Face reconstruction

OBJECTIVE: To understand certain outstanding aspects of the life of the Basque surgeon and urologist Julián Guimón Rezola. His personal and bibliographic documentary legacy helps reconstruct his works and personal character. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed the written works of Julián Guimón Rezola and a collection of documents, letters, photographs, illustrations and objects from his personal and professional life, accessed through his family. We analysed the content of the author's main publications and related the documents to historic facts...

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat grafting is a common procedure for soft-tissue reconstruction but is associated with a graft resorption rate ranging from 20% to 80%. To improve the fat graft survival rate, a new technique, called cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL), was developed. With CAL, fat is injected along with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) that are assumed to improve fat survival rate. We conducted an evidence-based meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAL as compared with conventional autologous fat grafting (non-CAL)...

Progress in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the availability of new composite materials are driving major advances in the design of aerospace engine components which now have highly complex geometries optimized to maximize system performance. However, shape complexity poses significant challenges to traditional non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods whose sensitivity and selectivity rapidly decrease as surface curvature increases. Additionally, new aerospace materials typically exhibit an intricate microstructure that further complicates the inspection...

Astrocytes are ubiquitous in the brain and are widely held to be largely identical. However, this view has not been fully tested, and the possibility that astrocytes are neural circuit specialized remains largely unexplored. Here, we used multiple integrated approaches, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy, morphological reconstructions, pharmacogenetics, and diffusible dye, calcium, and glutamate imaging, to directly compare adult striatal and hippocampal astrocytes under identical conditions...

PURPOSE: This cadaveric study aimed to elucidate PCL morphology by observing the anatomical relationship with other structures and the fibre layers of the PCL in cross section for remnant preserving PCL reconstruction. METHODS: Seventeen fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were studied, using the clock-face method to analyse the anatomical relationship between the PCL and Humphrey's ligament. The width and thickness of the PCL, Humphrey's and Wrisberg's ligaments were measured...

The facial-cervical scars bring the suffering to the patients both physically and mentally. Choosing a proper donor soft tissue is always one of the critical issues, especially to Asian patients. Among the common used donor sites, the deltopectoral site was conceived as the most suitable donor tissue for the reconstruction in face and neck for its adjacent site and match in color and texture. There were 220 patients with facial-cervical scars reconstructed by the pedicled expanded deltopectoral flap between 2007 through 2015 in the authors' hospital...

The locality preserving projections algorithm (LPP) is a recently developed linear dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithm that has been frequently used in face recognition and other applications. However, the projection matrix in LPP is not orthogonal, thus creating difficulties for both reconstruction and other applications. As the orthogonality property is desirable, orthogonal LPP (OLPP) has been proposed so that an orthogonal projection matrix can be obtained based on a step by step procedure; however, this makes the algorithm computationally more expensive...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting, a promising technique with various clinical applications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Literature review of publications concerning autologous fat grafting. RESULTS: Since its introduction, lipofilling has become increasingly popular; however, its results are variable and unpredictable. Several modifications have been made to the procedures of fat harvesting, processing, and injecting...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present a new immediate reconstructive option for oral tissue defects with a pedicled buccal fat pad flap in oral surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen cases (10 males, 5 females; mean age: 50 years) suffering from oral tumor and attending the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University were included in this study. All patients underwent immediate repair surgery involving a pedicled buccal fat pad graft in oral surgery, from July 2013 to August 2016...

The nose is a critically important aesthetic and functional portion of the face. We can explore nasal defects following trauma or tumor resections. Reconstructive techniques based on primary closure, skin graft, local flap, regional flap and microvascular free tissue transfer provides an algorithmic framework applicable to any reconstructive problem. From 2010 to 2016, 33 patients were treated with nasal reconstruction. Malignant tumor resection was the main cause of nasal defect. The most common tumor resected was BCC (basal cell carcinoma) followed by SCC (squamous cell carcinoma)...

Razanandrongobe sakalavae Maganuco, Dal Sasso & Pasini, 2006 is a large predatory archosaur from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of the Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar. It was diagnosed on the basis of teeth and a fragmentary maxilla, but its affinities were uncertain. Here we describe new cranial remains (above all, an almost complete right premaxilla and a caudally incomplete left dentary) that greatly improve our knowledge on this enigmatic species and reveal its anatomy to be crocodylomorph. The right premaxilla indicates that the rostrum was deep, wide, and not pointed; it bears five teeth that are sub-vertical and just slightly curved lingually; the mesial teeth are U-shaped in cross-section and have serrated carinae on the lingual side; the aperturae nasi osseae (external bony nares) are confluent and face rostrally; and there is no lateral groove at the premaxillomaxillary suture for reception of a hypertrophied lower caniniform tooth...

Attenuation correction (AC) is required for accurate quantitative evaluation of small animal PET data. Our objective was to compare three AC methods in the small animal Clairvivo-PET scanner. The three AC methods involve applying attenuation coefficient maps generated by simulating a cylindrical map (SAC), segmenting the emission data (ESAC), and segmenting the transmission data (TSAC), imaged using a (137)Cs single-photon source. Investigation was carried out using a 65 mm uniform cylinder and an NEMA NU4 2008 mouse phantom, filled with water or tungsten liquid, to mimic bone...

Tailings are artificial soil-forming substrates that have not been created by the natural processes of soil formation and weathering. The extreme pH environment and corresponding low availability of some macro- and micronutrients in alkaline tailings, coupled with hostile physical and geochemical conditions, present a challenging environment to native biota. Some significant nutritional constraints to ecosystem reconstruction on alkaline tailings include i) predominant or complete absence of combined nitrogen (N) and poor soil N retention; ii) the limited bioavailability of some micronutrients at high soil pH (e...

The most common complications of irradiated implant-based mammary reconstruction are fibrosis and capsular contracture. The indications for postmastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy have considerably broadened. Facing an increased number of patients who will require radiotherapy, most guidelines recommend delaying reconstruction after radiotherapy to prevent long-term fibrotic complications. Does radiotherapy permanently alter cellular properties which will adversely affect implant-based reconstruction? If so, is there a benefit in delaying reconstruction after radiotherapy? Our in vitro model simulates two implant-based mammary reconstruction approaches: the irradiated implant and the delayed implant reconstructions by using an implant inset beneath healthy non-irradiated tissue post radiotherapy...

Nerve reconstructions are the preferred technique for short-standing facial paralysis, most commonly using the contralateral facial nerve or ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve. The hypoglossal nerve provides a strong motor signal, whereas the signal of a cross-face nerve graft is weaker but spontaneous. Spontaneity in facial expression is believed to be important for psychological wellbeing. Therefore, a combination of the two procedures incorporates the best of both: a strong motor signal and a spontaneous smile...

Current photon counting x-ray detector (PCD) technology faces limitations associated with spectral fidelity and photon starvation. One strategy for addressing these limitations is to supplement PCD data with high-resolution, low-noise data acquired with an energy-integrating detector (EID). In this work, we propose an iterative, hybrid reconstruction technique which combines the spectral properties of PCD data with the resolution and signal-to-noise characteristics of EID data. Our hybrid reconstruction technique is based on an algebraic model of data fidelity which substitutes the EID data into the data fidelity term associated with the PCD reconstruction, resulting in a joint reconstruction problem...

RATIONALE: Precise bony reduction and reconstruction of optimal contour in treating comminuted mandibular fractures is very difficult using traditional techniques and devices. The aim of this report is to introduce our experiences in using virtual surgery and three-dimensional (3D) printing technique in treating this clinical challenge. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 26-year-old man presented with severe trauma in the maxillofacial area due to fall from height. DIAGNOSIS: Computed tomography images revealed middle face fractures and comminuted mandibular fracture including bilateral condyles...

In segmentation of human orbit in computer tomography (CT) images, traditional approaches are slice-by-slice manual editing or shape interpolation with selected slices interactively. It is not only time consuming, but also inefficient, exhibits inter-operator variability and repeatability problems. In this study, we aim to develop a computational approach to the segmentation of orbits. The first step is to perform Hounsfield unit thresholding to segment the bony structure around the orbit. Then a three dimensional (3D) mesh model is generated...

BACKGROUND: Following resection of malignant tumors of the spine and pelvis, reconstructive surgeons often face large structural defects. Unlike reconstruction in the extremities, wherein a free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) is a highly utilized option for segmental osseous reconstruction, there are limited data on the use of an FVFG in the spine and pelvis. The aim of this study was to review our institution's experience with reconstruction with use of an FVFG following oncological resection in the spine and pelvis...

Reconstruction of defects of the lips after Mohs micrographic surgery should encompass functional and aesthetic concerns. The lower lip and chin compose two-thirds of the lower portion of the face. The focus of this article is local tissue transfer for primarily cutaneous defects after Mohs surgery. Various flaps exist for repair. For small defects, elliptical excision with primary closure is a viable option. During reconstruction of the lip, all of the involved layers need to be addressed, including mucosa, muscle, and the vermillion or cutaneous lip...