IVF, perinatology

Introduction  Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates worldwide, but brain abscess secondary to GBS is extremely rare. While temporal brain abscesses have been described as a sequelae of otogenic infections in children and adults, such a presentation has not been described in neonates. Case Description  An 8-day-old female infant presented with a fever and irritability along with bilateral purulent otorrhea. Maternal GBS screening was negative, but the delivery was complicated by chorioamnionitis...

OBJECTIVE: The ductus arteriosus normally closes after birth. Histamine2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RA) has been associated with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We aimed to study the characteristics of term infants with PDA and their possible association with prenatal exposure to antacids - Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) and H2RA. STUDY DESIGN: Population-based matched case-control study of mothers registered at "Clalit" Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and their infants born at "Soroka" University Medical Center (SUMC) between 2001-2018...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess whether, among a cohort of PAS patients, antenatal suspicion of PAS was less likely in IVF compared to non-IVF patients. In addition, we aimed to assess whether IVF patients exhibited similar risk factors for PAS compared to non-IVF patients. STUDY DESIGN: This is an international multicenter retrospective study of patients with pathologically confirmed PAS (accreta, increta, percreta) between 1998 - 2021. PAS patients were identified through a central international PAS database...

BACKGROUND: To examine the association between maternal education and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who conceived using medically assisted reproduction, which included fertility medications, intrauterine insemination, or in vitro fertilization. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the US Vital Statistics data set on national birth certificates from 2016 to 2020. Women with live, non-anomalous singletons who conceived using MAR and had education status of the birthing female partner recorded were included...

OBJECTIVE:  Fortification of human milk (HM) with either human milk-derived fortifier (HMDF) or cow milk-derived fortifier (CMDF) is important in preterm infants. The objective is to compare the incidence of hypoglycemia, and biochemical values in infants less than 1,250 g at birth fed HMDF versus CMDF. STUDY DESIGN:  It is a retrospective cohort study on infants less than 1,250 g at birth who were fed with HMDF or CMDF. Hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose (BG) level equal to or less than 60 mg/dL within 72 hours of full enteral feeds when off total parenteral nutrition and intravenous fluids...

BACKGROUND: Among patients ≥45 years, the birth rate in the United States continues to increase. Fertility declines with age; this cohort often utilizes assisted reproductive technology, specifically in-vitro fertilization (IVF). While both advancing maternal age and IVF are independently associated with adverse maternal outcomes, data regarding their additive effect are scant. OBJECTIVE: Determine if very advanced maternal age patients (vAMA, ≥45 years at delivery) who conceive via IVF are at increased risk for preterm birth (PTB) compared to those with non-IVF pregnancies...

OBJECTIVE:  We aimed to evaluate whether there is a significant association between a placental pathology diagnosis basal plate myofibers (BPMF) in an index pregnancy with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the subsequent pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN:  We conducted a retrospective nested cohort study of all cases with a histopathological finding of BPMF between August 2012 and March 2020 at a single tertiary referral center. Data were collected for all subjects (cases and controls) with at least two consecutive pregnancies (the initial index pregnancy and at least one subsequent pregnancy) accompanied by a concomitant record of histopathological study of the placenta at our center...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes during delivery hospital admission in a contemporary, nation-wide cohort of births in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective, population-based cohort study used the National Inpatient Sample database to identify patients discharged from hospital following delivery from 2014-2019. IVF pregnancies were identified using International Classification of Disease-9/10 codes...

INTRODUCTION: Existing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a freeze-all embryo transfer strategy and a fresh embryo transfer strategy have shown conflicting results. A freeze-all or a fresh transfer policy may be preferable for some couples undergoing in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), but it is unclear which couples would benefit most from each policy, how and under which protocols. Therefore, we plan a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of RCTs comparing a freeze-all and a fresh transfer policy...

BACKGROUND: Ischaemic placental disease (IPD) affects 16%-23% of pregnancies in the United States. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a risk factor for IPD, and the magnitude of increase in risk differs for individuals using donor oocytes (donor IVF) versus their own oocytes (autologous IVF). In addition, multifoetal gestations, which are more common in IVF than non-IVF pregnancies, also are a risk factor for IPD. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the contribution of multifoetal gestations to the association between IVF and IPD...

Appropriate nutrition is essential for optimal development and growth of preterm infants. Infants less than 25 weeks corrected gestational age are frequently the most difficult group for which to provide adequate nutrition due to minimal energy stores and high fluid losses. Nutrient delivery becomes an integral, but also very challenging part in their management. Early administration of intravenous nutrients provides a critical bridge to full enteral nutrition. However, enteral feeding is challenging due to immaturities of the intestinal tract, feeding intolerance and the risk of catastrophic gastrointestinal disease such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)...

BACKGROUND: Measuring infant health at birth is key for surveillance and research in obstetrics and neonatology, but there is no international consensus on morbidity indicators. The Neonatal Adverse Outcome Indicator (NAOI) is a composite indicator, developed in Australia, which measures the burden of severe neonatal morbidity using hospital discharge data. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of the NAOI in France for surveillance and research. METHODS: We constituted a cohort of live births ≥24 weeks' gestational age in Metropolitan France from 2014 to 2015 using hospital discharge, insurance claims and cause of death data...

OBJECTIVE:  This study aimed to determine the association between daily fluid intake and the duration of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA). METHODS:  This is a retrospective cohort study of extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks) admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Advent Health for Children from January 2013 to March 2016, if hsPDA was diagnosed in first week of life and serial echocardiograms were available. Diagnosis of hsPDA was based on a scoring system and its duration was estimated from serial echocardiograms...

OBJECTIVE:  This study was aimed to assess the association between ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and pregnancy complications among women who conceived following fertility treatment. STUDY DESIGN:  A retrospective population-based cohort study, including all singleton deliveries of patients conceived following ovulation induction (OI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) between 1988 and 2016, was conducted. All births occurred in a single tertiary medical center...

There are a limited number of documented cases of acute otitis media (AOM) in preterm infants while hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We present a case of a former 26 weeks old infant who at 29 weeks, 6 days postmenstrual age presented with acute signs and symptoms of systemic sepsis subsequently found to be secondary to AOM with purulent ear drainage. The patient received a septic evaluation, including urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid studies. Treatment included intravenous antibiotics with full resolution of symptoms...

STUDY QUESTION: Is preterm delivery an infertility treatment-related adverse outcome in infertile women who conceived after reproductive surgery? SUMMARY ANSWER: Compared with matched fertile women, preterm delivery appears to be a modest infertility treatment-related adverse outcome in infertile women who have reproductive surgery then conceived naturally or after IVF/ICSI. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Most observational studies have shown that women who receive any infertility treatment are more likely to deliver preterm than do fertile women...

BACKGROUND: Incidence, risk factors, and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates related to amniotic fluid embolism remain a challenge to evaluate, given the presence of differing international diagnostic criteria, the lack of a gold standard diagnostic test, and a significant overlap with other causes of obstetric morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the clinical features and outcomes of women using the largest United States-based contemporary international amniotic fluid embolism registry, and (2) to investigate differences in demographic and obstetric variables, clinical presentation, and outcomes between women with typical versus atypical amniotic fluid embolism, using previously published and validated criteria for the research reporting of amniotic fluid embolism...

The rapid rise of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases led the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) to recommend immediate cessation of all new fertility treatment cycles on March 17, 2020. Controversial from the start, providers and patients expressed their opposition through online petitions, surveys, and other forums. While the impact of a delay in access to reproductive care is unknown, previous studies are reassuring that a delay in the timespan of months may not affect clinical outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac arrest in pregnancy is rare. Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support courses rarely address interventions specific to obstetric patients, and knowledge gaps are frequent among providers. The Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology and American Heart Association have published guidelines regarding management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy, and interdisciplinary simulation training has been advocated to reinforce key management points for this clinical scenario...

TYPE OF STUDY: Summary review and a case report. SETTINGS: GEST IVF, Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Prague. INTRODUCTION: In scientific literature there two syndrome have been described in the presence of pure 46,XY karyotype when an individual is phenotypically and psychosexually identified as a woman. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and pure gonadal dysgenesis XY (GD XY, Swyer syndrome). Thanks to the presence of a uterus in Swyer syndrome we can treat this type of sterility with donated oocytes...