keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528850/multi-sample-%C3%AE-mixup-richer-more-realistic-synthetic-samples-from-a-p-series-interpolant
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kumar Abhishek, Colin J Brown, Ghassan Hamarneh
Modern deep learning training procedures rely on model regularization techniques such as data augmentation methods, which generate training samples that increase the diversity of data and richness of label information. A popular recent method, mixup , uses convex combinations of pairs of original samples to generate new samples. However, as we show in our experiments, mixup  can produce undesirable synthetic samples, where the data is sampled off the manifold and can contain incorrect labels. We propose <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...
2024: Journal of Big Data
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528312/a-canadian-simulation-model-for-major-depressive-disorder-study-protocol
#22
REVIEW
Shahzad Ghanbarian, Gavin W K Wong, Mary Bunka, Louisa Edwards, Sonya Cressman, Tania Conte, Sandra Peterson, Rohit Vijh, Morgan Price, Christian Schuetz, David Erickson, Linda Riches, Ginny Landry, Kim McGrail, Jehannine Austin, Stirling Bryan
BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, often recurrent condition and a significant driver of healthcare costs. People with MDD often receive pharmacological therapy as the first-line treatment, but the majority of people require more than one medication trial to find one that relieves symptoms without causing intolerable side effects. There is an acute need for more effective interventions to improve patients' remission and quality of life and reduce the condition's economic burden on the healthcare system...
March 26, 2024: PharmacoEconomics Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527045/oral-administration-of-phytochemicals-protects-honey-bees-against-cognitive-and-motor-impairments-induced-by-the-insecticide-fipronil
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lina M García, Valentina Caicedo-Garzón, Andre J Riveros
Pollution produced by exposure to pesticides is a major concern for food security because the negative impacts on pollinators. Fipronil, an insecticide broadly used around the globe has been associated with the ongoing decline of bees. With a characteristic neuroactive toxicodynamic, fipronil leads to cognitive and motor impairments at sublethal dosages. Despite of regional bans, multilevel strategies are necessary for the protection of pollinators. Recent evidence suggests that specific nutrients in the diets of bees may induce protection against insecticides...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526906/deep-spatio-temporal-network-for-low-snr-cryo-em-movie-frame-enhancement
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoya Chong, Howard Leung, Qing Li, Jianhua Yao, Niyun Zhou
Cryo-EM in single particle analysis is known to have low SNR and requires to utilize several frames of the same particle sample to restore one high-quality image for visualizing that particle. However, the low SNR of cryo-EM movie and motion caused by beam striking make the task very challenging. Video enhancement algorithms in computer vision shed new light on tackling such tasks by utilizing deep neural networks. However, they are designed for natural images with high SNR. Meanwhile, the lack of ground truth in cryo-EM movie seems to be one major limiting factor of the progress...
March 25, 2024: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526888/breast-cancer-classification-from-digital-pathology-images-via-connectivity-aware-graph-transformer
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kang Wang, Feiyang Zheng, Lan Cheng, Hong-Ning Dai, Qi Dou, Jing Qin
Automated classification of breast cancer subtypes from digital pathology images has been an extremely challenging task due to the complicated spatial patterns of cells in the tissue micro-environment. While newly proposed graph transformers are able to capture more long-range dependencies to enhance accuracy, they largely ignore the topological connectivity between graph nodes, which is nevertheless critical to extract more representative features to address this difficult task. In this paper, we propose a novel connectivity-aware graph transformer (CGT) for phenotyping the topology connectivity of the tissue graph constructed from digital pathology images for breast cancer classification...
March 25, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525252/beyond-discrimination-generative-ai-applications-and-ethical-challenges-in-forensic-psychiatry
#26
REVIEW
Leda Tortora
The advent and growing popularity of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) holds the potential to revolutionise AI applications in forensic psychiatry and criminal justice, which traditionally relied on discriminative AI algorithms. Generative AI models mark a significant shift from the previously prevailing paradigm through their ability to generate seemingly new realistic data and analyse and integrate a vast amount of unstructured content from different data formats. This potential extends beyond reshaping conventional practices, like risk assessment, diagnostic support, and treatment and rehabilitation plans, to creating new opportunities in previously underexplored areas, such as training and education...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525092/implementation-of-virtual-interactive-cases-for-pharmacy-education-a-single-center-experience
#27
REVIEW
Karen Cameron, Erin Cicinelli, Cindy Natsheh, Miranda So, Gordon Tait, Henry Halapy
Patient case simulation software are described in pharmacy education literature as useful tools to improve skills in patient assessment (including medication history-taking and physical assessment), clinical reasoning and communication, and are typically well-received by students and instructors. The virtual interactive case (VIC) system is a web-based software developed to deliver deliberate practice opportunities in simulated patient encounters across a spectrum of clinical topics. This article describes the implementation and utilization of VIC in the undergraduate curriculum at one Canadian pharmacy school...
April 2024: Journal of Pharmacy Technology: JPT: Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524460/average-electron-density-a-quantitative-tool-for-evaluating-non-classical-bioisosteres-of-amides
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alaa Ma Osman, Alya A Arabi
Bioisosterism is strategically used in drug design to enhance the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of therapeutic molecules. The average electron density (AED) tool has been used in several studies to quantify similarities among nonclassical bioisosteres of carboxylic acid. In this study, the AED tool is used to quantify the similarities among nonclassical bioisosteres of an amide group. In particular, amide-to-1,2,3-triazole bioisosterism is considered. To evaluate the AED differences exhibited by isomers of nonclassical bioisosteres, both isomers of amide ( cis and trans ) and 1,2,3-triazole (1,4 and 1,5 disubstituted moieity) were considered...
March 19, 2024: ACS Omega
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521917/developing-an-innovative-national-acp-osce-program-in-taiwan-a-mixed-method-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yen-Lin Wu, Tsu-Yi Hsieh, Sheau-Feng Hwang, Yi-Yin Lin, Wei-Min Chu
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the process and the comprehensiveness of advance care planning (ACP), we designed a national ACP-OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) program. METHODS: The program was designed as a 40-minute OSCE test. Participants were categorized as different ACP team members to illustrate realistic scenarios. Preceptors were asked to observe ACP professionals' actions, responses, and communication skills during ACP with standardized patients (SP) through a one-way mirror...
March 23, 2024: BMC Medical Education
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521527/realist-evaluation-of-maternity-waiting-home-intervention-models-in-inhambane-mozambique-protocol-for-a-comparative-embedded-case-study-the-mozambique-canada-maternal-health-project
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadege Sandrine Uwamahoro, Jessie Forsyth, Fernanda Andre, Dórcia António Mandlate, Brynne Gilmore, Nazeem Muhajarine
INTRODUCTION: This is a study protocol that tests and refines realist theories regarding the uptake and scale-up of the linked maternity waiting home (hereafter MWH) and facility birth intervention in the Mozambican context. The theories were developed through a realist review of MWH-facility birth literature from low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of the proposed study is to contribute to a contextually refined understanding of the causal chains underlying MWH-facility birth adoption by pregnant women and their families, communities, the health system and donors...
March 23, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521034/mechanistic-insight-into-the-intensification-of-arsenic-toxicity-to-rice-oryza-sativa-l-by-nanoplastic-phytohormone-and-glutathione-metabolism-modulation
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi Jiang, Xiaofei Chen, Xuesong Cao, Chuanxi Wang, Le Yue, Xiaona Li, Zhenyu Wang
In this study, nanoplastic (NPs) at environmentally relevant concentration (0.001% w/w) had no effect on the growth of rice, while significantly elevated the phytotoxicity of As (III) by 9.4-22.8% based on the endpoints of biomass and photosynthesis. Mechanistically, NPs at 0.001% w/w enhanced As accumulation in the rice shoots and roots by 70.9% and 24.5%, respectively. Reasons of this finding can was that (1) the co-exposure with As and NPs significantly decreased abscisic acid content by 16.0% in rice, with subsequent increasing the expression of aquaporin related genes by 2...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Hazardous Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520991/lagrangian-and-eulerian-modelling-of-106-ru-atmospheric-transport-in-2017-over-northern-hemisphere
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Léo Adenis, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Menut, Pascal Achim, Sylvia Generoso
In September 2017, numerous measurement stations recorded large surface concentrations of Ru106 in Europe. This event was well recorded by various monitoring stations worldwide and offer a valuable framework to compare the modelling strategies deployed to quickly evaluate where the plume goes and with what concentrations. In general, the source and its intensity are not known and hypotheses have to be done. Models have to be fast and accurate: Lagrangian and Eulerian are often used but rarely compared. In this study, the FLEXPART Lagrangian model and the WRF-CHIMERE Eulerian models are used to simulate the emissions, transport and deposition of this source of Ru106...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519355/biological-patterns-of-reproduction-of-the-brazilian-sardine-sardinella-brasiliensis-in-the-purse-seine-fishery-of-southwest-atlantic-ocean-a-long-term-assessment
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rafael Schroeder, Angélica Petermann, Paulo R Schwingel, Alberto T Correia
Recent estimates of the size at first maturity (L50 ) of Sardinella brasiliensis showed contradictory results with a decreasing in the fish stock biomass encompassed by increasing values of L50 . The methodological approach used hereby allowed to separate sardines classified in the virginal maturity stage from those categorized in the recovery stage, and ready for one next spawning event. This study evaluated the hypothesis of the existence of separated stocks experiencing distinct environmental conditions and fishing pressures which may have altered L50 estimates using a robust dataset based on biological samples collected along the entire species distribution area in the southeast-south Brazilian coast [Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS)] between 2000 and 2018...
March 15, 2024: Marine Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517299/evaluating-reception-center-models-for-radiation-response-screening-capacity-and-throughput-predictions
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren Finklea, Robert Goff, Erica Houghton
Introduction: The current fleet of nuclear reactors in the United States is mandated to provide evidence that surrounding jurisdictions can screen their populations should an incident occur. Capacity can be measured as throughput in reception centers used for screening. Due to the significant staffing and resources required to exercise screening capacity, most jurisdictions typically perform smaller exercises and use models to estimate their overall throughput. Objective: To evaluate the applicability and realism of current throughput models and practices...
March 22, 2024: Health Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516254/simulating-empathy-a-qualitative-experiential-study-of-embedded-resident-learners-in-an-empathy-curriculum
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Culhane, Jerome Martin, Zachary Huston, Sara M Hock
OBJECTIVES: Physician empathy and communication skills are crucial parts of a successful emergency department (ED) interaction. This study aimed to evaluate whether these skills can be improved through a novel curriculum where interns act as patients for their senior residents during simulated ED cases. METHODS: Twenty-five residents participated in the curriculum. Prior to the cases, participants filled out the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). They then completed three simulated cases, with the 11 interns portraying the patients and the 14 seniors (postgraduate year [PGY]-2 and PGY-3 residents) in the physician role...
April 2024: AEM Education and Training
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513108/surgical-hip-dislocation-in-the-era-of-hip-arthroscopy-demonstrates-high-survivorship-and-improvements-in-patient-reported-outcomes-for-complex-femoroacetabular-impingement
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zachary Trotzky, Brian Muffly, Nora Cao, Ernest Sink
BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, hip arthroscopy has become more commonly used in the treatment of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as well as those with many other intra-articular hip pathologies. As such, the indications for open surgical hip dislocation have narrowed to include complex intra-articular and extra-articular bony morphologies and revision hip preservation. Although surgical hip dislocation has been established as an effective approach, previous research using contemporary indications has been limited primarily to smaller cohorts with short-term follow-up...
March 21, 2024: Clinical Orthopaedics and related Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513054/interprofessional-education-for-healthcare-professionals-a-beme-realist-review-of-what-works-why-for-whom-and-in-what-circumstances-in-undergraduate-health-sciences-education-beme-guide-no-83
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Demi Krystallidou, Maria J Kersbergen, Esther de Groot, Cornelia R M G Fluit, Wietske Kuijer-Siebelink, Fien Mertens, Saskia C M Oosterbaan-Lodder, Nynke Scherpbier, Marco A C Versluis, Peter Pype
AIM: To provide an evidence-informed program theory (PT) for Interprofessional Education (IPE) that adds to the knowledge base of how IPE in undergraduate health sciences education works. METHODS: We undertook a realist review of the literature and synthesis of the evidence combined with stakeholder experience. Our initial program theory (IPT), built around development, delivery and evaluation of IPE interventions, was tested and refined following an in-depth search of the literature and consultation with stakeholders...
March 21, 2024: Medical Teacher
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511977/practices-of-falls-risk-assessment-and-prevention-in-acute-hospital-settings-a-realist-investigation
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Randell, Lynn McVey, Judy Wright, Hadar Zaman, V-Lin Cheong, David M Woodcock, Frances Healey, Dawn Dowding, Peter Gardner, Nicholas R Hardiker, Alison Lynch, Chris Todd, Christopher Davey, Natasha Alvarado
BACKGROUND: Falls are the most common safety incident reported by acute hospitals. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence recommends multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored interventions, but implementation is variable. AIM: To determine how and in what contexts multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored interventions are used in acute National Health Service hospitals in England. DESIGN: Realist review and multisite case study...
March 2024: Health Soc Care Deliv Res
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511082/the-influence-of-aortic-stiffness-on-carotid-stiffness-computational-simulations-using-a-human-aorta-carotid-model
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marjana Petrova, Yujie Li, Alireza Gholipour, Hosen Kiat, Craig S McLachlan
Increased aortic and carotid stiffness are independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular events. Arterial stiffness is not uniform across the arterial tree and its accurate assessment is challenging. The complex interactions and influence of aortic stiffness on carotid stiffness have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aortic stiffness on carotid stiffness under physiological pressure conditions. A realistic patient-specific geometry was used based on magnetic resonance images obtained from the OsiriX library...
March 2024: Royal Society Open Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510393/artificial-intelligence-generated-facial-images-for-medical-education
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bingwen Eugene Fan, Minyang Chow, Stefan Winkler
We evaluated the use of text-to-image models (Microsoft's Bing Image creator (powered by DALL·E) and Shutterstock's AI image generator) to generate realistic images of human faces and their associated pathology, which may be useful for medical education, given they may overcome issues of patient privacy and requirement for consent. These models have potential to augment rare medical image datasets for medical education, as well as provide greater inclusivity and representation of diverse populations.
February 2024: Medical Science Educator
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