Toll like receptors and endometrium cancer

OBJECTIVE: Fusaric acid is a derivative of picolinic acid produced by some Fusarium species. In this study, we aimed to determine the mRNA expression and antiproliferative effects of fusaric acid in Ishikawa endometrium cancer cells in signal pathway genes associated with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The effect of fusaric acid on the viability of Ishikawa cells was evaluated using XTT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After total RNA was isolated from control and dose group cells, cDNA synthesis was performed, and mRNA expression changes of genes involved in the Toll-like signaling pathway were evaluated by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria involved in the pathogenic processes leading to mastitis and metritis in animals such as dairy cattle. LPS causes cell proliferation associated with endometrium inflammation. Former in vitro studies have demonstrated that LPS induces an intense stimulation of the proliferation of a pure population of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. In a follow-up transcriptomic study based on RNA-sequencing data obtained after 24 h exposure of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells to 0, 2, and 8 μg/mL LPS, 752 and 727 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the controls and LPS-treated samples that encode proteins known to be associated with either proliferation or apoptosis, respectively...

INTRODUCTION: Malignant neoplasm of the endometrium is the most common malignant neoplasm of the female reproductive system. Toll Like Receptors (TLR) play a significant role in innate and late-immunity against infections or damaged tissues. TLRs are also involved in the development of tumors in their natural microenvironment. TLRs play an important role in angiogenesis, necessary for survival and growth of the tumor. Hypoxia playing a critical role in angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, tumor progression and distant metastasis is primarily mediated through hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs)...

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate whether genistein, a potent phytoestrogen mainly found in soybean, modulated the expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 9 proteins in human endometrial epithelial cell line RL95-2 under basal and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C) stimulated conditions to mimic viral infection. The genistein effects were also compared with 17β-estradiol. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The RL95-2 cells were cultured in the estrogen-deprived media with or without poly I: C 30 min prior to incubation with genistein (10(-7), 10(-6) or 10(-5) M) or 17β-estradiol (10(-9) M) for 48 h...

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) modifies adaptive immunity, in part by determining the character of inflammatory responses in the tissue microenvironment. Small molecule inhibitors of IDO are being developed to treat cancer, chronic infections and other diseases, so the systemic effects of IDO disruption on inflammatory phenomena may influence the design and conduct of early phase clinical investigations of this new class of therapeutic agents. Here, we report cardiac and gastrointestinal phenotypes observed in IDO deficient mice that warrant consideration in planned assessments of the safety risks involved in clinical development of IDO inhibitors...

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in women of developed countries. Many risk factors implicated in endometrial cancer trigger inflammatory events; therefore, alterations in immune response may predispose an individual to disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleosome-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) genes are integral to the recognition of pathogens and are highly polymorphic. For these reasons, the aim of the study was to assess the frequency of polymorphic variants in TLR and NOD genes in an Australian endometrial cancer population...

Endometriosis is a very frequent and debilitating disease responsible for a considerable socio-economic toll. In spite of that, its pathogenesis remains enigmatic. Endometriosis is hold for a multifactorial pathology resulting from the mixed effects of environmental and genetic factors. To date, few susceptibility factors have been reported, with the exception of some polymorphisms in estrogen and progesterone receptors. Large-scale expressional studies have clearly demonstrated that endometriosis is a hormone-dependant disease, characterized by three main features: (i) inflammation, (ii) excessive production of estrogens, and (iii) progesterone resistance...

BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the innate immune system by initiating and directing immune response to pathogens. TLRs are expressed in the human endometrium and their regulation might be crucial for the pathogenesis of endometrial diseases. METHODS: TLR3 and TLR4 expression was investigated during the menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal endometrium considering peritoneal endometriosis, hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens (grade 1 to 3)...