Ilt2 or lilrb1 or cd85j

INTRODUCTION: Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in immune surveillance in the liver. We aimed to identify potential targets for NK cell-mediated immune intervention by revealing the functional molecules on NK cells in HCC patients. METHODS: To evaluate the impact of aging on NK cell phenotypes, we examined NK cells from healthy volunteers (HVs) of various ages. Because ILT2 expression on CD56dim NK cells increased with increasing age, we enrolled age-matched HCC patients and HVs...

During pregnancy, the maternal immune system must allow and support the growth of the developing placenta while maintaining the integrity of the mother's body. The trophoblast's unique HLA signature is a key factor in this physiological process. This study focuses on decidual γδT cell populations and examines their expression of receptors that bind to non-classical HLA molecules, HLA-E and HLA-G. We demonstrate that decidual γδT cell subsets, including Vδ1, Vδ2, and double-negative (DN) Vδ1-/Vδ2- cells express HLA-specific regulatory receptors, such as NKG2C, NKG2A, ILT2, and KIR2DL4, each with varying dominance...

Antibody-based CD47 blockade aims to activate macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells. However, macrophages possess a high degree of phenotype heterogeneity that likely influences phagocytic capacity. In murine models, proinflammatory (M1) activation increases macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells, but in human models, results have been conflicting. Here, we investigated the effects of proinflammatory polarization on the phagocytic response of human monocyte-derived macrophages in an in vitro model. Using both flow cytometry-based and fluorescence live-cell imaging-based phagocytosis assays, we observed that mouse monoclonal anti-CD47 antibody (B6H12) induced monocyte-derived macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells in vitro...

Solid tumors are dense three-dimensional (3D) multi-cellular structures that enable efficient receptor-ligand trans interactions via close cell-cell contact. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4 are related immune suppressive receptors that play a role in the inhibition of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment. The relative contributions of ILT2 and ILT4 to immune inhibition in the context of solid tumor tissue has not been fully explored. We present evidence that both ILT2 and ILT4 contribute to myeloid inhibition...

HLA-G is the checkpoint molecule involved in the suppression of the immune response. Increased expression of HLA-G and its ILTs receptors have been correlated with tumor progression in various cancer types. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors, the effect of HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 expression on cancer development has to be explained. The 34 HNSCC patients and 98 controls were genotyped for the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism. In HNSCC lesions, HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 mRNA expression was analysed using real-time PCR...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular consequences of diabetes, and the economic burden is increasing. Our aim is to decipher the relevant mechanisms of immune-related gene features in DR and explore biomarkers targeting DR. Provide a basis for the treatment and prevention of DR. METHOD: The immune infiltration enrichment score of DR patients was evaluated from the single- cell RNA sequencing dataset, and the samples were divided into low immune subgroups and high immune subgroups based on this result...

INTRODUCTION: The mechanism of relapsed CD19(-) B-ALL after anti-CD19 immunotherapy (Kymriah [CART-19] and blinatumomab) is under active investigation. Our study aims to assess LILRB1 as a novel B-cell marker for detecting CD19(-) B-lymphoblasts and to analyze the clinicopathologic/genetic features of such disease to provide biological insight into relapse. METHODS: Six patients (3 males/3 females, median age of 14 years) with relapsed CD19(-) B-ALL were analyzed for cytogenetic/genetic profile and immunophenotype...

INTRODUCTION: The avidity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigenic peptides presented by the MHC (pMHC) on cells is an essential parameter for efficient T cell-mediated immunity. Yet, whether the TCR-ligand avidity can drive the clonal evolution of virus antigen-specific CD8 T cells, and how this process is determined in latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated infection remains largely unknown. METHODS: To address these issues, we quantified monomeric TCR-pMHC dissociation rates on CMV- and EBV-specific individual TCRαβ clonotypes and polyclonal CD8 T cell populations in healthy donors over a follow-up time of 15-18 years...

The immune checkpoint NKG2A/CD94 is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy, and its ligand major histocompatibility complex E (MHC-E) is frequently upregulated in cancer. NKG2A/CD94-mediated inhibition of lymphocytes depends on the presence of specific leader peptides in MHC-E, but when and where they are presented in situ is unknown. We apply a nanobody specific for the Qdm/Qa-1b complex, the NKG2A/CD94 ligand in mouse, and find that presentation of Qdm peptide depends on every member of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident peptide loading complex...

Human leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 innate immunomodulatory receptors, primarily expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells. LILRs are either activating (LILRA) or inhibitory (LILRB) depending on their associated signalling domains (D). With the exception of the soluble LILRA3, LILRAs mediate immune activation, while LILRB1-5 primarily inhibit immune responses and mediate tolerance. Abnormal expression and function of LILRs is associated with a range of pathologies, including immune insufficiency (infection and malignancy) and overt immune responses (autoimmunity and alloresponses), suggesting LILRs may be excellent candidates for targeted immunotherapies...

BACKGROUND: Gene expression profiles have important significance for gene expression characteristics and further functional studies. More attention has been given to the expression databases in humans and mice, but less attention has been given to rats, while rat models also play an irreplaceable role in biomedical experiments. RESULTS: To depict the rat gene expression profiles in mRNA expression levels, we analyzed over 2,700 RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples from 48 tissues, 40 primary cell types and 25 cell lines; and then mapped them to the latest version of the rat genome reference, mRatBN7...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) are tumors that share similarities with bladder tumors. Immunotherapy is already used for bladder locations and appears to have interest for UTUC. In order to rationalize the immunotherapy development pipeline it seemed necessary to describe the immune infiltrate of a cohort of UTUC treated with nephroureterectomy and to determine the expression of a panel of immune checkpoints and co-stimulatory molecules on tumor cells as well as on infiltrating and circulating lymphocytes...

Immune checkpoint blockade is a compelling approach in tumor immunotherapy. Blocking inhibitory pathways in T cells has demonstrated clinical efficacy in different types of cancer and may hold potential to also stimulate innate immune responses. A novel emerging potential target for immune checkpoint therapy is leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1). LILRB1 belongs to the superfamily of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors and exerts inhibitory functions. The receptor is expressed by a variety of immune cells including macrophages as well as certain cytotoxic lymphocytes and contributes to the regulation of different immune responses by interaction with classical as well as non-classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules...

OBJECTIVE: Numerous immune cell types, such as B and T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK), and NKT cells, are related to the pathogenesis of diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our goal in this investigation is to examine the phenotype of NK cells and NKT cells alterations in individuals with SLE. METHODS: Typically, 50 SLE patients and 24 age-matched healthy people had their PBMCs obtained. Employing flow cytometry, the phenotype of NK and NKT cells and immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 (ILT2) expressions were identified...

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion remains a critical component in caring for the acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). Patient alloimmunisation is the main limitation of transfusion, which can worsen anaemia and lead to delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction or transfusion deadlock. Although biological risk factors have been identified for immunisation, patient alloimmunisation remains difficult to predict. We aimed to characterise genetic alloimmunisation factors to optimise the management of blood products compatible with extended antigen matching to ensure the self-sufficiency of labile blood products...

Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B1 (LILRB1) is widely expressed in immune cells as an immunosuppressive receptor. Tumor cells highly express the ligand HLA-G, which inhibits the function of immune cells by binding to LILRB1, to achieve immune escape. LILRB1 is a potential immunotherapeutic target. This study developed a monoclonal antibody named B1M023 (B1M023 mAb) that could bind LILRB1 with high affinity at both protein and cellular levels, while not bind to other leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptors (LILRs)...

INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by complex immune alterations and inflammation, and the possible role played by Natural Killer (NK) in such alterations is only barely understood. METHODS: To address this question we analysed activating and inhibitory NK receptors, as well as NK cells phenotype and function in a group of mothers of children who developed ASD (ASD-MO; N=24) comparing results to those obtained in mothers of healthy children who did not develop (HC-MO; N=25)...

BACKGROUND: As yet, the genetic abnormalities involved in the exacerbation of Ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been adequately explored based on bioinformatic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gene microarray data and clinical information were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. The scale-free gene co-expression networks were constructed by R package "WGCNA". Gene enrichment analysis was performed via Metascape database. Differential expression analysis was performed using "Limma" R package...

OBJECTIVE: Leukocyte Ig-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is a soluble receptor belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Our previous studies demonstrated that LILRA3 is a common genetic risk for multiple autoimmune diseases, including RA. Functional LILRA3 conferred increased risk of joint destruction in patients with early RA. We undertook this study to further investigate the pathological role of LILRA3 in joint inflammation of RA. METHODS: Soluble LILRA3 was measured by ELISA...

PURPOSE: The phenomenon of immunogenic cell death (ICD) is intricately linked to numerous antitumor treatments and exerts a profound regulatory function in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). We aimed to establish a prognostic signature from the ICD-related biomarkers to differentiate the TIME in hepatocellular carcinoma and predict diverse outcomes for patients with liver cancer. METHODS: ICD score-related genes (ICDSGs) were identified using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)...