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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jayantee Kalita, Sarvesh K Chaudhary, Prakash C Pandey, Varun K Singh, Usha K Misra
Infection is an important trigger of myasthenic crisis (MC), and those infections manifest with pneumonia and muscle involvement may result in more frequent MC. We report two myasthenia gravis (MG) patients with H1N1 infection, and highlight the reasons for deterioration. Two patients with MG had H1N1 infection. The diagnosis of MG was confirmed by neostigmine, repetitive nerve stimulation, and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody tests. H1N1 was confirmed by nucleic acid detection study, and myositis by creatinine kinase...
January 1, 2024: Neurology India
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ferdinamarie Sharmila, S Muthamizhkumaran, Vimal Raj Ratchagadasse, Narayan Ramamurthy, Sujatha Sistla, Rahul Dhodapkar
Basic epidemiological data is urgently needed in order to ascertain the changes brought about by COVID-19 pandemic, and help researchers, clinicians, and policy makers in addressing these issues. Data on influenza positivity from 2009 to 2019 was collected from Regional Influenza laboratory, JIPMER. Being COVID testing centre we tested samples (2020-2023) from Tamilnadu and Pondicherry. All SARI samples which were negative for COVID-19 were subjected to Influenza testing as regular surveillance activity was suspended...
January 26, 2024: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nerea Martín Almazán, Afsar Rahbar, Marcus Carlsson, Tove Hoffman, Linda Kolstad, Bengt Rönnberg, Mattia Russel Pantalone, Ilona Lewensohn Fuchs, Anna Nauclér, Mats Ohlin, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Piotr Religa, Stefan Amér, Christian Molnár, Åke Lundkvist, Andres Susrud, Birger Sörensen, Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
Susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is highly variable and could be mediated by a cross-protective pre-immunity. We identified 14 cross-reactive peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A H1N1, H3N2, and human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A/B with potential relevance. The H1N1 peptide NGVEGF was identical to a peptide in the most critical receptor binding motif in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that interacts with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. About 62%-73% of COVID-19-negative blood donors in Stockholm had antibodies to this peptide in the early pre-vaccination phase of the pandemic...
December 15, 2023: IScience
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irene Batta, Tejinder Kaur, Devendra K Agrawal
This article provides an in-depth examination on the differences between the influenza A strain, H1N1 (also called Swine Flu) and Covid-19 focusing on the immune response and clinical symptoms. Flu symptoms due to influenza A strain, H1N1, were initially discovered in 2009. This variant of influenza A is believed to have emerged through reassortment, a process where the resulting virus inherits gene segments from each of its parental viruses. This reassortment event has resulted in a variant with altered characteristics, potentially affecting the level of immunity in humans...
2023: Arch Microbiol Immunol
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Varsha Potdar, Neetu Vijay, Labanya Mukhopadhyay, Neeraj Aggarwal, Sumit Dutt Bhardwaj, Manohar Lal Choudhary, Nivedita Gupta, Harmanmeet Kaur, Jitendra Narayan, Prabhat Kumar, Harpreet Singh, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Manoj Murhekar, Meena Mishra, Sundararajan Thangavel, K Nagamani, Rahul Dhodapkar, Bashir Ahmad Fomda, Umesh Varshney, Agniva Majumdar, Shanta Dutta, P Vijayachari, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Tapan Majumdar, Ganesh Chandra Sahoo, Krishna Pandey, Anudita Bhargava, Sanjay Singh Negi, Prabhat K Khatri, Usha Kalawat, Debasis Biswas, Neeta Khandelwal, Biswajyoti Borkakoty, S Manjushree, Mini P Singh, Jyoti Iravane, K Kaveri, G B Shantala, Megha Brijwal, Aashish Choudhary, Lalit Dar, Bharti Malhotra, Amita Jain
BACKGROUND: Over time, COVID-19 testing has significantly declined across the world. However, it is critical to monitor the virus through surveillance. In late 2020, WHO released interim guidance advising the use of the existing Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) for the integrated surveillance of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: In July 2021, we initiated a pan-India integrated surveillance for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 through the geographically representative network of Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDLs) across 26 hospital and laboratory sites and 70 community sites...
2023: Frontiers in Public Health
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vinya Golagana, Ramesh Venkataraman, Ashwin K Mani, Ebenezer Rabindra Rajan, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Dedeepiya Devaprasad Vidyasagar
INTRODUCTION: Pandemic influenza H1N1/09 emerged for the first time in April 2009 and has spread widely across India since then. The number of cases have increased over time with the increasing need for respiratory support, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the clinical course and outcomes of patients infected with Influenza A (H1N1) admitted to three multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICU) in Chennai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a combined retrospective and prospective observational study of all patients admitted with H1N1 pneumonia at three multidisciplinary ICUs in Chennai from October 1, 2018, to January 31, 2019...
July 2023: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
#7
EDITORIAL
Sachin Gupta, Deeksha Singh Tomar
How to cite this article : Gupta S, Tomar DS. Influenza A (H1N1): Now is it a Thing of the Past? Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(7):461-462.
July 2023: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meena Suresh Kumar, Raghvendra Singh Shekhawat, Tanuj Kanchan, Naresh Kumar Midha
Paraquat is a highly toxic agent used as an herbicide worldwide. Despite its easy and widespread availability, data regarding cases of paraquat poisoning in India is limited. Diagnosis often becomes difficult without a clear history, owing to its rather nonspecific and varying presentation. In the present case, a 22-year-old man was brought with a history of high-grade fever, sore throat, and oral ulcers for around a week. He was symptomatically treated at multiple hospitals and was worked up for suspected diagnoses like diphtheria and influenza (H1N1)...
June 2023: Academic Forensic Pathology
#9
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Lalit Dar, Anand Krishnan, Ramesh Kumar, Shivram Dhakad, Avinash Choudekar, Sumedha Bagga, Amrit Sharma, Amit Kumar, Jyoti Jethani, Siddhartha Saha, Ritvik Amarchand, Rakesh Kumar, Aashish Choudhary, Venkatesh Vinayak Narayan, Giridara Gopal, Kathryn E Lafond, Stephen Lindstrom
BACKGROUND: We present post-vaccination nasal shedding findings from the phase IV, community-based, triple-blinded RCT conducted to assess efficacy of trivalent LAIV and inactivated influenza vaccines in rural north India. METHODS: Children aged 2-10 years received LAIV or intranasal placebo across 2015 and 2016, as per initial allocation. On days 2 and 4 post-vaccination, trained study nurses collected nasal swabs from randomly selected subset of trial participants based on operational feasibility, accounting for 10...
June 2023: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abarna Thangaraj, Jagadeesh Anbazhagan, Venkatesh Chandrasekaran, Ferdinamarie Sharmila Philomenadin, Rahul Dhodapkar
BACKGROUND: Influenza is a seasonal acute respiratory tract infection with different strains in circulation at different time periods with varying spectrum of clinical presentation. OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical presentation, morbidity, and mortality patterns associated with different strains of influenza virus, to identify the predominant strains related to hospitalization, and to identify the seasonal trend in hospitalization and risk factors for mortality in children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with influenza...
June 6, 2023: Pediatric Pulmonology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shilpa Sri Pushan, Mahesh Samantaray, Muthukumaran Rajagopalan, Amutha Ramaswamy
The need for a vaccine/inhibitor design has become inevitable concerning the emerging epidemic and pandemic viral infections, and the recent outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus is one such example. From 2009 to 2018, India faced severe fatalities due to the outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus. In this study, the potential features of reported Indian H1N1 strains are analyzed in comparison with their evolutionarily closest pandemic strain, A/California/04/2009. The focus is laid on one of its surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), which imparts a significant role in attacking the host cell surface and its entry...
2023: Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Uttaran Bhattacharjee, Alok Kumar Chakrabarti, Suman Kanungo, Shanta Dutta
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are fast-evolving pathogens with a very high mutation rate (2.0 × 10-6 to 2.0 × 10-4 ) compared to the influenza B (IBV) and influenza C (ICV) viruses. Generally, the tropical regions are considered as the reservoir for the IAV's genetic and antigenic evolutionary modification to be reintroduced into the temperate region. Therefore, in connection to the above facts, the present study emphasized on the evolutionary dynamic of the pandemic-2009 H1N1 (pdmH1N1) influenza virus in India...
June 2023: Infection, Genetics and Evolution
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kiruba Ramesh, Kannapiran Ethiraj, Sivasubramanian Srinivasan, Kaveri Krishnasamy, Kumar Rajendran, Gracyfathima Selvaraj, Padmapriya Padmanaban
Influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09 virus evolves through continuous antigenic variation in both surface antigens such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins impacting pathogenicity, immune effectiveness and drug resistance. This study reports on evolution and dynamics of 527 HA protein sequences of influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09 Indian isolates submitted between the years 2009-2020. These isolates were aligned along with a reference sequence and 22 sequences representing different clades using MEGA X and subjected to phylogenic analyses...
February 28, 2023: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
#14
EDITORIAL
Vibhor Agrawal, Sahil Chaudhary, Saurabh Pandey
Kanpur, India, recently witnessed an outbreak of undifferentiated febrile illness among medical students. Several students developed high-grade fever with altered sensorium within 2-3 days after the index case. Surprisingly, this outbreak coincided with the death of several pigs in the vicinity. Acute necrotising encephalitis, although rare, was noted in some patients. When correlated with each other, all of these incidents were suggestive of an outbreak of H1N1.
February 9, 2023: Tropical Doctor
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanul Thukral, K Shanmugasundaram, T Riyesh, Naveen Kumar, Harisankar Singha, Dolly Gambhir, Azad Laura, Simmi Tiwari, Baldev R Gulati
Zoonotic diseases have huge livestock and public health burden worldwide, including India. Prioritizing zoonotic diseases is one of the important tasks under 'One Health' as it facilitates effective policy making, proper allocation of resources and promotion of multisectoral collaboration. Although some efforts have been made to prioritizing zoonotic diseases at national level in India, it is important to identify priority diseases in regional settings due to wide variation in climate and demography of different states...
January 3, 2023: Preventive Veterinary Medicine
#16
REVIEW
Sumedha Bagga, Anand Krishnan, Lalit Dar
Seasonal influenza epidemics cause significant pediatric mortality and morbidity worldwide. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) can be administered intranasally, induce a broad and robust immune response, demonstrate higher yields during manufacturing as compared to inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs), and thereby represent an attractive possibility for young children in developing countries. We summarize recent pediatric studies evaluating LAIV efficacy in developing countries where a large proportion of the influenza-virus-associated respiratory disease burden occurs...
January 3, 2023: Vaccine
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nijalingappa K Kalappanavar, Apurba Ghosh, Monika Sharma, Latha Ravichandran, Nirmal Choraria, Saravanan P, Madhukar Pandey, Pradeep N, Prachee Shah, Sneha Nair, Ashfaque Shaikh, Serge van de Witte
Efficacy and safety data on quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) for immunization of Indian children are scarce. This phase 3, registration study evaluated the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a QIV in Indian children aged 6-35 months (Group 1) and 3-17 y (Group 2). Subjects received one or two doses (0.5 mL each) of the study vaccine based on their priming status. Immunogenicity (post-vaccination geometric mean fold increase in hemagglutination inhibition [HI] titers and proportion of patients with seroprotection and seroconversion against the four influenza strains), unsolicited adverse events (AEs), and tolerability were analyzed...
September 2, 2022: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P P Zhang, J Zhang, Z L Sun, Y G Zhou, Y Wang, H R Zhang, R F Xiao, Y Z Li, R Mu, Y Zhao, Y J Song, R F Yang, Changqing Lin
Objective: The gold immunochromatographic assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen was evaluated by international multi-center clinical trial. Methods: A total of 1 855 clinical parallel samples with valid test results (for nucleic acid and antigen tests, respectively) were collected from nine countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, France, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States of America and Brazil, with sampling period from January 3 to September 22, 2021. These samples were detected by SARS-CoV-2 antigen test kit (colloidal gold immunochromatography assay) and nucleic acid detection kit (real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction)...
August 30, 2022: Zhonghua Yi Xue za Zhi [Chinese medical journal]
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Supriya Sona, Ajanta Sharma, Kailash Chamuah, L Nungshi Henbi, Gitika Rajbongshi
PURPOSE: Influenza virus can cause serious respiratory illness sometimes resulting in epidemics and pandemics associated with significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Hence, continuous surveillance of the activity of the influenza virus and its subtypes is necessary to help the policy makers to take effective and appropriate decisions regarding its control. The study aimed to determine distribution of influenza viruses in Assam of north-east India having subtropical climate that may lead to viral subtype divergence...
August 21, 2022: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pandiarajan Vignesh, Gummadi Anjani, Rajni Kumrah, Ankita Singh, Sanjib Mondal, Johnson Nameirakpam, Ankur Jindal, Deepti Suri, Madhubala Sharma, Gurjit Kaur, Sathish Sharma, Kirti Gupta, Sreejesh Sreedharanunni, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh
Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by uncontrolled and excessive inflammation leading to high mortality. Aetiology of HLH can be primarily due to genetic causes or secondarily due to infections or rheumatological illness. However, rarely T-cell deficiencies like severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) can develop HLH. Objective: To describe clinical and laboratory features of SCID cases who developed HLH. Methods: We collected clinical, laboratory, and molecular details of patients with SCID who developed HLH at our center at Chandigarh, North India...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
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