"médecin"

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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) genotype 1 and 2 infect an estimated 20 million people each year, via the faecal-oral transmission route. An urban outbreak of HEV occurred in Am Timan, Chad, between September 2016 and April 2017. As part of the outbreak response, Médecins Sans Frontières and the Ministry of Health implemented water and hygiene interventions, including the chlorination of town water sources. We aimed to understand whether these water treatment activities had any impact on the number of HEV infections, using geospatial analysis of epidemiological and water treatment monitoring data...

The Association des médecins de langue française d'Amérique du Nord (AMLFAN) was founded in Québec at the turn of the twentieth century. The physicians who convened at the Association between 1902 and 1910 shared a concern for the degeneration of the French-Canadian "race" under the effects of alcoholism, tuberculosis, and syphilis. For hygienists such as Arthur Rousseau and Charles-Narcisse Valin, this state of degeneration called for hygienic measures that would help regenerate and improve the French-Canadian race...

INTRODUCTION: Afghanistan is affected by one of the world's longest protracted armed conflicts, frequent natural disasters, disease outbreaks and large population movements and it suffers from a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), including rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). The study shows Médecins Sans Frontières' experiences with care for patients with RR-TB in Kandahar Province. We describe the uptake of RR-TB treatment, how World Health Organisation criteria for the choice between the short and an individualized regimen were implemented, and treatment outcomes...

BACKGROUND: To support student well-being, a mindfulness curriculum in undergraduate medical education was launched at our university in 2014. We describe the program and report 3-year results. METHODS: Medical students responded to online questionnaires on mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory), empathy (Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and were surveyed for demographics, home practice, and subjective experience at curriculum launch and yearly for 3 years...

Selon la dernière étude de prévalence (2012), on estime qu'environ 13 000 femmes excisées et 4000 filles à risque vivent en Belgique. Définir la meilleure approche stratégique en matière de prévention des mutilations génitales féminines (MGF) reste un défi. Ainsi la place de l'examen des organes génitaux externes des filles lors des visites de médecine préventive comme moyen de prévention des MGF est régulièrement débattue par les professionnels et les politiques depuis une dizaine d'année en Belgique sans qu'un consensus ait été trouvé...

Each of canada's provinces and territories needs to modernize its basket of insured health services to reflect a broader conceptualization of healthcare. The narrow focus on hospital and physician services excludes multidisciplinary care models, such as those reflected by Family Health Teams in Ontario, Groupe de médecine de famille in Québec and primary care networks in Alberta. In these models, a wider range of services and supports is being used to respond to changing demographics and patterns of morbidity, and whose residents' care needs include social workers, mental health providers, personal support workers and dietitians...

Besides loss of life and property, natural disasters result in a number of renal challenges, either by the creation of rhabdomyolysis and crush-induced acute kidney injury or by the destruction of existing dialysis facilities, leaving chronic dialysis patients and kidney transplanted patients without access to their regular dialysis, medications, or medical care. This review describes the organization and the many international interventions of the International Society of Nephrology Renal Disaster Relief Task Force over the past 2 decades...

Dissecting aneurysms of the internal carotid artery were considered as very rare disorders before the seventies. Undiagnosed carotid-artery dissections, however, may have gone hidden behind earlier reports of delayed "apoplexy" due to "traumatic carotid thrombosis". Here, we present a case report of delayed stroke after trauma, published by Aristide Verneuil in 1872 in the Bulletin de l'Académie de Médecine and cited under the heading of vascular rupture and dissecting aneurysm by Heinrich Quincke in 1876...

BACKGROUND: In 2011, Benin introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13), in a single-dose vial, into its Expanded Programme for Immunisation (EPI) with support from Gavi. In April 2018, with the support of the Agence de Médecine Préventive Afrique (AMP) and other technical and financial partners, the single-dose vial was transitioned to a four-dose vial. Here we describe the decision-making process and the experience of the vaccinators during the change. METHODS: We carried out semi-structured, individual interviews with 61 participants individuals involved in the EPI: 7 from central level, 5 from regional level, 7 from township level and 42 from district level...

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Attacks against humanitarian aid workers have received increasing attention in the media, particularly high-profile incidents such as those against the hospitals of Médecins Sans Frontières in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen. Concurrently, scholarly research has given rise to a number of articles, white papers, and books on humanitarian insecurity. Most of this work centres on external threats, neglecting the internal mechanisms that humanitarian organisations use to mitigate security situations. This paper builds on the existing literature by focusing on the decision-making processes of humanitarian organisations, drawing on data collected from 16 security managers or advisers...

BACKGROUND: Cholera remains a leading cause of infectious disease outbreaks globally, and a major public health threat in complex emergencies. Hygiene kits distributed to cholera case-households have previously shown an effect in reducing cholera incidence and are recommended by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) for distribution to admitted patients and accompanying household members upon admission to health care facilities (HCFs). METHODS: This process evaluation documented the implementation, participant response and context of hygiene kit distribution by MSF during a 2018 cholera outbreak in Kasaï-Oriental, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)...

BACKGROUND: Often neglected, male-directed sexual violence (SV) has recently gained recognition as a significant issue. However, documentation of male SV patients, assaults and characteristics of presentation for care remains poor. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) systematically documented these in all victims admitted to eleven SV clinics in seven African countries between 2011 and 2017, providing a unique opportunity to describe SV patterns in male cases compared to females, according to age categories and contexts, thereby improving their access to SV care...

BACKGROUND: Following a knowledge management analysis, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) - a medical humanitarian non-governmental organisation (NGO) - identified significant loss of medical knowledge from the field, owing primarily to the absence of a platform on which to share clinical lessons learned in humanitarian and resource-limited settings (HRLS). Wishing to address these missed opportunities to retain important scientific and pragmatic knowledge, the NGO has begun to actively encourage its clinicians to publish case reports/series that bring new and/or practical insights of benefit to patients and population groups...

The Syrian conflict has caused enormous displacement of a population with a high non-communicable disease (NCD) burden into surrounding countries, overwhelming health systems' NCD care capacity. Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) developed a primary-level NCD programme, serving Syrian refugees and the host population in Irbid, Jordan, to assist the response. Cost data, which are currently lacking, may support programme adaptation and system scale up of such NCD services. This descriptive costing study from the provider perspective explored financial costs of the MSF NCD programme...

The aim of this case report is to share with the forensic science community the experience of a rare complication of sickle cell anemia: acute chest syndrome. In October 2016, at the port of the city of Trapani (Sicily, Italy), the landing of an ONG "Médecins Sans Frontières" ship took place with 548 non-EU citizens and a corpse on board. The man, in the hours before his death, complained of severe chest pain and respiratory difficulties, and, despite of the therapeutic aids and resuscitation maneuvers, lastly died...

BACKGROUND: Ebola virus disease case definition is a crucial surveillance tool to detect suspected cases for referral and as a screening tool for clinicians to support admission and laboratory testing decisions at Ebola health facilities. We aimed to assess the performance of the WHO Ebola virus disease case definitions and other screening scores. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published in English between June 13, 1978, and Jan 14, 2020...

BACKGROUND: Imipenem, an intravenous antibiotic is recommended for use in drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) when an effective regimen with combination of other second line drugs is not possible. Though the treatment success rates with carbapenems are promising, the twice daily injection of Imipenem usually requires patients to be hospitalized. The Médecins Sans Frontières independent clinic in Mumbai, India implemented ambulatory and home based management of patients receiving Imipenem through the use of port-a-cath...

BACKGROUND: Minimal data are available on the clinical activity of general practitioners (GPs) in Africa. OBJECTIVE: To describe the health problems managed by GPs in Mali as compared with France where epidemiological transition is already advanced. METHODS: A retrospective, multicenter study, conducted in five Malian Community Health Centers. We compared their consultation data to those of the ECOGEN (Eléments de la COnsultation en médecine GENérale) study conducted in 128 French general practices, after data standardization for age and sex...