keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37899552/moral-characteristics-predicting-covid-19-vaccination
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zher-Wen, Shanshan Zhen, Rongjun Yu
OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to assess, for the first time, whether vaccination is predicted by different behavioral and cognitive aspects of moral decision-making. BACKGROUND: Studies linking moral factors to vaccination have largely examined whether vaccination decisions can be explained by individual differences in the endorsement of various principles and norms central to deontology-based arguments in vaccination ethics. However, these studies have overlooked whether individuals prioritize norms over other considerations when making decisions, such as maximizing consequences (utilitarianism)...
October 29, 2023: Journal of Personality
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37847859/infection-control-subjective-estimates-and-the-ethics-of-testing-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susumu Cato, Shu Ishida
On March 16, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization said: "We have a simple message to all countries-test, test, test." This seems like sound advice, but what if limiting the number of tests has a positive effect on infection control? Although this may rarely be the case, the possibility raises an important ethical question that is closely related to a central tension between deontological and consequentialist approaches to ethics. In this paper, we first argue that early during the COVID-19 pandemic, Japan offers an interesting case because it experienced few deaths due to COVID while the number of tests was limited, suggesting that there may be cases in which low testing contributes to infection control indeed...
October 17, 2023: Bioethics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37829612/ethical-considerations-in-implementing-ai-for-mortality-prediction-in-the-emergency-department-linking-theory-and-practice
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lena Petersson, Kalista Vincent, Petra Svedberg, Jens M Nygren, Ingrid Larsson
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to be a solution for improving healthcare, increasing efficiency, and saving time and recourses. A lack of ethical principles for the use of AI in practice has been highlighted by several stakeholders due to the recent attention given to it. Research has shown an urgent need for more knowledge regarding the ethical implications of AI applications in healthcare. However, fundamental ethical principles may not be sufficient to describe ethical concerns associated with implementing AI applications...
2023: Digital Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37820015/applying-ebm-epistemology-and-the-grade-system-to-address-practitioners-disagreements-in-medical-malpractice-allegations-during-covid-19-pandemic
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco A Azevedo, Tudor M Baetu
RATIONALE: The GRADE system of clinical recommendations has deontic implications and can discriminate between mandatory, prohibited, and merely permitted medical decisions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The recommendation categories of the GRADE framework map onto deontological imperatives that can lead to a better understanding and management of allegations of imprudence and appropriateness of treatments. Allegations made during the worst phase of COVID-19 pandemic are used as a case study for exploring the deontic implications of GRADE...
October 11, 2023: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37807870/psychiatric-advance-directives-ulysses-contract-the-need-for-a-specific-law-and-a-criteria-proposal-for-its-introduction
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gianluca Montanari Vergallo, Matteo Gulino, Pasquale Ricci, Antonella Pastorini, Giuseppe Bersani, Raffaella Rinaldi
AIM: Advance healthcare directives in the psychiatric field raise more concerns and controversies compared to their use in other medical branches. We discuss the role of advance directives in this field and suggest a criteria proposal for the settlement of a comprehensive regulation on the matter. METHODS: We analyse the existing law and discuss the ethical points in the Italian context and, in comparison, with the United Kingdom context. RESULTS: Numerous studies have highlighted that psychiatric patients experience advance directives as an instrument to participate in therapeutic decision-making...
2023: Rivista di Psichiatria
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37804490/-quality-in-medicine-as-a-deontological-requirement
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José María Domínguez Roldán
Medical practice has two main dimensions, one scientific and the other human, and in both, the commitment of the doctor is essential. Medical deontology, as a branch of ethics that deals with the duties and obligations of doctors, embodies in the codes of deontology the ethical principles and standards of mandatory compliance. From this point, medical practice should guarantee that patients receive an quality medical care, and to be treated with dignity and respect. In December 2022, the General Council of Official Medical Associations of Spain published a new version of the Spanish Code of Medical Ethics that aims, among other purposes, to standardize medical care of scientific and human quality...
2023: Cuadernos de Bioética: Revista Oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37804489/-the-new-code-of-medical-ethics-2022-and-its-general-principles
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pilar León Sanz
The article describes and analyses the General Principles of the 2022 Code of Medical Ethics that are included in the articles 4 to 6 of the second chapter. The General Principles make it possible to understand and interpret the set of precepts and recommendations of the code, for which reason the study of this second chapter is of special relevance. In addition, I contextualize General Principles by relating them to other current international ethical-deontological documents. We will also review how they are extended in the broad articles of the new code...
2023: Cuadernos de Bioética: Revista Oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37804488/-process-of-elaboration-and-new-issues-of-the-spanish-code-of-medical-deontology-2022
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felicidad Rodríguez Sánchez
This article describes the elaboration process of the new Spanish Code of Medical Deontology ap- proved by the General Assembly of the General Council of Medical Colleges of Spain in December 2022. The reasons for updating the deontological rules, the works carried out, the principles followed in the development of the Code and the most relevant new rules are described.
2023: Cuadernos de Bioética: Revista Oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37804487/-evolution-of-spanish-deontology-1978-2022-what-has-changed-in-the-last-40-years
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan José Rodríguez Sendín
The article reviews the evolution of the deontology of the Spanish Medical Organization through how it has been reflected in the diverse codes of deontology approved by this institution. After an approximation to the spirit and contents of the first Code of ethics approved in 1978, born after the Spanish Constitution, passed that same year, which established the recognition and the need to regulate professional associations and the exercise of qualified professionals. The 1978 Code is compared with the one recently approved in December 2022, using the second 1990 Code as a bridge...
2023: Cuadernos de Bioética: Revista Oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37804486/-guest-editor-s-note-the-new-2022-code-of-medical-deontology
#30
EDITORIAL
Pilar León Sanz
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Cuadernos de Bioética: Revista Oficial de la Asociación Española de Bioética y Ética Médica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37796061/-ethical-deontological-problems-of-therapy-of-mental-disorders
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S N Mosolov
In recent decades, psychiatric ethics has been an area of intensive research and reconsideration of established regulations. Basic principles of medical deontology do not cover ethical issues of modern psychiatric science and practice. The fundamental principle of ethical relationship between a physician and a patient in psychiatric practice is a voluntary informed consent that is based on three main criteria: voluntarism, decision-making capacity and information disclosure about proposed medical procedure...
2023: Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37724809/is-it-true-that-negative-emotions-cause-more-utilitarian-judgements-from-the-influence-of-emotion-and-cognition
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haibo Yang, Chunmei Tang, Donglin Wang
ABSTRACT The affect-as-information (AAI) model proposes that emotions influence the accessibility and value of information (Avramova & Inbar, 2013). Furthermore, according to the dual-process model of moral judgement, emotions and cognition influence moral judgement (Greene, 2007; Greene et al., 2001, 2008); however, there is no direct evidence of a causal chain to support this model's proposition. By using a 3 (emotions: positive vs. neutral vs. negative) × 2 (primed rule: save lives vs...
September 19, 2023: Cognition & Emotion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37714736/perceptions-of-pediatric-residents-and-pediatricians-about-ethical-dilemmas-the-case-of-turkey
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nihal Durmaz, Betül Ulukol, Serap Şahinoğlu
BACKGROUND: This study determined the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of pediatricians and pediatric residents regarding issues of ethics, professional education, clinical ethical principles, and consent they encounter in health service delivery. METHODS: Participants in the study were 134 pediatricians and pediatric residents from three hospitals in Ankara, Turkey. Participants were asked questions regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, their knowledge and views of ethics and ethical education, whether they had ever encountered an ethical problem, their beliefs about obtaining consent from pediatric patients and their families, and case-based questions...
September 13, 2023: Archives de Pédiatrie: Organe Officiel de la Sociéte Française de Pédiatrie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37697107/advocating-for-neurodata-privacy-and-neurotechnology-regulation
#34
REVIEW
Rafael Yuste
The ability to record and alter brain activity by using implantable and nonimplantable neural devices, while poised to have significant scientific and clinical benefits, also raises complex ethical concerns. In this Perspective, we raise awareness of the ability of artificial intelligence algorithms and data-aggregation tools to decode and analyze data containing highly sensitive information, jeopardizing personal neuroprivacy. Voids in existing regulatory frameworks, in fact, allow unrestricted decoding and commerce of neurodata...
September 11, 2023: Nature Protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37657875/-questioning-restraint-practices-to-develop-a-caring-approach
#35
REVIEW
Fabienne Candini, Charlie Marquis
In 2021, the Aisne departmental public mental health establishment (EPSMDA) chose to open a seminar on restraint, care and freedom. With the support of the EPSMDA branch of the Chair of Philosophy in Hospitals, developed for this occasion, participants were able to apprehend, thanks to various philosophical, sociological, historical, regulatory, deontological, medical, paramedical and experiential (by the patient himself) approaches, the notions of restraint, container and content that surround the restraint approach with both adults and children...
September 2023: Soins; la Revue de Référence Infirmière
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37597000/two-cases-of-nursing-older-nursing-home-residents-during-covid-19
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pier Jaarsma, Petra Gelhaus, My Eklund Saksberg
INTRODUCTION: Two ethical challenges of nursing home nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden are discussed in this paper. BACKGROUND: Historically, the nurse's primary concern is for the person who is ill, which is the core of nurses' moral responsibility and identity. In Sweden, person-centered care is generally deemed important in nursing older nursing home residents. OBJECTIVE: To chart moral responsibilities of nursing home nurses in two cases involving older residents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden...
August 19, 2023: Nursing Ethics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37594151/to-bridge-or-not-to-bridge-moral-judgement-in-cocaine-use-disorders-a-case-control-study-on-human-morality
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Mosca, A Miuli, G Mancusi, S Chiappini, G Stigliano, A De Pasquale, G Di Petta, G Bubbico, A Pasino, M Pettorruso, G Martinotti
BACKGROUND: In the "Dual-Process theory", morality is characterized by the interaction between an automatic-emotional process, mediated by the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) and linked to personal-deontological decisions, and a rational-conscious one, mediated by the Dorso-Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and linked to impersonal-utilitarian decisions. These areas are altered by chronic use of cocaine, with a possible impact on moral decision-making. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the difference between a group of Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) patients and a control group in moral decision-making...
August 18, 2023: Social Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37589714/i-am-not-sorry-interpersonal-effects-of-neutralizations-after-a-transgression
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bastiaan T Rutjens, Coen A Ackers, Gerben A van Kleef
After a transgression, people often use neutralizations to account for their behavior, for instance, by apologizing or offering a justification. Previous research has mostly centered around the intrapersonal effects of neutralizations on actors. Consequently, we know very little of the interpersonal effects of neutralizations on observers' perceptions and judgments. Our overarching hypothesis is that neutralizations that contain an acknowledgment of wrongdoing (i.e., apologies and excuses) lead to more favorable perceptions of the transgressor and the transgression than neutralizations that do not (i...
August 17, 2023: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37578033/conceptualizing-positive-attributes-across-psychological-perspectives
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Danielle Wilson, Vincent Ng, Nicole Alonso, Anne Jeffrey, Louis Tay
BACKGROUND: The growth of positive psychology has birthed debate on the nature of what "positive" really means. Conceptualizations of positive attributes vary across psychological perspectives, and it appears these definitional differences stem from standards for "positive" espoused by three normative ethical frameworks: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. When definitions of "positive" do not align with one of these ethical schools, it appears researchers rely on preference to distinguish positive attributes...
August 14, 2023: Journal of Personality
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37570286/ethical-concerns-of-the-veterinarian-in-relation-to-experimental-animals-and-in-vivo-research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Łukasz Kiraga, Andrzej Dzikowski
Animal experiments, despite their controversial nature, play an indispensable role in scientific advancement and led to numerous significant discoveries. The supervision of veterinarians in the realm of in vivo research holds immense importance. However, this particular aspect of veterinary medicine, distinct from their other activities, can pose ethical challenges. Veterinarians are entrusted with the prevention of diseases, healing, and pain elimination, yet in the case of animal experiments, they witness intentional suffering and death...
July 31, 2023: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
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