keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21887193/changes-in-the-globus-pallidus-in-chronic-kernicterus
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Umesh C Parashari, Ragini Singh, Rajesh Yadav, Pallavi Aga
The objective of the study was to establish the diagnosis of kernicterus as a cause of seizures and abnormal movements in a 1-year-old child. We performed an MRI of the brain of the child on our 1.5 T scanner. The MRI of the patient showed high signals on T2-weighted images in the globus pallidus bilaterally, with no evidence of mass effect. Because of an increased risk of hearing loss, the brain-stem evoked response examination was also performed. The brain-stem evoked response examination showed bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss...
July 2009: Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19583707/reversibility-of-acute-intermediate-phase-bilirubin-encephalopathy
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thor Willy Ruud Hansen, Lutz Nietsch, Elisabeth Norman, Jesper Vandborg Bjerre, Jean-Michel Hascoet, Khalaf Mreihil, Finn Ebbesen
AIM: To show the potential for reversing acute intermediate to advanced phase bilirubin encephalopathy. METHODS: Case studies. RESULTS: Six extremely jaundiced infants had symptoms of intermediate to advanced phase acute bilirubin encephalopathy. The infants were treated aggressively. Two patients had brain magnetic resonance imaging showing increased signals in the globus pallidus. On follow-up, all infants are neurologically normal. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate-to-advanced stage acute bilirubin encephalopathy may occasionally be reversible...
October 2009: Acta Paediatrica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19433515/kernicterus-in-preterm-infants
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akihisa Okumura, Hiroyuki Kidokoro, Hiromichi Shoji, Tomoyuki Nakazawa, Masakazu Mimaki, Katsunori Fujii, Hiroshi Oba, Toshiaki Shimizu
OBJECTIVE: We sought to clarify the features of kernicterus in preterm infants. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 8 preterm infants with athetoid cerebral palsy whose gestational ages were < or =34 weeks. We retrospectively investigated clinical, laboratory, MRI, and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) findings. RESULTS: Gestational age was < or =26 weeks in 6 of the 8 infants, and birth weight was <1000 g in 5 infants...
June 2009: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19292951/-differentiation-of-hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy-and-acute-bilirubin-encephalopathy-with-magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-neonates
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei-Hua Liao, Xiao-Yi Wang, Wu-Lin Wu, Xin-Ya Jiang, Yun-Hai Liu, Fang Liu, Run-Wen Wang
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighed imaging (DWI) in the differentiation of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates. METHODS: The MRI findings along with DWI characteristics in 15 neonates with HIE involving basal ganglia and in 18 neonates with acute bilirubin encephalopathy between November 2006 and June 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: On T1WI, only 5 patients presented hyperintensity in the globus pallidus in the HIE group, but 16 in the acute bilirubin encephalopathy group (p<0...
March 2009: Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke za Zhi, Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18563403/studying-neonatal-bilirubin-encephalopathy-with-conventional-mri-mrs-and-dwi
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoyi Wang, Wulin Wu, Bob L Hou, Ping Zhang, Ashley Chineah, Fan Liu, Weihua Liao
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy. METHODS: We collected conventional MRI in 24 neonates with neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy. We performed (1)H-MRS and DWI sequences to nine of the 24 patients and seven age-matched healthy control subjects. Multiple-voxel (1)H-MRS data were acquired using PRESS pulse sequence with TE = 135 ms and TR = 1500 ms...
October 2008: Neuroradiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17937977/bilirubin-encephalopathy-a-study-of-neuronal-subpopulations-and-neurodegenerative-mechanisms-in-12-autopsy-cases
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yasuo Hachiya, Masaharu Hayashi
Bilirubin encephalopathy (BE), which includes acute (kernicterus) and chronic (postkernicteric) forms, results from severe neonatal jaundice. In order to investigate neurodegenerative mechanisms in autopsy cases of BE, we immunohistochemically examined expressions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and calcium-binding proteins in the basal ganglia; and deposition of oxidative products. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was reduced in the putamen in cases of acute BE, and in the globus pallidus in cases of acute and chronic postkernicteric BE...
April 2008: Brain & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16264013/clinical-video-findings-and-cerebrospinal-fluid-neurotransmitters-in-2-children-with-severe-chronic-bilirubin-encephalopathy-including-a-former-preterm-infant-without-marked-hyperbilirubinemia-video
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie L Merhar, Donald L Gilbert
Chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, characterized clinically by extrapyramidal movement abnormalities, vertical gaze abnormalities, and hearing loss, results from neuronal injury after marked hyperbilirubinemia in term and preterm infants. In premature infants, bilirubin staining of specific brain structures has been described at autopsy after only moderate hyperbilirubinemia, but classic chronic bilirubin encephalopathy without marked hyperbilirubinemia has been reported only rarely. We report a case of a 7-year-old, former 29-weeks' gestation, gravely ill premature infant with a peak bilirubin level of 13...
November 2005: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/16225171/neurological-complications-of-kernicterus
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suad F AlOtaibi, Susan Blaser, Daune L MacGregor
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: Prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy relies on the detection of newborns who are at risk of developing serious hyperbilirubinemia. The objective of this study was to reassess the clinical syndrome of kernicterus as neurodiagnostic studies have become more readily available and can be used to evaluate these infants. METHODS: The study population was neonates born at term or near term admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between January 1990 and May 2000...
August 2005: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15956531/1h-mr-spectroscopic-characteristics-of-kernicterus-a-possible-metabolic-signature
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wendy K Oakden, Aideen M Moore, Susan Blaser, Michael D Noseworthy
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR examination of infants with kernicterus shows abnormal changes in signal intensity in various parts of the brain, including the globus pallidus and subthalamic regions. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze proton ((1)H) MR spectroscopic data to see if the MR spectroscopic profiles of infants with hyperbilirubinemia and symptoms of kernicterus provide new insights into the pathophysiology of bilirubin neurotoxicity. METHODS: Six patients aged 3 days to 3 weeks, with hyperbilirubinemia and symptoms of kernicterus underwent MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with a single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopic sequence...
June 2005: AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15578034/definition-of-the-clinical-spectrum-of-kernicterus-and-bilirubin-induced-neurologic-dysfunction-bind
#30
REVIEW
Steven M Shapiro
Kernicterus, currently used to describe both the neuropathology of bilirubin-induced brain injury and its associated clinical findings, is a complex syndrome. The neurobiology of kernicterus, including the determinants and mechanisms of neuronal injury, is discussed along with traditional and evolving definitions ranging from classical kernicterus with athetoid cerebral palsy, impaired upward gaze and deafness, to isolated conditions, for example, auditory neuropathy or dys-synchrony (AN/AD), and subtle bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND)...
January 2005: Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15565320/hyperintense-globus-pallidus-on-t1-weighted-mr-imaging-in-acute-kernicterus-is-it-common-or-rare
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdulhakim Coskun, Ali Yikilmaz, Sefer Kumandas, Okkes Ibrahim Karahan, Mustafa Akcakus, Ali Manav
Globus pallidus involvement is a well-known magnetic resonance (MR) imaging finding of acute kernicterus. However, it is not clear how early the involvement of globus pallidus occurs and whether or not it is seen in every case. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the globus pallidus involvement in 13 neonates with acute kernicterus by MR imaging. Thirteen neonates who were admitted with jaundice, encephalopathy and indirect hyperbilirubinemia (mean, 37.0 mg/dl) were prospectively evaluated with cranial MR imaging...
June 2005: European Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/15091133/bilateral-mesial-temporal-sclerosis-and-kernicterus
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yahya Paksoy, Hasan Koç, Bülent Oğuz Genç
Two children with mental retardation, choreoathetosis, dystonia, and muscle rigidity are reported. They had a history of severe hyperbilirubinemia after birth as a result of Rh isoimmunization. The history and clinical picture suggested the diagnosis of kernicterus. The magnetic resonance imaging examination showed a bilateral signal intensity increase in the globus pallidus on T2-weighted images. Additionally, our patients showed symmetric bilateral hyperintensity and volume loss in the hippocampus, which is known to be another characteristic area of bilirubin deposition in kernicterus...
March 2004: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
https://read.qxmd.com/read/14684236/bilirubin-toxicity-in-the-developing-nervous-system
#33
REVIEW
Steven M Shapiro
Bilirubin toxicity remains a significant problem despite recent advances in the care of jaundiced (hyperbilirubinemic) neonates. A recent surge in reported cases of classical kernicterus, due in part to earlier hospital discharge and relaxation of treatment criteria for hyperbilirubinemia, and new reports of hyperbilirubinemia-induced auditory dysfunction using evoked potential based infant testing and hearing screening, underscore the need to better understand how hyperbilirubinemia causes brain damage in some infants, especially because the damage is preventable...
November 2003: Pediatric Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/14654594/changes-in-globus-pallidus-with-pre-term-kernicterus
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Govaert, Maarten Lequin, Renate Swarte, Simon Robben, René De Coo, Nynke Weisglas-Kuperus, Yolanda De Rijke, Maarten Sinaasappel, James Barkovich
OBJECTIVE: We report serial magnetic resonance (MR) and sonographic behavior of globus pallidus in 5 preterm and 3 term infants with kernicterus and describe the clinical context in very low birth weight preterm infants. On the basis of this information, we suggest means of diagnosis and prevention. METHODS: Charts and MR and ultrasound images of 5 preterm infants and 3 term infants with suspected bilirubin-associated brain damage were reviewed. Included were preterm infants with severe hearing loss, quadriplegic hypertonia, and abnormal hypersignal of globus pallidus on T2-weighted MR imaging (MRI)...
December 2003: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12581055/mri-in-kernicterus
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zarine Shah, Ashish Chawla, Deepak Patkar, Sona Pungaonkar
Kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy) is a disease entity with a very high rate of mortality in neonates. The children who survive are left with neurological deficits such as choreoathetosis, sensorineural deafness and mental retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in this condition has specific findings which aid in the accurate diagnosis of the condition, along with clinical and biochemical criteria. Reports have shown involvement of the globus pallidus, putamen, and less commonly the thalamus...
March 2003: Australasian Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12111076/thalamic-involvement-in-a-patient-with-kernicterus
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yüksel Yilmaz, Gazanfer Ekinci
We report the MR imaging findings of a 16-month-old boy with dyskinetic cerebral palsy resulting from kernicterus. T2-weighted images showed symmetric bilateral hyperintensity in the thalamus in addition to the globus pallidus.
July 2002: European Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11704404/magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-three-children-with-kernicterus
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Sugama, A Soeda, Y Eto
The incidence of kernicterus has been greatly reduced by effective monitoring and treatment for hyperbilirubinemia. Findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with kernicterus are characteristic. This study presents three cases of possible kernicterus without typical symptoms but with MRI features consistent with kernicterus. These cases suggest that kernicterus can develop, especially in preterm infants, in the presence of relatively low levels of bilirubin and the absence of obvious acute symptoms...
October 2001: Pediatric Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11417616/magnetic-resonance-imaging-findings-in-patients-with-severe-neonatal-indirect-hyperbilirubinemia
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Y Yilmaz, G Alper, G Kiliçoglu, L Celik, L Karadeniz, S Yilmaz-Değirmenci
The aim of this study was to document the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of cases with a history of severe neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Ten cases (eight cases with neurologic findings, two normal cases) with a history of severe neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia were studied. Neurologic findings and MRI results were described and correlated. Seven of eight cases with neurologic findings demonstrated symmetric and uniform increased T2 signal changes limited to globus pallidi. MRI scans of two cases without neurologic findings showed no abnormality...
June 2001: Journal of Child Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11019789/possible-mechanisms-in-infants-for-selective-basal-ganglia-damage-from-asphyxia-kernicterus-or-mitochondrial-encephalopathies
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M V Johnston, A H Hoon
Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropathologic studies have demonstrated remarkably selective patterns of injury to subregions of the basal ganglia in children. Examples are kernicterus and certain mitochondrial encephalopathies, which cause selective injury to the globus pallidus, and near-total perinatal asphyxia, which causes lesions in the putamen and thalamus. To explain the differential vulnerability of nuclei within millimeters of each other, we hypothesize that their locations within the neurotransmitter-specific circuitry of the basal ganglia motor loop are important...
September 2000: Journal of Child Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/10602975/mr-findings-in-a-patient-with-kernicterus
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Steinborn, K C Seelos, A Heuck, H von Voss, M Reiser
We report on a 2.5-year-old boy with severe mental retardation, choreoathetosis, dystonia, muscle rigidity, opisthotonus and severe hearing impairment. He had history of severe hyperbilirubinaemia immediately after birth presumably due to ABO incompatibility. The history and the clinical picture suggested the diagnosis of Kernicterus. The MR imaging examination upon admission revealed bilateral signal intensity increase in the globus pallidum on T2-weighted sequences. Additionally, our patient showed signal intensity changes within the subthalamic nuclei, which is known to be another characteristic area of bilirubin deposition in Kernicterus...
1999: European Radiology
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