keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38329104/implications-of-endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-and-beta-cell-loss-in-immunodeficient-diabetic-nrg-akita-mice-for-understanding-monogenic-diabetes
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmed M Rashwan, Mohamed M A Abumandour, Ramadan Kandyel, Om Prakash Choudhary, Rofaida Mostafa Soliman, Ashraf El Sharaby, Ahmed G Nomir
BACKGROUND: Immunodeficient mice models have become increasingly important as in vivo models engrafted with human cells or tissues for research. The NOD-Rag1null Ins2Akita Il2rnull (NRG Akita) mice is a model combined with immunodeficient NRG and monogenic diabetes Akita mice that develop spontaneous hyperglycemia with progressive loss of pancreatic insulin-producing beta-cells with age. This model is one of the monogenic diabetic models, which has been providing a powerful platform for transplantation experiments of stem cells-generated human β-cells...
February 8, 2024: International Journal of Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38310105/artesunate-treats-obesity-in-male-mice-and-non-human-primates-through-gdf15-gfral-signalling-axis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xuanming Guo, Pallavi Asthana, Lixiang Zhai, Ka Wing Cheng, Susma Gurung, Jiangang Huang, Jiayan Wu, Yijing Zhang, Arun Kumar Mahato, Mart Saarma, Mart Ustav, Hiu Yee Kwan, Aiping Lyu, Kui Ming Chan, Pingyi Xu, Zhao-Xiang Bian, Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
Obesity, a global health challenge, is a major risk factor for multiple life-threatening diseases, including diabetes, fatty liver, and cancer. There is an ongoing need to identify safe and tolerable therapeutics for obesity management. Herein, we show that treatment with artesunate, an artemisinin derivative approved by the FDA for the treatment of severe malaria, effectively reduces body weight and improves metabolic profiles in preclinical models of obesity, including male mice with overnutrition-induced obesity and male cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous obesity, without inducing nausea and malaise...
February 3, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307810/establishing-evidence-for-immune-surveillance-of-%C3%AE-cell-senescence
#23
REVIEW
Nayara Rampazzo Morelli, Jasmine Pipella, Peter J Thompson
Cellular senescence is a programmed state of cell cycle arrest that involves a complex immunogenic secretome, eliciting immune surveillance and senescent cell clearance. Recent work has shown that a subpopulation of pancreatic β-cells becomes senescent in the context of diabetes; however, it is not known whether these cells are normally subject to immune surveillance. In this opinion article, we advance the hypothesis that immune surveillance of β-cells undergoing a senescence stress response normally limits their accumulation during aging and that the breakdown of these mechanisms is a driver of senescent β-cell accumulation in diabetes...
February 2, 2024: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301842/dichloroacetate-ameliorates-apoptosis-emt-and-oxidative-stress-in-diabetic-cataract-via-inhibiting-the-ido1-dependent-p38-mapk-pathway
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guang-Ming Liu, Mengting Shao, Yan Liu
As an oral antidiabetic agent, dichloroacetate (DCA) has been proven to improve diabetes and related complications. However, its functional role in diabetic cataract (DC) remains to be elucidated. This study was to define the role of DCA and its underlying molecular mechanism in DC in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it was shown that DCA dose-dependently ameliorated DC formation and development in DM rats. In addition, DCA significantly increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and inhibited EMT and oxidative stress of high glucose (HG)-treated SRA-01/04 cells in a concentration-dependent manner...
January 30, 2024: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38287831/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pathophysiology-integrating-systemic-cns-and-circadian-processes
#25
REVIEW
George Anderson
The conceptualization of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has primarily focused on hormonal alterations driven by changes within the hypothalamus and ovarian granulosa cells, with treatment by the contraceptive pill and weight loss. However, a growing body of data implicates wider systemic and central nervous system (CNS) changes in the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of PCOS, with consequent implications for targeted treatments. It is proposed that there is a significant role for night-time interactions of factors acting to regulate whether the rising level of cortisol over the night and during the morning cortisol awakening response (CAR) is able to induce the nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), thereby influencing how the immune and glial systems regulate cellular function in preparation for the coming day...
January 18, 2024: Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38286402/hint2-may-be-one-clinical-significance-target-for-patient-with-diabetes-mellitus-and-reduced-ros-induced-oxidative-stress-and-ferroptosis-by-mcu
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei Bai, Wei Lu, Jun Tan, Xin Mei
The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that patients with diabetes around the world will increase to 600 million by 2040, of which about 1/3 will develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, the present study aimed to uncover therapeutic effect of HINT2 and determined its possible mechanisms. Patients with diabetes mellitus and normal volunteers were enrolled at our hospital. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high fat diet and injected intraperitoneally with STZ for once (100 mg/kg body weight)...
January 29, 2024: Hormone and Metabolic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38276053/psychological-alterations-in-youths-with-type-i-diabetes-associations-with-salivary-cortisol-concentration
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nisrin El Mlili, Hanan Ahabrach, Hind Bahri, Abdelilah Kerkeb, Mayra Alejandra Mafla-España, Omar Cauli
Background and Objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and adolescents, and is associated with stress and other psychological alterations. This study aims to assess psychological and sleep disorders and health-related quality of life in young people with T1DM and to determine the relationship between these parameters and levels of salivary cortisol, a hormone widely associated with stress and several psychological symptoms. Materials and Methods: In our cross-sectional study performed in 60 Moroccan children and adolescents with T1DM, detailed psychological evaluations were performed to assess symptoms of anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep quality and diabetes-specific quality of life (using the RCMAS-2, ADHD rating scale, Pittsburgh scale and the DQoL scale, respectively), and cortisol concentration was measured from saliva samples taken mid-morning...
December 21, 2023: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38275636/anti-inflammation-and-anti-oxidation-the-key-to-unlocking-the-cardiovascular-potential-of-sglt2-inhibitors-and-glp1-receptor-agonists
#28
REVIEW
Veronika A Myasoedova, Michele Bozzi, Vincenza Valerio, Donato Moschetta, Ilaria Massaiu, Valentina Rusconi, Daniele Di Napoli, Michele Ciccarelli, Valentina Parisi, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Stefano Genovese, Paolo Poggio
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent and complex metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have emerged as novel therapeutic agents for T2DM, primarily aiming to reduce blood glucose levels. However, recent investigations have unveiled their multifaceted effects, extending beyond their glucose-lowering effect. SGLT2i operate by inhibiting the SGLT2 receptor in the kidneys, facilitating the excretion of glucose through urine, leading to reduced blood glucose levels, while GLP1-RA mimic the action of the GLP1 hormone, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic islets...
December 20, 2023: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38257113/network-pharmacology-and-molecular-modeling-techniques-in-unraveling-the-underlying-mechanism-of-citri-reticulatae-pericarpium-aganist-type-2-diabetic-osteoporosis
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiangtao Li, Ying Wang, Amin Ullah, Ruiyang Zhang, Yuge Sun, Jinjie Li, Guangning Kou
Type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP) is a common complication in diabetic patients that seriously affects their health and quality of life. The pathogenesis of T2DOP is complex, and there are no targeted governance means in modern medicine. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has a long history and has been used in the treatment of osteoporosis diseases. However, the molecular mechanism for the CRP treatment of T2DOP is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of CRP for the treatment of T2DOP by using network pharmacology and molecular modeling techniques...
January 10, 2024: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38237611/reduction-in-the-free-androgen-index-in-overweight-women-after-sixty-days-of-a-low-glycemic-diet
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara Zapała, Patrycja Marszalec, Monika Piwowar, Olaf Chmura, Tomasz Milewicz
BACKGROUND: Hyperandrogenism is among the most common endocrine disorders in women. Clinically, it manifests as hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. A healthy lifestyle, including nutritious dietary patterns and physical activity, may influence the clinical manifestation of the disease. This study determined the effect of a low-glycemic index anti-inflammatory diet on testosterone levels and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and clinical symptoms in hyperandrogenic women at their reproductive age...
January 2024: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38216088/the-declining-insulinogenic-index-correlates-with-inflammation-and-metabolic-dysregulation-in-non-obese-individuals-assessed-by-blood-gene-expression
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Nasti, Miki Okumura, Yumie Takeshita, Tuyen Thuy Bich Ho, Yoshio Sakai, Taka-Aki Sato, Chiaki Nomura, Hisanori Goto, Yujiro Nakano, Takeshi Urabe, Seiji Nakamura, Takuro Tamura, Kenichi Matsubara, Toshinari Takamura, Shuichi Kaneko
AIMS: Diabetes onset is difficult to predict. Since decreased insulinogenic index (IGI) is observed in prediabetes, and blood gene expression correlates with insulin secretion, candidate biomarkers can be identified. METHODS: We collected blood from 96 participants (54 males, 42 females) in 2008 (age: 52.5 years) and 2016 for clinical and gene expression analyses. IGI was derived from values of insulin and glucose at fasting and at 30 min post-OGTT...
January 10, 2024: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38215420/preventing-cvd-in-women-common-questions-and-answers
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin Westfall, Anna B Viere, Joanne E Genewick
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of mortality in the United States. Women have unique risk factors for CVD, including pregnancy, hormones, autoimmune disorders, and psychological stress. Most risk calculators underestimate the risk of CVD in women; therefore, it is essential that physicians have a heightened awareness of risk-enhancing factors. A thorough history of adverse pregnancy conditions, hormonal factors, autoimmune diseases, and psychological stress, including adverse social determinants of health, should be documented in the electronic health record...
December 2023: American Family Physician
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38213620/hamsab-diet-ameliorates-dysfunctional-signaling-in-pancreatic-islets-in-autoimmune-diabetes
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valerie Vandenbempt, Sema Elif Eski, Manoja K Brahma, Ao Li, Javier Negueruela, Ylke Bruggeman, Stéphane Demine, Peng Xiao, Alessandra K Cardozo, Nicolas Baeyens, Luciano G Martelotto, Sumeet Pal Singh, Eliana Mariño, Conny Gysemans, Esteban N Gurzov
An altered gut microbiota is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), affecting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and glucose homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that enhancing serum acetate and butyrate using a dietary supplement (HAMSAB) improved glycemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with established T1D. The effects of SCFA on immune-infiltrated islet cells remain to be clarified. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on islet cells from NOD mice fed an HAMSAB or control diet...
January 19, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38200001/circulating-cell-free-mitochondrial-dna-levels-and-glucocorticoid-sensitivity-in-a-cohort-of-male-veterans-with-and-without-combat-related-ptsd
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zachary N Blalock, Gwyneth W Y Wu, Daniel Lindqvist, Caroline Trumpff, Janine D Flory, Jue Lin, Victor I Reus, Ryan Rampersaud, Rasha Hammamieh, Aarti Gautam, Francis J Doyle, Charles R Marmar, Marti Jett, Rachel Yehuda, Owen M Wolkowitz, Synthia H Mellon
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a biomarker of cellular injury or cellular stress and is a potential novel biomarker of psychological stress and of various brain, somatic, and psychiatric disorders. No studies have yet analyzed ccf-mtDNA levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this condition. In the current study, we compared plasma ccf-mtDNA levels in combat trauma-exposed male veterans with PTSD (n = 111) with those who did not develop PTSD (n = 121) and also investigated the relationship between ccf mt-DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity...
January 10, 2024: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38179389/cerebral-salt-wasting-syndrome-in-the-setting-of-hypovolemic-isotonic-hyponatremia-a-case-report
#35
Gerik Cervantes, Joshua Amaya, Pardis A Zarandi, Diana Wilson, Sandeep K Shori
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a condition characterized as the loss of sodium secondarily due to an intracranial process, commonly following the neurosurgical resection of mass lesions. This condition leads to a hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. The identification of this syndrome is often mistaken for syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH). The treatment for both conditions is vastly different. Given the risk of mortality when balancing sensitivities in hyponatremia and its commonality in clinical scenarios, a distinction is crucial...
December 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38171343/mechanistic-links-between-central-obesity-and-cardiorenal-metabolic-diseases
#36
REVIEW
Saif Al-Chalabi, Akheel A Syed, Philip A Kalra, Smeeta Sinha
Background There has been a marked increase in the global prevalence of obesity over recent decades with an estimated 1.9 billion adults who are overweight or living with obesity. This is associated with a sharp rise in the prevalence of cardiorenal metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Given recent evidence of the efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on cardiorenal protection and weight reduction, it is reasonable to investigate common causative pathways for cardiorenal metabolic diseases...
January 3, 2024: Cardiorenal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38156955/interkingdom-hormonal-regulations-between-plants-and-animals-provide-new-insight-into-food-safety
#37
REVIEW
Hang-Yuan Cheng, Wen Wang, Wei Wang, Mu-Yu Yang, Yu-Yi Zhou
Food safety has become an attractive topic among consumers. Raw material production for food is also a focus of social attention. As hormones are widely used in agriculture and human disease control, consumers' concerns about the safety of hormone agents have never disappeared. The present review focuses on the interkingdom regulations of exogenous animal hormones in plants and phytohormones in animals, including physiology and stress resistance. We summarize these interactions to give the public, researchers, and policymakers some guidance and suggestions...
December 29, 2023: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38154030/effect-of-daily-zinc-supplementation-for-12%C3%A2-weeks-on-serum-thyroid-auto-antibody-levels-in-children-and-adolescents-with-autoimmune-thyroiditis%C3%A2-a-randomized-controlled-trial
#38
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Ramachandran Ramge Sivakumar, Delhikumar Chinnaiah Govindareddy, Jayaprakash Sahoo, Zachariah Bobby, Palanivel Chinnakali
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of daily zinc supplementation for 12 weeks on thyroid auto-antibodies - thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and oxidative stress in children with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) compared to standard therapy. METHODS: This open-labeled, parallel, randomized controlled trial was done in a tertiary care teaching institute in south India. Children aged 3-18 years with AITD were randomized to receive 25 mg elemental zinc daily for 12 weeks or standard therapy alone...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism: JPEM
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38148260/perioperative-growth-hormone-levels-as-an-early-predictor-of-new-onset-secondary-adrenal-insufficiency-following-transsphenoidal-pituitary-tumor-resection
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fon-Yih Tsuang, Shyang-Rong Shih, Ham-Min Tseng, Huan-Chih Wang
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to predict new-onset secondary adrenal insufficiency (NOSAI) after transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection surgery using perioperative growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) levels, among other factors. METHODS: A cohort of 124 adult patients who underwent transsphenoidal resection for non-functioning pituitary adenoma, with routine perioperative glucocorticoid use, was used to develop the predictive regression model. An additional 46 patients served as the validation cohort...
December 25, 2023: Asian Journal of Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38146776/single-cell-transcriptomics-identifies-pituitary-gland-changes-in-diet-induced-obesity-in-male-mice
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff, Brandon H Le, Pedro A Villa, Nancy M Lainez, Sandria W Athul, Pratyusa Das, Buffy S Ellsworth, Djurdjica Coss
Obesity is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Obesity leads to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes; as well as endocrine alterations, reproductive disorders, changes in basal metabolism, and stress hormone production, all of which are regulated by the pituitary. In this study, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of pituitary glands from male mice fed control (CTR) and high-fat diet (HFD), to determine obesity-mediated changes in pituitary cell populations and gene expression...
December 26, 2023: Endocrinology
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