non invasive

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been shown that reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) could identify subclinical basal cell carcinoma (BCC) during vismodegib treatment of locally-advanced BCC. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate specificity and sensitivity of clinical, dermoscopic and RCM examination for BCC in patients with multiple BCCs treated by vismodegib. METHODS: 94 BCCs had 710 clinical, dermoscopic and RCM examinations during 72 weeks of vismodegib treatment...

This paper reports on a new boundary condition formulation to model the total coronary myocardial flow and impedance characteristics of the myocardial vascular bed for any specific patient when considered for non-invasive diagnosis of fractional flow reserve (FFR). The developed boundary condition model inherits an implicit representation of the downstream truncated vascular bed and is based on integrating patient-specific physiologic parameters that can be non-invasively extracted for each patient to account for blood flow demand to the myocardium at rest and hyperemic conditions...

AIM: The aim was to evaluate the beneficial effect of early mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibition administered at a clinical relevant time-point using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model and a dedicated rodent magnetic resonance imaging system (9.4T) to monitor cerebrovascular changes non-invasively for two weeks. METHOD: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male rats for two hours followed by reperfusion. The specific MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was administered i...

The considerable threats of invasive rodents to island biodiversity are likely to be compounded by climate change. Forecasts for such interactions have been most pronounced for the Southern Ocean islands where ameliorating conditions are expected to decrease thermal and resource restrictions on rodents. Firm evidence for changing rodent populations in response to climate change, and demonstrations of associated impacts on the terrestrial environment, are nonetheless entirely absent for the region. Using data collected over three decades on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, we tested empirically whether mouse populations have changed through time and whether these changes can be associated significantly with changing abiotic conditions...

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive ventilation is sometimes unable to provide the respiratory needs of very premature infants in the delivery room. While airway obstruction is thought to be the main problem, the site of obstruction is unknown. We investigated whether closure of the larynx and epiglottis is a major site of airway obstruction. METHODS: We used phase contrast X-ray imaging to visualise laryngeal function in spontaneously breathing premature rabbits immediately after birth and at approximately 1 hour after birth...

A recent study indicated that high Wnt5a expression is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients, however, the underlying mechanism was not clear yet. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was performed to examine the protein expression level in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The role of Wnt5a in clone formation, invasiveness, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells were studied. Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the Tcf/Lef transcriptional activity. For assessing the effects of Wnt5a on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo , A549 cells transfected with sh-Wnt5a were subcutaneously or orthotopically injected into nude mice...

An elderly man was transferred to our emergency department with reported ventricular tachycardia requiring intravenous amiodarone and intensive care unit admission. Device interrogation, the following day, revealed only frequent premature ventricular contractions and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in a patient with a known history of these conditions. The patient underwent unnecessary invasive monitoring after being emergently transferred to our facility and admitted to the intensive care unit. Fortunately, our patient did not suffer any unwarranted side effects from intravenous amiodarone...

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Acquired tumor resistance to cancer therapies pose major challenges in the treatment of cancers including melanoma. Among several signaling pathways or factors that affect neocarcinogenesis, cancer progression and therapies, altered microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been identified as crucial players in modulating the key pathways governing these events. While studies on miRNA field has grown exponentially in the last decade, much remains to be discovered, particularly with respect to their roles in cancer therapies...

Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is now considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Most malignant cells Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is now considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. Most malignant cells present with altered energy metabolism which is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This is also evident for melanoma, the leading cause of skin cancer related deaths. Altered mechanisms affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics pose attractive targets for novel anti-cancer therapies...

Titanium dioxide particles (TiO2) are widely used to produce whitens (titanium white) and different class of nanomaterials (semiconductors, photo catalysts and nanotubes). Nanomaterials are excellent adsorbents and catalysts with a wide range of applications. However, these are reported to induce biological and genetic alterations among several invertebrate groups. Invasive species such as zebra mussels can be used as model organisms to study the behavior of particles and nanoparticles (NPs) due to their wide distribution; mussels have been extensively used for monitoring water pollution...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic loci associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) risk, but single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associations with cSCC invasiveness have not been investigated. We examined associations between cSCC invasiveness and 23 reported SNPs among 67,833 non-Hispanic white subjects. Additionally, we performed a genome-wide scan and identified one SNP with significantly different frequencies in 5,724 subjects with at least one invasive tumor and 1,943 subjects with in-situ tumors only...

AIM: To evaluate early diastolic septal relaxation as a parameter in the diagnostic workup via cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in patients with myocarditis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Early diastolic septal movement was evaluated (EDS) prospectively via frame-by-frame analysis in 255 consecutive patients with presenting signs of myocarditis and in 64 controls matched 4:1 for gender and age. ECG-triggered, T2-weighted, fast spin echo triple inversion recovery sequences and late gadolinium enhancement were obtained, as well as left ventricular (LV) function and dimensions in patients and controls...

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure. However, studies of molecular mechanisms of early kidney damage are lacking. Here we examined for possible linkage between transcriptional regulation and quantitative structural damage in early diabetic kidney disease in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. Tissue obtained from protocol kidney biopsies underwent genome-wide compartment-specific gene expression profiling and quantitative morphometric analysis. The ultrastructural lesion most strongly associated with transcriptional regulation was cortical interstitial fractional volume (VvInt), an index of tubule-interstitial damage...

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most consistent risk factor for progressive vision loss in glaucoma. Cats with recessively inherited feline congenital glaucoma (FCG) exhibit elevated IOP with gradual, painless progression of glaucoma similar to humans and are studied as a model of glaucoma in humans and animals. Here, post-natal development of IOP was characterized in normal domestic cats and in cats with FCG caused by a homozygous LTBP2 mutation. Rebound tonometry (TonoVet(®), ICare Oy, Finland) was used to measure IOP non-invasively, 2-3 times weekly in 63 FCG and 33 normal kittens, of both sexes, from eyelid opening until 3-6 months of age...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is one of the most frequent diseases, and can also cause demise, disability and monetary loss in patients who suffer from cardiovascular disorder. Diagnostic methods of this ailment by physicians are typically invasive, even though they do not fulfill the required detection accuracy. METHODS: Recent feature extraction methods, for example, Auto Regressive (AR) modelling; Magnitude Squared Coherence (MSC); Wavelet Coherence (WTC) using Physionet database, yielded a collection of huge feature set...

Kidney transplant patients require life-long surveillance to detect allograft rejection. Repeated biopsy, albeit the clinical gold standard, is an invasive procedure with the risk of complications and comparatively high cost. Conversely, serum creatinine or urinary proteins are non-invasive alternatives, but are late markers with low specificity. We here report a new urine-based platform to detect kidney transplant rejection. Termed iKEA (integrated kidney exosome analysis), the approach detects extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by immune cells into urine; we reasoned that T cells, attacking kidney allografts, would shed EVs, which in turn can be used as surrogate marker for inflammation...

Neurological dysfunction following epileptic seizures is a well-recognized phenomenon. Several potential mechanisms have been suggested to explain postictal dysfunction, with alteration in cerebral blood flow being one possibility. These vascular disturbances may be long lasting and localized to brain areas involved in seizure generation and propagation, as supported by both animal and human studies. Therefore, measuring perfusion changes in the postictal period may help localize the seizure onset zone. Arterial spin labelling is a non-invasive, rapid and reproducible magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures cerebral perfusion...

The seasonalities of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) remain incompletely understood. Experimental evidence indicates that influenza-virus infection predisposes to pneumococcal disease, so that a correspondence in the seasonal patterns of ILIs and IPDs might exist at the population level. We developed a method to characterize seasonality by means of easily interpretable summary statistics of seasonal shape-or seasonal waveforms. Non-linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate those waveforms based on weekly case reports of ILIs and IPDs in five regions spanning continental France from July 2000 to June 2014...

BackgroundSurgical treatment for gastroschisis and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) commonly leads to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) associated with hypoxic renal injury. We hypothesized that measurement of urinary and serum concentrations of VEGF, π-GST, and MCP-1 may serve for non-invasive detection of hypoxic renal injury in such patients.MethodsIntra-abdominal pressure (IAP), renal excretory function, and the biomarker levels were analyzed before, 4 and 10 day after surgery. Association between the biomarker levels and renal histology was investigated using an original model of ACS in newborn rats...