Trust but verify

Automated fact-checking, using machine learning to verify claims, has grown vital as misinformation spreads beyond human fact-checking capacity. Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 are increasingly trusted to write academic papers, lawsuits, and news articles and to verify information, emphasizing their role in discerning truth from falsehood and the importance of being able to verify their outputs. Understanding the capacities and limitations of LLMs in fact-checking tasks is therefore essential for ensuring the health of our information ecosystem...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Trauma surgical dogma teaches that patients should have intraoperative angiography (IA) if the surgeon cannot identify a pulse in the injured extremity following a vascular repair. This study was undertaken to assess the utility of IA in trauma patients who underwent open brachial or femoral artery revascularization. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the Prospective Observational Vascular Injury Trial (PROOVIT) database from 2013 to 2021 evaluated patients >15 years with penetrating or blunt injuries requiring operative intervention of the brachial, superficial femoral, or common femoral arteries...

Thriving at work is a relatively new concept in the field of organizational behavior, and many scholars have emphasized the importance of its outcomes in the last decade or so, but we still know little about the possible dark side of thriving at work. In this study, based on the conservation of resources theory, we studied the effect of thriving at work on work-family conflict, the mediating effects of workaholism, and the moderating effects of work-family separation preference and trust climate. By analyzing 372 samples, we found that thriving at work was significantly and positively related to work-family conflict; workaholism partially mediated the relationship between thriving at work and work-family conflict; work-family separation preference negatively moderated the relationship between thriving at work and workaholism...

BACKGROUND: Discrimination between patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases and healthy controls on the basis of endoscopic imaging is an challenging problem for machine learning models. Such task is used here as the testbed for a novel deep learning classification pipeline, powered by a set of solutions enhancing characterising elements such as reproducibility, interpretability, reduced computational workload, bias-free modeling and careful image preprocessing. RESULTS: First, an automatic preprocessing procedure is devised, aimed to remove artifacts from clinical data, feeding then the resulting images to an aggregated per-patient model to mimic the clinicians decision process...

In this editorial, the editor considers issues of trust, accountability, and verification in the work of scholars, institutions, and journals, and challenges readers to examine the interdependencies of trust, accountability, and verification in shaping the field of health professions education.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are applied in many fields, among which node localization is one of the most important parts. The Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm is the most widely used range-free localization algorithm, but its localization accuracy is not high enough. In this paper, to solve this problem, a hybrid localization algorithm for an adaptive strategy-based distance vector-hop and improved sparrow search is proposed (HADSS). First, an adaptive hop count strategy is designed to refine the hop count between all sensor nodes, using a hop count correction factor for secondary correction...

Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider community responses and to involve them. We present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications with regard to climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran's (2002) concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate insertional damage on explanted cephalomedullary nails and to differentiate typical from atypical wear to characterize outliers. DESIGN: Therapeutic. SETTING: Level II trauma center. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent removal of an implanted cephalomedullary nail for any reason from 2015 to 2023. METHODS: Inspection of implants was performed at ×1000 magnification with a light microscope...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption to facilitate social interaction is an important drinking motive. Here, we tested whether alcohol influences trust in others via modulation of oxytocin and/or androgens. We also aimed at confirming previously shown alcohol effects on positive affect and risk-taking, because of their role in facilitating social interaction. METHODS: This randomized, controlled, within-subject, parallel group, alcohol-challenge experiment investigated the effects of alcohol (versus water, both mixed with orange juice) on perceived trustworthiness via salivary oxytocin (primary and secondary endpoint) as well as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, positive affect, and risk-taking (additional endpoints)...

BACKGROUND: Non-experimental studies (also known as observational studies) are valuable for estimating the effects of various medical interventions, but are notoriously difficult to evaluate because the methods used in non-experimental studies require untestable assumptions. This lack of intrinsic verifiability makes it difficult both to compare different non-experimental study methods and to trust the results of any particular non-experimental study. METHODS: We introduce TrialProbe, a data resource and statistical framework for the evaluation of non-experimental methods...

Domain adaptation (DA) aims to alleviate the domain shift between source domain and target domain. Most DA methods require access to the source data, but often that is not possible (e.g. due to data privacy or intellectual property). In this paper, we address the challenging source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) problem, where the source pretrained model is adapted to the target domain in the absence of source data. Our method is based on the observation that target data, which might not align with the source domain classifier, still forms clear clusters...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In wake of covid19, many countries are shifting their paper-based health record management from manual processes to digital ones. The major benefit of digital health record is that data can be easily shared. As health data is sensitive, more security is to be provided to gain the trust of stakeholders. In this paper, a novel secure authentication protocol is planned for digitalizing personal health record that will be used by the user. While transacting data, a key is used to secure it. Many protocols used elliptic curve cryptography...

Web archives, such as the Internet Archive, preserve the web and allow access to prior states of web pages. We implicitly trust their versions of archived pages, but as their role moves from preserving curios of the past to facilitating present day adjudication, we are concerned with verifying the fixity of archived web pages, or mementos, to ensure they have always remained unaltered. A widely used technique in digital preservation to verify the fixity of an archived resource is to periodically compute a cryptographic hash value on a resource and then compare it with a previous hash value...

In recent years, significant progress has been made in transdermal drug delivery systems, but there is still a search for enhancers that can improve the absorption of active substances through the stratum corneum . Although permeation enhancers have been described in the scientific literature, the use of naturally occurring substances in this role is still of particular interest, because they can offer a high level of safety of use, with a low risk of skin irritation, and high efficiency. In addition, these ingredients are biodegradable, easily available, and widely accepted by consumers due to the growing trust in natural compounds...

BACKGROUND: Advanced machine learning models have received wide attention in assisting medical decision making due to the greater accuracy they can achieve. However, their limited interpretability imposes barriers for practitioners to adopt them. Recent advancements in interpretable machine learning tools allow us to look inside the black box of advanced prediction methods to extract interpretable models while maintaining similar prediction accuracy, but few studies have investigated the specific hospital readmission prediction problem with this spirit...

PURPOSE: With the increasingly fierce market competitions, non-linear development of organizations through bootlegging has become a key path for enterprises to advance competitiveness. Motivating employees to carry out bootlegging in an organization is becoming an important issue many enterprises face now. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between leader's positive humor and employee bootlegging. We introduced norm violation acceptability as the mediating variable and trust in leader as the moderating variable to propose a theoretical model and verified it by structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analysis separately...

An exponential number of devices connect to Internet of Things (IoT) networks every year, increasing the available targets for attackers. Protecting such networks and devices against cyberattacks is still a major concern. A proposed solution to increase trust in IoT devices and networks is remote attestation. Remote attestation establishes two categories of devices, verifiers and provers. Provers must send an attestation to verifiers when requested or at regular intervals to maintain trust by proving their integrity...