Psychobiotics

This review highlights the relationships between gastrointestinal microorganisms and the brain. The gut microbiota communicates with the central nervous system through nervous, endocrine, and immune signalling mechanisms. Our brain can modulate the gut microbiota structure and function through the autonomic nervous system, and possibly through neurotransmitters which directly act on bacterial gene expression. In this context, oxidative stress is one the main factors involved in the dysregulation of the gut-brain axis and consequently in neurodegenerative disorders...

Two strains of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria, L. brevis Y1 and L. plantarum LM2, were microencapsulated in sodium alginate with two concentrations (1% and 2%) of monosodium glutamate (MSG) by using vibrating technology. The mix of both species was microencapsulated both in fresh and freeze-dried form. After 0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C in quarter strength Ringer's solution, the microcapsules were subjected to cell viable counting and sub-cultured in MRS at 37° for 24 h...

Tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota form an integrated regulatory axis that impacts immunity, metabolism, and cancer. This review consolidated current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between microbial tryptophan processing and the host. We focused on how the gut microbiome controls tryptophan breakdown via the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin pathways. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induces disruptions in tryptophan catabolism which contribute to disorders like inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, metabolic syndromes, and cancer...

Growing evidence indicates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in physiological functions. Gut-brain axis imbalance has also been associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have suggested that probiotics regulate the stress response and alleviate mood-related symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC3201 (L3201) on the behavioral response and fecal metabolite content in an unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) mouse model...

OBJECTIVE: Both animal and human studies, though limited, showed that multi-strain probiotic supplementation may reduce the number of seizures and/or seizure severity. Here, we evaluated the effect of a single strain probiotic supplementation on seizure susceptibility, antiseizure efficacy of sodium valproate, and several behavioral parameters in mice. METHODS: Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 was given orally for 28 days. Its influence on seizure thresholds was evaluated in the ivPTZ- and electrically-induced seizure tests...

In the treatment of depressive disorders, conventional antidepressant therapy has been the mainstay of clinical management, along with well-established nonpharmacological interventions such as various kinds of psychotherapy. Over the last 2 decades, there has been considerable interest in the role of the gastrointestinal system and its microbiota on brain function, behavior, and mental health. Components of what is referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been uncovered, and further research has elicited functional capabilities such as "gut-brain modules...

Psychobiotics, a newly identified category of probiotics primarily targeting the gut-brain axis, exhibit tremendous potential in improving sleep quality. In this study, the clinical trial was registered in advance (identifier: NO. ChiCTR2300067806). Forty participants who were diagnosed with stress-induced insomnia were chosen and randomly divided into two groups: one received CCFM1025 at a dose of 5 × 109 CFU ( n = 20), while the other was administered a placebo ( n = 20), over a period of four weeks...

The effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus strains to prevent the consequences of chronic stress on anxiety in mouse strains sensitive to stress and the consequences on gut microbiota have been relatively unexplored. Thus, we administered a Lacticaseibacillus casei LA205 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LA903 mix to male BALB/cByJrj mice two weeks before and during 21-day chronic restraint stress (CRS) (non-stressed/solvent (NS-PBS), non-stressed/probiotics (NS-Probio), CRS/solvent (S-PBS), CRS/probiotics (S-Probio))...

Dysbiosis in neurological disorders has highlighted the gut-microbiota-brain axis and psychobiotics and their ability to act on the brain-gut axis. Studying and discovering new approaches in therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders are strategies that have been discussed and put into practice. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacteria species with an extensive history of safe use whose action as a psychobiotic has been successfully explored. This review describes and discusses the mechanisms of action of L...

Probiotics, also known as psychobiotics, have been linked to cognitive functions, memory, learning, and behavior, in addition to their positive effects on the digestive tract. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychoemotional effects and cognitive functioning in children with gastrointestinal disorders who undergo psychobiotherapy. A total of 135 participants, aged 5-18 years, were divided into three groups based on the pediatrician's diagnosis: Group I (Control) consisted of 37 patients (27.4%), Group II included 65 patients (48...

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms shown to improve human health when consumed regularly and in sufficient quantities. Numerous health benefits can be attained by possessing important metabolites with nutritional and medicinal qualities. It has been shown through scientific research that these living microbial consortiums can influence a variety of mental health outcomes, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, cognitive processes, stress responses, and behavioral patterns. Selected strains of bacteria and yeasts control how the central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the gut-brain axis (GBA) through neuronal, humoral, and metabolic pathways to ease mood...

Microbes living in the intestine can regulate key signaling processes in the central nervous system that directly impact brain health. This gut-brain signaling axis is partially mediated by microbe-host dependent immune regulation, gut innervating neuronal communication, as well as endocrine-like small molecule metabolites that originate from bacteria to ultimately cross the blood-brain barrier. Given the mounting evidence of gut-brain crosstalk, a new therapeutic approach of "psychobiotics" has emerged, whereby strategies designed to primarily modify the gut microbiome have been shown to improve mental health or slow neurodegenerative diseases...

The present work aimed to identify probiotic candidates from Lithuanian homemade fermented food samples. A total of 23 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from different fermented food samples. Among these, only 12 showed resistance to low pH, tolerance to pepsin, bile salts, and pancreatin. The 12 strains also exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12384, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883...

Ageing is inevitable and poses a universal challenge for all living organisms, including humans. The human body experiences rapid cell division and metabolism until approximately 25 years of age, after which the accumulation of metabolic by-products and cellular damage leads to age-related diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are of concern due to their irreversible nature, lack of effective treatment, and impact on society and the economy. Researchers are interested in finding drugs that can effectively alleviate ageing and age-related diseases without side-effects...

A gradual decline in cognitive function occurs with age. Accumulating evidence suggests that certain probiotic strains exert beneficial effects on age-related cognitive decline. Our previous study revealed that Lactobacillus helveticus WHH1889 attenuated symptoms of anxiety and depression in depressed mice via shaping the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) metabolism and gut microbial community, indicating the psychobiotic potential of WHH1889. In the present study, the effects of WHH1889 on age-related cognitive decline were investigated...

The comprehensive narrative review conducted in this study delves into the mechanisms of communication and action at the molecular level in the human organism. The review addresses the complex mechanism involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis as well as the implications of alterations in the microbial composition of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss or death is analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of action of the main metabolites involved in the bidirectional communication through the microbiota-gut-brain axis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is thought to be the developmental origins of the host's health and disease through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis: such as immune-mediated, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders, and growing evidence indicates the contribution of the gut microbiome changes and imbalances to these conditions, pointing to the importance of considering the MGB axis in their treatment...

Psychobiotics are a class of probiotics that confer beneficial effects on the mental health of the host. We have previously reported hypnotic effects of a psychobiotic strain, Lactobacillus fermentum PS150 (PS150), which significantly shortens sleep latency in experimental mice, and effectively ameliorate sleep disturbances caused by either caffeine consumption or a novel environment. In the present study, we discovered a L. fermentum strain, GR1009, isolated from the same source of PS150, and found that GR1009 is phenotypically distinct but genetically similar to PS150...

Consumption of naturally fermented milk (NFM) products is the dietary culture in India. The mountainous people of Arunachal Pradesh in India prepare the assorted artisanal home-made NFM products from cow and yak milk. Previously, we isolated and identified 76 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from NFM products of Arunachal Pradesh, viz. mar, chhurpi and churkam. We hypothesized that some of these LAB strains may possess probiotic potentials; hence, we investigated the probiotic potentials of these strains...