Left Ventricular Aneurysm

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness in the absence of any other identifiable cause of thickness. It predisposes the patient to increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to fatal arrhythmias. Approximately 2% of the HCM patients have left ventricular apical aneurysm. CMR imaging is better in identifying this apical aneurysm as compared to echocardiogram. This apical aneurysm, which can be akinetic or dyskinetic, increases the risk of disease-related adverse events as compared to general HCM...

We present a case of a 63-year-old patient referred to a cardiology consultation due to progressive symptoms of heart failure. He had a history of an inferior ST elevation acute myocardial infarction 6 years ago. Echocardiogram revealed a giant left ventricular aneurysm/pseudoaneurysm involving the inferior and inferolateral left ventricular walls, with a massive mural thrombus. Additional characterization was done by cardiac magnetic resonance, essential in establishing the diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm and to guide subsequent management...

We present a case of posterior ventricular septal rupture associated to left ventricular aneurysm manged, during peri-operative period, by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography findings add adjunctive and more accurate information regarding morphological details of the ventricular septal rupture rather than two-dimensional echocardiography, allowing, meanwhile, the detection of the outcome of the surgical repair.

The high spatial resolution of cardiac computed tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) permit the diagnosis of congenital ventricular outpouchings (CVOs), including congenital ventricular diverticula (CVD), congenital ventricular aneurysms (CVA), clefts, and crypts. A unique classification has not been established, and these terms are used interchangeably with confounding terminology. Moreover, their significance is not univocal. A research was performed using PubMed on six subjects: (1) congenital left ventricular outpouchings; (2) congenital ventricular diverticulum; (3) congenital ventricular aneurysm; (4) ventricular clefts; (5) ventricular crypts; and (6) ventricular crevices...

Background: Submitral left ventricular aneurysm is a rarely reported cardiac abnormality that is encountered commonly among blacks. So far, only one case has been reported from Ethiopia and East Africa.Our aim is to report an interesting and rare case that we encountered at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College. Methods: In April 2017, a 25-year-old patient havingsubmitral left ventricular aneurysm with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure and mild left ventricular systolic dysfunctionreceived medical treatment at our institution...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the consequences of an early catheter-based intervention on pulmonary artery (PA) growth and right ventricular (RV) myocardial function in an animal model of branch PA stenosis. BACKGROUND: Acute results and safety profiles of deliberate stent fracture within the pulmonary vasculature have been demonstrated. The long-term impact of early stent intervention and deliberate stent fracture on PA growth and myocardial function is not understood...

OBJECTIVES: Favourable outcomes with mitral annuloplasty have been achieved with transapical cardioscopic (TAC) surgery in a survival animal model. In addition, experimental TAC on a non-survival animal model also showed adequate access to remove the native mitral valve and implant a prosthetic valve, but the surgical procedure took a long time and lacked follow-up data. The goal of this study was to develop a clinically translatable TAC mitral valve replacement (MVR) procedure using technical and instrumental refinements to reduce the surgical time and to evaluate functional recovery and short-term durability using a survival porcine model...

Congenital left ventricular aneurysm or diverticulum are rare cardiac malformations described in 809 cases since the first description in 1816, being associated with other cardiac, vascular or thoraco-abdominal abnormalities in about 70%. It appears to be a developmental anomaly, starting in the 4th embryonic week. In an experimental study, targeted knockdown of cardiac troponin T in the chick was performed at day 3, after the heart tube has formed. Morpholino treatment of gene TNNT2 at this stage led to the development of left ventricular diverticula (LVD) in the primitive left ventricular wall...

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is nowadays a routine therapy for patients with advanced heart failure. We present the case of a 74-year-old male patient who was admitted to our center with terminal heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy and ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic valve regurgitation. The LVAD implantation with simultaneous aortic valve and supracoronary ascending aortic replacement was successfully performed.

BACKGROUND: Use of iodinated contrast agents for angiography in patients with renal insufficiency risks further deterioration of renal function and its adverse sequelae. OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and safety of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) angiography in guiding percutaneous renal-related interventions in patients with Takayasu arteritis and renal insufficiency. METHODS: Data on CO2 angiography-guided interventions were obtained from a 23-year database of 692 Takayasu arteritis patients who underwent percutaneous interventions and were analyzed retrospectively...

Background: Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) present a promising alternative to current materials for surgical ventricular restoration (SVR); however, the clinical application remains limited by inadequate vascularization postimplantation. Moreover, a suitable and economic animal model for primary screening is another important issue. Methods: Recently, we used 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride chemistry (EDC) to initiate a strengthened, cytokine-conjugated collagenous platform with a controlled degradation speed...

Patient-specific computer models have been developed representing a variety of aspects of the cardiovascular system spanning the disciplines of electrophysiology, electromechanics, solid mechanics, and fluid dynamics. These physiological mechanistic models predict macroscopic phenomena such as electrical impulse propagation and contraction throughout the entire heart as well as flow and pressure dynamics occurring in the ventricular chambers, aorta, and coronary arteries during each heartbeat. Such models have been used to study a variety of clinical scenarios including aortic aneurysms, coronary stenosis, cardiac valvular disease, left ventricular assist devices, cardiac resynchronization therapy, ablation therapy, and risk stratification...

BACKGROUND:  We aimed to investigate the risk factors of post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) atrial fibrillation (AF) in male and female patients without any history of AF, to identify the sex-specific risk factors, and to examine the effect of sex-specific risk factors on the overall population. METHODS:  This retrospective study was conducted using the hospital database with 4,758 patients who underwent CABG surgery. Among them, 2,836 patients with complete data participated in this study...

Apical aneurysms are outpouchings of the left ventricular apex that are relatively common in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with midventricular obstruction. Apical aneurysms have been associated with ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death, but surgical resection may reduce the risks of these complications. In this tutorial, we describe resection of a left ventricular apical aneurysm in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and midventricular obstruction...

A 45 year-old-man who had undergone ventricular septal defect repair during childhood presented with hoarseness. He was diagnosed as having a distal aortic arch aneurysm by using computed tomography, and was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. The operation was performed via a 4th intercostal thoracotomy in the right lateral position. The aortic aneurysm occupied the upper pleural cavity. The aortic arch was pressed up by the aortic aneurysm, so visual identification and clamping of the proximal aorta and the left subclavian artery were extremely difficult...

Congenital aneurysms and diverticula of the left ventricle represent a rare group of anomalies in the spectrum of congenital heart disease. Although natural histories of these anomalies are considerably different and characterized by different rates of lifethreatening events, similarity of their clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria do not allow to differentiate this anomalies at routine examination. Data on etiology, methods of diagnosis and treatment published by various authors is controversial. In this review we present relevant aspects of etiology, pathophysiology and treatment strategy of patients with left ventricular diverticula and congenital aneurysms...

AIM: To analyze immediate results of minimally invasive robot-assisted atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the period from March 2012 to November 2016 sixty patients with contraindications to endovascular procedure have undergone robot-assisted atrial septal defect closure at Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center. Mean age was 34.5±11.3 years, body mass index - 24.6±4.0 kg/m2 . 48 (80%) patients had NYHA class II before surgery...

We report a rare case of right heart failure caused by distal aortic aneurysm. Although aortopulmonary fistula is a common complication of giant aortic arch aneurysm, right heart failure caused by mechanical pressure by aneurysm is very rare. A 79-year-old female patient presented dyspnea. Contrast computed tomography (CT) of the thorax delineated a 78 mm aortic arch aneurysm pressing the main to left pulmonary artery and a 40 mm pericardial effusion at maximum depth at posterior side. Echocardiography showed the acceleration flow from main to left pulmonary artery and moderate pulmonary hypertension...

PURPOSE: Although cardiac manifestation of Behçet disease (BD) has been described in sporadic reports, its timely diagnosis remains difficult. The objective of this study was to describe early cardiac manifestations of BD. We also performed a comprehensive classification of systemic BD activity and compared their cardiac manifestations. METHODS: A prospective screening using speckle tracking echocardiography was performed in 85 patients with BD who had no history of heart disease...

Inflammation and fibrosis play an important role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is caused by rupture of inflamed atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent atherothrombosis. Recent studies have shown that inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict ACS development and have demonstrated the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation. Studies have also shown that an enhanced inflammatory response after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with cardiac rupture, ventricular aneurysm formation, and exacerbation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling...