Olanzapine/Fluoxetine

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects one in three patients with major depressive disorder and is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Studies of real-world practices suggest that antidepressant monotherapy continues to be the most widely used treatment after inadequate response to a first-line treatment. However, rates of remission with antidepressants in TRD are suboptimal. Atypical antipsychotics are the most widely studied augmentation agent and aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, quetiapine extended-release, and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination are approved for depression...

BACKGROUND: The significant increase in Internet availability has resulted in a rise in search queries on health-related topics. Previous research has demonstrated the potential for analyzing web search query volume for nonpsychotropic prescription drugs, while studies on psychotropic drugs remain scarce. The aims of this study were to expand upon this scarce knowledge by investigating the relationship between web search query volumes and prescription volumes of antidepressants and antipsychotics in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands and to gain insight in topics of concern, such as withdrawal symptoms and discontinuation...

The treatment of bipolar depression is one of the most challenging needs in contemporary psychiatry. Currently, only quetiapine, olanzapine-fluoxetine combination, lurasidone, cariprazine, and recently lumateperone have been FDA-approved to treat this condition. The neurobiology of bipolar depression and the possible targets of bipolar antidepressant therapy remain elusive. The current study investigated whether the pharmacodynamic properties of cariprazine fit into a previously developed model which was the first to be derived based on the strict combination of clinical and preclinical data...

The whole picture of psychotropics for bipolar depression (BPD) remains unclear. This review compares the differences in efficacy and safety profiles among common psychotropics for BPD. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for proper studies. The changes in the depressive rating scale, remission/response rates, nervous system adverse events (NSAEs), gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs), metabolic parameters, and prolactin were compared between medication and placebo or among medications with the Cohen's d or number needed to treat/harm...

INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) that impedes recovery by preventing the return to optimal socio-occupational functioning and reducing quality of life. Presently, there are no efficacious treatments for cognitive impairment in BD, but many pharmacological interventions are being considered as they have the potential to target the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes the available evidence for pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder...

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that can emerge after an individual experiences a traumatic event such as physical abuse, sexual/relationship violence, combat exposure, witnessing death, or serious injury. This study aimed to identify the most suitable drugs for the management of PTSD based on a network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Six databases (Ovid Medline, EMBase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Ovid Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to September 6, 2022...

One in three adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not experience clinically significant improvement after multiple sequential courses of antidepressants and have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The presence of TRD contributes to the morbidity and excess mortality associated with MDD and has been linked to significantly increased health care expenses. In the absence of a consensus definition of TRD, this report takes a broad approach by considering inadequate response to one or more courses of antidepressants and focuses on atypical antipsychotics that are approved by the U...

BACKGROUND: The lack of clinical guidelines for the treatment of primary psychodermatologic disorders (PPDs) hinders the delivery of optimal care to patients. The review aimed to identify, appraise, and summarize the currently available evidence about the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological management of PPDs through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRIMSA) statement and the Global Evidence Mapping Initiative guidance were followed...

INTRODUCTION: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with scarce functioning and poor quality of life. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are currently first-line treatments, side effects are common and affect treatment compliance in approximately 50% of patients. This review aimed to summarize data on the efficacy of unlabeled molecules for SAD treatment. AREAS COVERED: Research in the main psychiatric databases was conducted (PubMed, PsychINFO, and EMBASE-Ovid) to select studies investigating the efficacy of marketed molecules not labeled for SAD treatment...

Introduction: Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a severe psychiatric illness diagnosed before the age of 18, which is associated with extreme shifts in mood characterized by manic and depressive episodes. In 2005, AACAP published algorithms to guide pharmacological treatment of manic/mixed episodes associated with PBD. At that time, lithium was the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for pediatric bipolar manic/mixed episodes. The goal of this article is to review evidence that has emerged since the AACAP algorithm in 2005...

BACKGROUND: Exposure of Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats to post-weaning social isolation rearing (SIR) causes depressive- and social anxiety-like symptoms resistant to, or worsened by, fluoxetine. SIR typically presents with psychotic-like symptoms, while the paradoxical response to fluoxetine suggests unaddressed psychotic-like manifestations. Psychotic depression (MDpsy) is invariably treatment resistant. To further explore the mood-psychosis continuum in fluoxetine resistant FSL-SIR rats (Mncube et al...

OBJECTIVE: People with mood disorders have increased risk of comorbid medical diseases versus the general population. It is paramount to identify interventions to improve physical health in this population. METHODS: Umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on pharmacological/non-pharmacological interventions for physical health outcomes/intolerability-related discontinuation in mood disorders (any age). RESULTS: Ninety-seven meta-analyses were included...

The addition of olanzapine to fluoxetine produces an antidepressant effect on fluoxetine nonresponders. Promoting hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with the successful treatment of depression. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction of olanzapine and fluoxetine in regulating neurogenesis. We found that fluoxetine alone does not affect cell proliferation and inhibits the neuronal differentiation of cultured neural stem cells (NSCs), but promotes NSCs proliferation and exerts no effect on neuronal fate when NSCs are co-cultured with neurons...

INTRODUCTION: The recommendations of the current guidelines are based on low quality evidence. Periodic updating is required, taking recent evidence into consideration. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise the best available clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of second-generation antidepressants and antipsychotics in patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS: Systematic review (CRD42020150577). We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Ovid(Cochrane), EMBASE and LILACS for randomised clinical trials performed in patients with anorexia nervosa that evaluated the use of second-generation antipsychotics or oral antidepressants, at any dose and for any length of time, in outpatient and/or hospital treatment, taking weight (body mass index), psychopathological entities and safety as results...

OBJECTIVES: Rapid cycling is a common and disabling phenomenon in individuals with bipolar disorders. In the absence of a recent literature examination, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the evidence of efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of treatments for individuals with rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD). METHOD: A systematic search was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials assigning participants with RCBD to pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological interventions...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Identifying medications that may be used as therapeutic agents for eating disorders is a longstanding focus of research, with varying degrees of success. The present review consolidates the most recent findings on pharmacological treatment of three eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent research suggests that olanzapine demonstrates positive effects on weight gain among outpatients with AN...

OBJECTIVE: Clinically significant weight gain (CSWG) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study describes CSWG and comorbidities observed in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and schizophrenia (SZ) after initiating select second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). METHODS: Percent change in weight, CSWG (=7% weight increase), and incident comorbidities within 12 months of treatment were assessed among patients initiating oral SGAs of moderate-to-high weight gain risk using medical records/claims (OM1 Real-World Data Cloud; January 2013-February 2020)...

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at high risk of psychiatric readmission while the factors associated with such adverse illness trajectories and the impact of the same factor at different follow-up times remain unclear. Based on machine learning (ML) approaches and real-world electronic medical records (EMR), we aimed to predict individual psychiatric readmission within 30, 60, 90, 180, and 365 days of an initial major depression hospitalization. In addition, we examined to what extent our prediction model could be made interpretable by quantifying and visualizing the features that drive the predictions at different follow-up times...

Recently, Salagre and Vieta commented on the complexity of implementing precision medicine in psychiatry. For 25 years, this author has focused on a circumscribed type of precision medicine: personalized dosing using pharmacokinetic mechanisms to stratified patients. This short communication focuses on personalized dosing of three oral antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone and paliperidone) and presents their maintenance dosing in a table which provides dose-correction factors generated by pharmacokinetic studies...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and discontinuation of augmentation agents in adult patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analyses (NMA) to combine direct and indirect comparisons of augmentation agents. METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials comparing one active drug with another or with placebo following a treatment course up to 24 weeks. Nineteen agents were included: stimulants, atypical antipsychotics, thyroid hormones, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers...