit statistics, <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ T $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> , that is assumed to have a standard normal null distribution...

The underuse or overuse of preventive health services by individuals is an outward behavioural reflection of their attitude towards disease risk, and they are strongly influenced by their information-acquisition ability. Therefore, we try to explore the relationship among the public risk preference, information-acquisition ability and underuse or overuse of preventive health services, in order to provide decision-making basis in the Information Age. The survey surveyed 2,211 respondents aged ≥ 18 in China from September to December 2019...

Ritlecitinib, an oral Janus kinase 3/tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma family inhibitor, was evaluated in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in a phase 2b trial. Model-informed drug development strategies were applied to bridge observations from phase 2b to predictions for a proposed phase 3 study design to assess the probability of achieving the target efficacy outcome. A longitudinal exposure-response model of the time course of the 4 Mayo subscores (rectal bleeding, stool frequency, physician's global assessment, and endoscopic subscore) in patients with UC receiving placebo or ritlecitinib was developed using population modeling approaches and an item response theory framework...

The sum score on a psychological test is, and should continue to be, a tool central in psychometric practice. This position runs counter to several psychometricians' belief that the sum score represents a pre-scientific conception that must be abandoned from psychometrics in favor of latent variables. First, we reiterate that the sum score stochastically orders the latent variable in a wide variety of much-used item response models. In fact, item response theory provides a mathematically based justification for the ordinal use of the sum score...

BACKGROUND: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standardized international terminology to operationalize function management across multiple domains, but the summary score of the ICF qualifier scale provides limited information on the comparison of personal abilities and functioning difficulties. OBJECTIVES: To enhance the interpretative power of the ICF-based Health-oriented Personal Evaluation for the community-dwelling older person (iHOPE-OP) scale through the implementation of the item response theory (IRT) modelling...

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are important predictors of mental health outcomes in adulthood. However, commonly used ACE measures such as the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) have not been validated among Black sexually minoritized men (SMM) nor transgender women (TW), whom are known to have higher rates of ACE and poorer mental health outcomes. Assessing the psychometric properties of the measure is important for health equity research, as measurements that are not valid for some populations will render uninterpretable results...

BACKGROUND: Local governments are the closest level of government to the communities they serve. Traditionally providing roads, rates and garbage services, they are also responsible for policy and regulation, particularly land use planning and community facilities and services that have direct and indirect impacts on (equitable) health and well-being. Partnerships between health agencies and local government are therefore an attractive proposition to progress actions that positively impact community health and well-being...

This paper presents a novel approach known as the cross estimation network (CEN) for fitting the datasets obtained from psychological or educational tests and estimating the parameters of item response theory (IRT) models. The CEN is comprised of two subnetworks: the person network (PN) and the item network (IN). The PN processes the response pattern of individual respondent and generates an estimate of the underlying ability, while the IN takes in the response pattern of individual item and outputs the estimates of the item parameters...

Measuring the variability in persons' behaviors and experiences using ecological momentary assessment is time-consuming and costly. We investigate whether interval responses provided through a dual-range slider (DRS) response format can be used as a simple and efficient alternative: Respondents indicate variability in their behavior in a retrospective rating by choosing a lower and an upper bound on a continuous, bounded scale. We investigate the psychometric properties of this response format as a prerequisite for further validation...

AIMS: To evaluate factors associated with fall protection motivation to engage in fall preventive behaviour among rural community-dwelling older adults aged 55 and above using the protection motivation theory scale. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The study was conducted in a healthcare clinic in Malaysia, using multistage random sampling from November 2021 to January 2022. Three hundred seventy-five older adults aged 55 and older were included in the final analysis...

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examine the measurement of cognition in different racial/ethnic groups to move towards a less biased and more inclusive set of measures for capturing cognitive change and decline in older adulthood. METHODS: We use data from Round 2 (N=3377) and Round 3 (N=4777) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) and examine the study's Survey Adjusted version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA). We employ exploratory factor analyses to explore configural invariance by racial/ethnic group...

Item omissions in large-scale assessments may occur for various reasons, ranging from disengagement to not being capable of solving the item and giving up. Current response-time-based classification approaches allow researchers to implement different treatments of item omissions presumably going back to different mechanisms. These approaches, however, are limited in that they require a clear-cut decision on the underlying missingness mechanism and do not allow to take the uncertainty in classification into account...

BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) incidence is increasing among men in the United States. Poor dental health has previously been associated with risk of head and neck cancers, oral HPV infection, and persistence but it is not understood whether dental health is associated with outcomes. We sought to determine the association of dental health with progression free survival and overall mortality among men with an HPV-OPC. METHODS: A cross sectional study of men diagnosed with HPV-OPC between 2014-2020 at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, FL was conducted...

BACKGROUND: The Near Visual Acuity Questionnaire Presbyopia (NAVQ-P) is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that was developed in a phakic presbyopia population to assess near vision function impacts. The study refined and explored the psychometric properties and score interpretability of the NAVQ-P and additional PRO items assessing near vision correction independence (NVCI), near vision satisfaction (NVS), and near vision correction preference (NVCP). METHODS: This was a psychometric validation study conducted using PRO data collected as part of a Phase IIb clinical trial (CUN8R44 A2202) consisting of 235 randomized adults with presbyopia from the US, Japan, Australia, and Canada...

Survey scores are often the basis for understanding how individuals grow psychologically and socio-emotionally. A known problem with many surveys is that the items are all "easy"-that is, individuals tend to use only the top one or two response categories on the Likert scale. Such an issue could be especially problematic, and lead to ceiling effects, when the same survey is administered repeatedly over time. In this study, we conduct simulation and empirical studies to (a) quantify the impact of these ceiling effects on growth estimates when using typical scoring approaches like sum scores and unidimensional item response theory (IRT) models and (b) examine whether approaches to survey design and scoring, including employing various longitudinal multidimensional IRT (MIRT) models, can mitigate any bias in growth estimates...