epidemiology of mycobacteria

The impact of evolving treatment regimens, airway clearance strategies, and antibiotic combinations on the incidence and prevalence of respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) in children and adolescents remains unclear. The incidence, prevalence, and prescription trends from 2002 to 2019 with 18,339 airway samples were analysed. Staphylococcus aureus [- 3.86% (95% CI - 5.28-2.43)] showed the largest annual decline in incidence, followed by Haemophilus influenzae [- 3.46% (95% CI - 4...

RATIONALE: Despite the global increase in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD), there are geographical variations in clinical characteristics. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea. METHODS: We systematically reviewed articles about patients with NTM-PD in South Korea until February 2022. Individual participant data, regardless of treatment, were collected using a standard case report form. RESULTS: The data of 6,489 patients from 11 hospitals between 2002 and 2019 were analyzed...

In 2021, the World Health Organization recommended new extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) definitions. In a recent cohort of TB patients in Eastern Europe, we show that XDR TB as currently defined is associated with exceptionally poor treatment outcomes, considerably worse than for the former definition (31% vs. 54% treatment success).

BACKGROUND: The genus Mycobacterium includes well-known bacteria such as M. tuberculosis causing tuberculosis and M. leprae causing leprosy. Additionally, various species collectively termed non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause infections in humans and animals, affecting individuals across all age groups and health conditions. However, information on NTM infection prevalence in Panama is limited. METHODS: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical records from 2017 to 2021, specifically focusing on patients with NTM isolates...

Two lipoglycans, lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM), play various, albeit incompletely defined, roles in the interactions of mycobacteria with the host. Growing evidence points to the modification of LM and LAM with discrete covalent substituents as a strategy used by these bacteria to modulate their biological activities. One such substituent, originally identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), is a 5-methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) sugar, which accounts for the antioxidative properties of LAM...

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is common in bronchiectasis, with rising incidence globally. However, investigation into NTM in bronchiectasis patients in China remains relatively limited. This work aimed to identify and understand the features of NTM in bronchiectasis patient in Fuzhou district of China. The pulmonary samples were collected from 281 bronchiectasis patients with suspected NTM infection in Fuzhou, 2018-2022. MPB64 antigen detection was employed for the preliminary evaluation of NTM...

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is not well described. In this study, we determined the incidence and prevalence of NTM infections and focused on social risk factors. Additionally, we described persons suffering from pulmonary and extrapulmonary NTM. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence and prevalence of NTM and what are the characteristics of the affected patients? METHODS: This is a nationwide retrospective register-based cohort study in Denmark...

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Public health agencies in U.S. states, territories, and freely associated states investigate and voluntarily report waterborne disease outbreaks to CDC through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS). This report summarizes NORS drinking water outbreak epidemiologic, laboratory, and environmental data, including data for both public and private drinking water systems. The report presents outbreak-contributing factors (i.e., practices and factors that lead to outbreaks) and, for the first time, categorizes outbreaks as biofilm pathogen or enteric illness associated...

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium abscessus species (MABS) is now a most virulent rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), and the rapid increase of MABS was recently observed worldwide, including in Japan. Thus, we gathered evidences of the presence of pulmonary MABS in Japanese population from Japanese articles. METHODS: we searched studies that addressed the isolation of pulmonary non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) or MABS from clinical respiratory specimens in Japan. RESULTS: the ratio of MABS to NTM was 3...

INTRODUCTION: Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are mainly environmental but can cause opportunistic infections and diseases in humans and animals. Livestock and wild animals can be infected with NTM. In Argentina, there are native wild species facing conservation risks, and they are the focus of protection and reintroduction projects designed to preserve biodiversity in various ecoregions. The aim of this study was to report the presence of NTM in samples collected from four endangered native wild species from nine Argentine provinces, as part of their pre-release health assessment...

Because epidemiologic and environmental risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported only infrequently, little information exists about those factors. The state of Virginia, USA, requires certain ecologic features to be included in reports to the Virginia Department of Health, presenting a unique opportunity to study those variables. We analyzed laboratory reports of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus infections in Virginia during 2021-2023. MAC/M. abscessus was isolated from 6...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) are closely related pathogenic mycobacteria known to cause chronic pulmonary infections in both humans and animals. Despite sharing nearly identical genomes and virulence factors, these two bacteria display variations in host tropism, epidemiology, and clinical presentations. M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of M. bovis commonly utilized as a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB). Nevertheless, the molecular underpinnings of these distinctions and the intricacies of host-pathogen interactions remain areas of ongoing research...

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental organisms that can cause significant disease in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The incidence of NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is rising globally. Diagnostic challenges persist and treatment efficacy is variable. This article provides an overview of NTM-PD for clinicians. We discuss how common it is, who is at risk, how it is diagnosed and the multidisciplinary approach to its clinical management.

Introduction. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is a group of mycobacteria distinct from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. They can cause opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Gap Statement. Over the last few years, there has been a growing concern regarding the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of NTM in Malaysia. however, a comprehensive study to fully grasp the NTM situation has yet to be conducted. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of NTM isolated from clinical samples in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in human history, prevailing even in the 21st century. The causative agents of TB are represented by a group of closely-related bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which can be subdivided into several lineages of human- and animal-adapted strains, thought to have shared a last common ancestor emerged by clonal expansion from a pool of recombinogenic Mycobacterium canettii-like tubercle bacilli. A better understanding of how MTBC populations evolved from less virulent mycobacteria may allow for discovering improved TB control strategies and future epidemiologic trends...

INTRODUCTION: Mycobacterium abscessus is an opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria pathogen; however, the prevalence of nosocomial and community infections is increasing. In January 2016, several bedridden inpatients in the intensive care unit of a hospital had positive sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli, suggesting a mycobacteria outbreak. METHODOLOGY: Acid-fast bacilli smear microscopy, isolation, and culturing were performed twice using sputa from each suspected intensive care unit inpatient (n = 13); in addition, medical history was obtained for each inpatient with suspected infection...

We conducted an epidemiologic assessment of disease distribution by race/ethnicity to identify subpopulation-specific drivers of tuberculosis (TB). We used detailed racial/ethnic categorizations for the 932 TB cases diagnosed in Arkansas, USA, during 2010-2021. After adjusting for age and sex, racial/ethnic disparities persisted; the Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) group had the highest risk for TB (risk ratio 173.6, 95% CI 140.6-214.2) compared with the non-Hispanic White group, followed by Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black...

BACKGROUND: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing in incidence and associated mortality. NTM are naturally resistant to a variety of antibiotics, complicating treatment. We conducted a literature assessment on the efficacy of bedaquiline in treating NTM species in vitro and in vivo (animal models and humans); meta-analyses were performed where possible. METHOD: Four databases were searched using specific terms. Publications were included according to predefined criteria...

BACKGROUND: Various water-based heater-cooler devices (HCDs) have been implicated in nontuberculous mycobacteria outbreaks. Ongoing rigorous surveillance for healthcare-associated M. abscessus (HA-Mab) put in place following a prior institutional outbreak of M. abscessus alerted investigators to a cluster of 3 extrapulmonary M. abscessus infections among patients who had undergone cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS: Investigators convened a multidisciplinary team and launched a comprehensive investigation to identify potential sources of M...

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated acquisition and transmission of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has been described, and remains a concern for both patients and providers. This report describes the design of a prospective observational study utilizing the standardized epidemiologic investigation toolkit for healthcare-associated links in transmission of NTM among pwCF. METHODS: This is a parallel multi-site study of pwCF who have infections with respiratory NTM isolates and receive healthcare within a common CF Care Center...