Sportsmans hernia

Sports hernias are a complex cause of chronic groin pain in athletes, posing diagnostic and treatment challenges for clinicians. This review article synthesizes current knowledge on sports hernias, exploring pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. Despite the growing body of research, sports hernias continue to present a significant challenge, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach and further research to improve clinical outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to equip clinicians with an updated understanding of sports hernias, ensuring optimal patient care and informing future research...

Groin pain is a common symptom in athletes. The complex anatomy of the area and the various terms used to describe the etiology behind groin pain have led to a confusing nomenclature. To solve this problem, three consensus statements have been already published in the literature: the Manchester Position Statement in 2014, the Doha agreement in 2015, and the Italian Consensus in 2016. However, when revisiting recent literature, it is evident that the use of non-anatomic terms remains common, and the diagnoses sports hernia, sportsman's hernia, sportsman's groin, Gilmore's groin, athletic pubalgia, and core muscle injury are still used by many authors...

INTRODUCTION: Evaluating groin pain still evades many clinicians at times as they have difficulty determining the cause of pain when no true hernia exists. This study's aim was to evaluate a simple and novel scoring system which is reproducible, to help determine whether conservative measures or surgery is recommended for the management of groin pain attributable to inguinal disruption. MATERIAL & METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients from 2018 to 2020 that underwent surgery or conservative management for inguinal disruption with at least a 1-year follow-up were evaluated...

INTRODUCTION: and importance: TEP might be one of options for treating such a sports hernia. CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old Japanese male presented with right groin pain for approximately two years. The pain was initially felt on the right side only, especially on kicking. We assessed the patient using laparoscopic examination with an intra-abdominal scope and subsequently diagnosed a sports hernia with a bilateral internal inguinal hernia. We then performed total extraperitoneal repair (TEP) for its treatment...

Sportsman's hernia is a painful syndrome in the inguinal area occurring in patients who play sports at an amatorial or professional level. Pain arises during sport, and sometimes persists after activity, representing an obstacle to sport resumption. A laparoscopic/endoscopic approach is proposed by many authors for treatment of the inguinal wall defect. Aim of this study is to assess the open technique in terms of safety and effectiveness, in order to obtain the benefit of an open treatment in an outpatient management...

BACKGROUND: Open and laparoscopic modalities are employed for treatment of sportsman's hernia with totally extra-peritoneal (TEP) and trans-abdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic approaches both currently being utilised. At present, neither subtype has demonstrated a beneficial superiority for sportsman's hernia repair, as concluded in the most recent systematic review comparing the outcomes of each technique. The aim of this review was to evaluate current evidence to ascertain whether there was a difference in laparoscopic techniques following sportsman's hernia repair...

BACKGROUND: Sportsman's hernia/athletic pubalgia is a recognized cause of chronic groin pain in athletes. Both open and laparoscopic surgical repairs have been described for treatment, but there are no comparative studies. The hypothesis here was that relief of pain would be achieved earlier in patients treated with open minimal suture repair than totally extraperitoneal repair. METHODS: A randomized multicentre trial in four European countries was conducted to compare open minimal suture repair with totally extraperitoneal repair...

BACKGROUND: Current literature on chronic groin pain suggests that laparoscopic mesh repair on athletes enables a faster recovery and subsequent return to unrestricted athletic activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) mesh repair in athletes resistant to conservative therapy. METHODS: A multidisciplinary approach with tailored physiotherapy. Thirty-nine professional athletes with chronic groin pain were referred to surgery at a single clinic...

Groin pain is an important clinical entity that may affect a sportsman's active sports life. Sportsman's hernia is a chronic low abdominal and groin pain syndrome. Open and laparoscopic surgical treatment may be chosen in case of conservative treatment failure. Studies on sportsman's hernia, which is a challenging situation in both diagnosis and treatment, are ongoing in many centers. We reviewed the treatment results of 37 patients diagnosed and treated as sportsman's hernia at our hospital between 2011-2014, in light of current literature...

Groin pain is common in athletes. Yet, there is disagreement on aetiology, pathomechanics and terminology. A plethora of terms have been employed to explain inguinal-related groin pain in athletes. Recently, at the British Hernia Society in Manchester 2012, a consensus was reached to use the term inguinal disruption based on the pathophysiology while lately the Doha agreement in 2014 defined it as inguinal-related groin pain, a clinically based taxonomy. This review article emphasizes the anatomy, pathogenesis, standard clinical assessment and imaging, and highlights the treatment options for inguinal disruption...

Athletes are particularly predisposed to injuries in the groin and pelvic region. Men in particular are predisposed to injuries like hernias in the inguinal region. The increased demands and training load on today's athletes combined with individual factors may create the environment for these injuries. Five areas categorize the pain present from different pathological entities in this region: adductor-related, iliopsoas-related, inguinal-related, pubic-related, and hip-related groin pain. It has been extremely difficult in the past to accurately diagnose what has been previously labeled sports hernia, sportsman's groin, or inguinal disruption...

BACKGROUND: This article helps define the basic principles to diagnosis and manage one of the surgically correctable causes of the 'painful groin', which is commonly described as the sportsman's groin. DISCUSSION: Often many surgeons will describe a single pathology for the sportsman's groin such as a 'hernia' but often other coexisting etiologies may be present. Management relies on a multidisciplinary approach with a diagnosis initially made by a history of pain in the groin on exercise...

BACKGROUND: Groin pain in athletes is frequent and many different treatment options have been proposed. The current level of evidence for the efficacy of these treatments is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Systematically review the literature on the efficacy of treatments for groin pain in athletes. METHODS: Nine medical databases were searched in May 2014. INCLUSION CRITERIA: treatment studies in athletes with groin pain; randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials or case series; n>10; outcome measures describing number of recovered athletes, patient satisfaction, pain scores or functional outcome scores...

BACKGROUND: Chronic groin pain appears in athletes with a diverse etiology. In a select few, it can be defined as a sportsman's hernia, that may be related, among other pathologies, to weakness of the posterior inguinal wall and may successfully respond to surgery. HYPOTHESIS: Surgical repair of the sportsman's hernia is associated with good functional outcomes, if the diagnosis is based on meticulous examination and follows a simple selection flowchart. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case cohort study...

Groin pain in young athletes is a common problem, accounting for significant downtime in sports participation. It can be difficult to make the correct diagnosis as groin pain has a wide differential diagnosis, which encompasses acute as well as chronic causative factors. In this article this is illustrated by presenting three cases of patients who attended our hospital. In all three cases the main complaint was sports-related groin pain, and the patients presented with very similar symptoms. However, after further investigation the patients were diagnosed with three very different types of injury: sportsman's hernia; hip labral tear; and pubic osteitis...

The "sportsman's hernia" commonly presents as a painful groin in those sports that involve kicking and twisting movements while running, particularly in rugby, football, soccer, and ice hockey players. Moreover, sportsman's hernia can be encountered even in normally physically active people. The pain experienced is recognized at the common point of origin of the rectus abdominis muscle and the adductor longus tendon on the pubic bone and the insertion of the inguinal ligament on the pubic bone. It is accepted that this chronic pain caused by abdominal wall weakness or injury occurs without a palpable hernia...

Athletic pubalgia (sportsman's hernia) is often repaired by surgery. The presence of pubic bone marrow edema (BME) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may effect on the outcome of surgery. Surgical treatment of 30 patients with athletic pubalgia was performed by placement of totally extraperitoneal endoscopic mesh behind the painful groin area. The presence of pre-operative BME was graded from 0 to 3 using MRI and correlated to post-operative pain scores and recovery to sports activity 2 years after operation...

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to produce a multidisciplinary consensus to determine the current position on the nomenclature, definition, diagnosis, imaging modalities and management of Sportsman's groin (SG). METHODS: Experts in the diagnosis and management of SG were invited to participate in a consensus conference held by the British Hernia Society in Manchester, U.K. on 11-12 October 2012. Experts included a physiotherapist, a musculoskeletal radiologist and surgeons with a proven track record of expertise in this field...

Chronic, exercise-related groin pain is a debilitating condition. Nonoperative treatment has limited efficacy, but surgical intervention on the adductor-abdomino complex may be used to alleviate symptoms and allow return to play (RTP). The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of adductor tenotomy and hernioplasty for professional soccer players with groin pain. Between 2000 and 2006, a total of 155 professional and recreational soccer players with recalcitrant groin pain (with or without lower abdominal pain) and resistance to conservative treatment were included in this retrospective analysis...

OBJECTIVE: We describe a new imaging sign, the "superior cleft sign", identified at both symphysography and MRI, which should be used as a marker of rectus abdominis/adductor longus attachment tearing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A study population of 25 patients presenting with clinically suspected sportsman's hernia, who had undergone both symphysography and MRI of the groin were included for study. In each case, images were reviewed to determine the presence of a superior cleft, secondary cleft, and or both abnormalities...