Pediatric ADD

Blood plasma storage is a crucial element of pediatric biobanking. Improperly stored or handled specimens (e.g., at > -30°C) can result in altered biomolecular compositions that no longer reflects in vivo reality. We report application of a previously developed assay in adults-the ΔS-Cys-Albumin assay, which facilitates estimation of plasma and serum exposure to thawed conditions-to a population of pediatric EDTA plasma samples from patients aged 3-18 years to determine the assay's applicability, estimate its reference range for pediatric samples, and assess the impact of pre-centrifugation delay at 0°C...

Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant prescribed for depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and to aid in smoking cessation. Bupropion overdose management is largely aimed toward common sequelae, including seizures, tachycardia, and QTc prolongation. In this case report, we identify a rare event of pediatric bupropion overdose with aforementioned common sequela and atypical features, including a delayed presentation of serotonin syndrome and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This case follows a seven-year-old Caucasian female with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who presented in status epilepticus following an accidental bupropion overdose and required multiple anti-seizure medications, endotracheal intubation, and admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)...

BACKGROUND: The improved outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) over the last decades has increased the importance of assessing late effects and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), particularly when evaluating and comparing outcomes in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess HRQoL in children treated for ALL according to the NOPHO ALL2008 protocol. PROCEDURE: Children, aged 1 to less than 18 years at diagnosis, alive in first remission, and their parents, were asked to complete PedsQL 4...

BACKGROUND: Lacosamide (LCM) has shown promising efficacy and safety outcomes in clinical trials. However, the evidence is limited among pediatric patients especially under four years in real-world. The study investigated the treatment outcomes and safety of LCM in patients under four years based on the data of the epilepsy registry of Children in China. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted among patients under 4 years who newly received LCM as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy...

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder. Treatments for ADHD include pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy. However, pharmacological treatments have side effects such as poor appetite, sleep disturbance, and headache. Moreover, nonpharmacological treatments are not effective in ameliorating core symptoms and are time-consuming. Hence, developing an alternative and effective treatment without (or with fewer) side effects is crucial...

Risk stratification using genetics and minimal residual disease (MRD) has allowed to increase the cure rates of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pedAML) up to 70% in contemporary protocols. Nevertheless, approximately 30% of patients still experience relapse, indicating a need to optimize stratification strategies. Recently, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been shown to hold prognostic power in multiple cancer types. Here, we aimed at refining relapse prediction in pedAML using lncRNA expression...

BACKGROUND: Despite eradication efforts, ~135,000 African children sustained brain injuries as a result of central nervous system (CNS) malaria in 2021. Newer antimalarial medications rapidly clear peripheral parasitemia and improve survival, but mortality remains high with no associated decline in post-malaria neurologic injury. A randomized controlled trial of aggressive antipyretic therapy with acetaminophen and ibuprofen (Fever RCT) for malarial fevers being conducted in Malawi and Zambia began enrollment in 2019...

BACKGROUND: Internalizing and externalizing problems have received great attention, and children with ADHD exhibit high rates of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders. This study aimed to explore the relationship between sleep and internalizing problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the probable mediating role of externalizing problems. METHODS: A total of 203 primary school children diagnosed with ADHD for the first time were recruited for this study...

BACKGROUND: In Germany, no consented quality indicator set (QI set) exists to date that can be used to assess the quality of pediatric care. Therefore, the aim of the project "Assessment of the quality of routine ambulatory health care for common disorders in children and adolescents" (QualiPäd) funded by the Innovation Committee of the Federal Joint Committee (grant no.: 01VSF19035) was to develop a QI set for the diseases asthma, atopic eczema, otitis media, tonsillitis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and conduct disorder...

INTRODUCTION: The dextroamphetamine transdermal system (d-ATS) is a stimulant patch recently approved by the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). AREAS COVERED: The composition of the d-ATS, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism are presented along with data from dermal trials evaluating the tolerability of patch application at various skin sites. Efficacy and safety data from a laboratory classroom study in children and adolescents including effect sizes are assessed...

The prevalence of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction in children after mild traumatic brain injury ranges from 3 to 58%, with potential factors influencing this variation, including traumatic brain injury severity and assessment methods. This prospective longitudinal study examines the association between mild traumatic brain injury and olfactory dysfunction in children. Seventy-five pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury and an age-matched healthy control group were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks battery, which focuses on olfactory threshold and odor identification...

Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome (SWS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by bowing of long bones, dysautonomia, temperature dysregulation, swallowing and feeding difficulties, and frequent respiratory infections. Respiratory distress and hyperthermic events are the leading causes of early neonatal death, and most patients are not expected to survive past infancy. Here, we report on the survival of a 5-year-old male with SWS, discussing his case presentation, providing a brief clinical course, and discussing the outcome...

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Comprehensive international consensus on cytogenetic risk-group stratification of KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is lacking. This retrospective (2005-2016) International Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group study on 1,256 children with KMT2A-r AML aimed to validate the prognostic value of established recurring KMT2A fusions and additional cytogenetic aberrations (ACAs), and secondly, to define additional, recurring KMT2A fusions and ACAs, evaluating their prognostic relevance...

Layla is a 6.7-year-old girl diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type-delayed adaptive skills, enuresis, unspecified malnutrition, and feeding difficulties. She presented to developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) in January 2022 due to caregiver concerns for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Layla lives in a polyamorous family with her biological mother and father, mother's partner whom Layla refers to as her uncle, and her 2 half-siblings. There is a maternal history of special education services, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and ADHD...

OBJECTIVES: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity are major pediatric public health problems. The present study aimed to examine the association between these two health parties in our pediatric populations. MATERIALS & METHODS: This study is a single group retrospective cohort study about Body Mass Index (BMI) changes in 149 children and adolescents between 3-18 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD based on one child and adolescent psychiatrist interview according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria (DSM-IV-TR)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with psychotropic medication use and polypharmacy among children and adolescents initiating intensive behavioral therapy for severe challenging behavior over a 10-year period. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective observational study, we examined data from caregiver interviews and patient medical records on the number and types of psychotropic medications prescribed to patients initiating intensive behavioral therapy between January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2022...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood with approximately 6 million children (age 3 to 17 years) ever diagnosed based on data from 2016-2019. ADHD is characterized by a constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms that interferes with development or functioning. Specific criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition Text Revision assist with the diagnosis with multiple guidelines available providing non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic recommendations for the treatment of ADHD in the pediatric population...

In this study, we describe the development and validation of a revised Pediatric Chronic Pain Grading (P-CPG) for children aged 8 to 17 years that adds emotional impairment to previously used measures of pain intensity and functional impairment. Such a measure enables the assessment of chronic pain severity in different epidemiological and clinical populations, the stratification of treatment according to pain severity, and the monitoring of treatment outcome. The P-CPG was developed using a representative sample of school children with chronic pain (n = 454; Mage = 12...

OBJECTIVE: Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems show great promise for improving glycemic outcomes and reducing disease burden for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The current study examined youth and parent perspectives after using the insulin-only iLet Bionic Pancreas (BP) during the 13-week pivotal trial. METHODS: Parents and youth participated in focus group interviews, with questions assessing participants' experiences in a variety of settings and were grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology...