Oxidative stress aneurysm

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological disorder that severely damages the brain and causes cognitive impairment. MicroRNAs are critical regulators in a variety of neurological diseases. MiR-497-5p has been found to be downregulated in the aneurysm vessel walls obtained from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but its functions and mechanisms in SAH have not been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of miR-497-5p and its related mechanisms in SAH. We established an in vitro SAH model by exposing PC12 cells to oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb)...

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is mainly sporadic and with higher incidence in the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) for unknown reasons. The lack of drug therapy to delay TAA progression lies in the limited knowledge of pathophysiology. We aimed to identify the molecular hallmarks that differentiate the aortic dilatation associated with BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from sporadic TAA patients with BAV or TAV were analyzed by mass spectrometry...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases that primarily affect the heart or blood vessels, with high disability and mortality rates, posing a serious threat to human health. The causative factors, pathogenesis, and characteristics of common CVD differ, but they all involve common pathological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. S100A9 belongs to the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, which are mainly secreted by myeloid cells and bind to the Toll-like receptor 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products and is involved in regulating pathological processes such as inflammatory response, fibrosis, vascular calcification, and endothelial barrier function in CVD...

The aorta plays a central role in the modulation of blood flow to supply end organs and to optimize the workload of the left ventricle. The constant interaction of the arterial wall with protective and deleterious circulating factors, and the cumulative exposure to ventriculoarterial pulsatile load, with its associated intimal-medial changes, are important players in the complex process of vascular aging. Vascular aging is also modulated by biomolecular processes such as oxidative stress, genomic instability, and cellular senescence...

Mutations of the FBN1 gene lead to Marfan syndrome (MFS), which is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder featured by thoracic aortic aneurysm risk. There is currently no effective treatment for MFS. Here, we studied the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the phenotypic transformation of human smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and whether a mitochondrial boosting strategy can be a potential treatment. We knocked down FBN1 in SMCs to create an MFS cell model and used rotenone to induce mitochondrial dysfunction...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a weakening and expansion of the abdominal aorta. Currently, there is no drug treatment to limit AAA growth. The glycocalyx (GC) is the outermost layer of the cell surface, mainly composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to identify a potential relationship between GC disruption and AAA pathogenesis. METHODS: A narrative review of relevant published research was conducted...

Cerebral aneurysm can rupture a blood vessel and cause bleeding in the brain. Microsurgical clipping of the tumor neck has been reported to be effective in treating cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding. This research attempted to clarify the clinical efficacy of early microsurgical clipping of tumor neck for treating cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding, and its impact on the prognosis of patients. One hundred patients with cerebral aneurysm rupture and bleeding patients were treated. They were selected and divided into experimental group (n=25) and control group (n=25) according to surgical time...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important regulation in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). The function and mechanism of circCDYL (circ_0008285) was explored in TAA here. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to construct a TAA model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for the detection of circCDYL, miR-1270, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10). Cell viability was examined via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and proliferation was analyzed using Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay...

Major pathologic changes in the proximal aorta underlie the life-threatening aortic aneurysms and dissections in Marfan Syndrome; current treatments delay aneurysm development without addressing the primary pathology. Because excess oxidative stress and nitric oxide/protein kinase G signaling likely contribute to the aortopathy, we hypothesized that cobinamide, a strong antioxidant that can attenuate nitric oxide signaling, could be uniquely suited to prevent aortic disease. In a well-characterized mouse model of Marfan Syndrome, cobinamide dramatically reduced elastin breaks, prevented excess collagen deposition and smooth muscle cell apoptosis, and blocked DNA, lipid, and protein oxidation and excess nitric oxide/protein kinase G signaling in the ascending aorta...

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Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), mainly caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysms, is a serious acute cerebrovascular disease. Early brain injury (EBI) is all brain injury occurring within 72 h after SAH, mainly including increased intracranial pressure, decreased cerebral blood flow, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, brain edema, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. It activates cell death pathways, leading to neuronal and glial cell death, and is significantly associated with poor prognosis...

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a vascular degenerative disease, is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite the severity of AAA, effective drugs for treatment are scarce. At low doses, terazosin (TZ) exerts antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in several diseases, but its potential to protect against AAA remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the effects of TZ in two AAA animal models: Angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion in Apoe-/- mice and calcium chloride application in C57BL/6J mice...

OBJECTIVE: Notch-1 is a signal regulatory protein with extensive effects in myeloid cells, but its role in aneurysms remains to be fully clarified. In this study, therefore, the aneurysm mouse model with myeloid-specific knockout of Notch-1 was established to observe the role of Notch-1 in aneurysm progression. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of Notch-1 was assessed by pathological staining and Western blotting. It was found that after myeloid-specific knockout of Notch-1 in the aneurysm mouse model, the area of aneurysms and the macrophage infiltration were significantly reduced, the damage to arterial elastic plates was significantly relieved, and the oxidative stress level significantly declined...

Aortic aneurysms are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Despite their clinical significance, there remain critical knowledge gaps in the pathogenesis of aneurysm disease and the mechanisms involved in aortic rupture. Recent studies have drawn attention to the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their down-stream effectors in chronic cardiovascular diseases and specifically in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm formation. This review will discuss current mechanisms of ROS in mediating aortic aneurysms, the failure of endogenous antioxidant systems in chronic vascular diseases, and their relation to the development of aortic aneurysms...

Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) has been recently demonstrated as a potential diagnostic biomarker for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). However, its precise role in the progression of TAA remains unclear. In this study, TAA models were established in ApoE-knockout mice and primary mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through treatment with angiotensin (Ang) II. Our findings revealed a downregulation of ESR1 in Ang II-induced TAA mice and VSMCs. Upregulation of ESR1 mitigated expansion and cell apoptosis in the mice aorta, reduced pathogenetic transformation of VSMCs, and reduced inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo...

BACKGROUND: Craniotomy aneurysm clipping is one of the main treatments for intracranial aneurysm (IA). Endotracheal intubation and intraoperative operation may induce dramatic hemodynamic fluctuations and increase the risk of aneurysm rupture. Intraoperative high-dose opioid use is the main measure to reduce the intraoperative stress response, but it increases the incidence of complications such as postoperative vomiting and delayed awakening. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) stimulates β-endorphin expression levels and reduces opioid requirements...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are major causes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI). Eriocitrin (EC), a flavonoid compound, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. However, there is still no relevant studies on the role of EC in SAH. Accordingly, this research aims to clarify the anti-OS and anti-inflammatory efficacy of EC in SAH. METHOD: Rat SAH model was established in vivo and administered with Eriocitrin (25 mg/kg)...

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occurs most commonly after rupture of an aneurysm, resulting in high disability and mortality due to the absence of effective therapy. Its subsequent stage, early brain injury (EBI), promotes the sustainable development of injury in the brain and ultimately leads to poor prognosis. As a new antiepileptic drug, the effect of perampanel on EBI after SAH is unknown. Pyroptosis, a process of inflammatory programmed cell death, has been confirmed in most studies to play a substantial role in aggravating SAH-post EBI...

Aortic aneurysms, which may dissect or rupture acutely and be lethal, can be a part of multisystem disorders that have a heritable basis. We report four patients with deficiency of selenocysteine-containing proteins due to selenocysteine Insertion Sequence Binding Protein 2 (SECISBP2) mutations who show early-onset, progressive, aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta due to cystic medial necrosis. Zebrafish and male mice with global or vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-targeted disruption of Secisbp2 respectively show similar aortopathy...

Aortic wall inflammation, abnormal oxidative stress and progressive degradation of extracellular matrix proteins are the main characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome dysregulation plays a crucial role in aortic damage and disease progression. The first aim of this study was to examine the effect of baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) on AAA formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice...