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The purpose of this work is to analyze how new technologies can enhance clinical practice while also examining the physical traits of emotional expressiveness of face expression in a number of psychiatric illnesses. Hence, in this work, an automatic facial expression recognition system has been proposed that analyzes static, sequential, or video facial images from medical healthcare data to detect emotions in people's facial regions. The proposed method has been implemented in five steps. The first step is image preprocessing, where a facial region of interest has been segmented from the input image...

BACKGROUND: Premature ovarian failure (POF) caused by cisplatin is a severe and intractable sequela for young women with cancer who received chemotherapy. Cisplatin causes the dysfunction of granulosa cells and mainly leads to but is not limited to its apoptosis and autophagy. Ferroptosis has been also reported to participate, while little is known about it. Our previous experiment has demonstrated that endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) can repair cisplatin-injured granulosa cells. However, it is still unclear whether EnSCs can play a repair role by acting on ferroptosis...

We investigate the noise in spin transport through a single quantum dot (QD) tunnel coupled to ferromagnetic electrodes with noncollinear magnetizations. Based on a spin-resolved quantum master equation, auto- and cross-correlations of spin-resolved currents are analyzed to reveal the underlying spin transport dynamics and characteristics for various polarizations. We find the currents of majority and minority spins could be strongly autocorrelated despite uncorrelated charge trans fer. The interplay between tunnel coupling and the Coulomb interaction gives rise to an exchange magnetic field, leading to the precession of the accumulated spin in the QD...

STUDY QUESTION: What are the costs and effects of tubal patency testing by hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) compared to hysterosalpingography (HSG) in infertile women during the fertility work-up? SUMMARY ANSWER: During the fertility work-up, clinical management based on the test results of HyFoSy leads to slightly lower, though not statistically significant, live birth rates, at lower costs, compared to management based on HSG results. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Traditionally, tubal patency testing during the fertility work-up is performed by HSG...

Born-Huang expansion is the cornerstone for studying potential energy surfaces and non-adiabatic couplings (NACs) in molecular systems. However, the traditional approach is insufficient to describe the molecular system, which strongly interacts with quantum light. Inspired by the work by Schäfer et al., we develop the generalized Born-Huang expansion theory within a macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (QED) framework. The theory we present allows us to describe electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations in dielectric media and incorporate the effects of dressed photons (or polaritons) into NACs...

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become hazardous materials due to the massive amount of plastic waste and disposable masks, but their specific health effects remain uncertain. In this study, fluorescence-labeled polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) were injected into the circulatory systems of mice to determine the distribution and potential toxic effects of NPs in vivo. Interestingly, whole-body imaging found that PS-NPs accumulated in the testes of mice. Therefore, the toxic effects of PS-NPs on the reproduction systems and the spermatocytes cell line of male mice, and their mechanisms, were investigated...

Small molecule-driven ERK activation is known to induce autophagy and ferroptosis in cancer cells. Herein the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a phytochemical derived from Cannabis sativa, on ERK-driven autophagy and ferroptosis has been demonstrated in glioblastoma (GBM) cells (U87 and U373 cells). CBD imparted significant cytotoxicity in GBM cells, induced activation of ERK (not JNK and p38), and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. It increased the autophagy-related proteins such as LC3 II, Atg7, and Beclin-1 and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins such as glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), SLC7A11, and TFRC...

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is the most common type of acute kidney injury (AKI), accompanied by elevated morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigated the mechanism by which lipid droplets (LDs) degraded via autophagy (lipophagy)required for RAB7 regulated ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of S-AKI. Here, we constructed the S-AKI model in vitro and in vivo to elucidate the potential relationship of lipophagy and ferroptosis, and we first confirmed that the activation of lipophagy promoted renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis and renal damage in S-AKI...

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death that has been reported to play a central role in cardiac ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) contributes to cardiomyocyte apoptosis by functioning as an RNA ac4c acetyltransferase, but its role in cardiomyocyte ferroptosis during I/R injury has not been determined. This study aimed to elucidate the role of NAT10 in cardiac ferroptosis as well as the underlying mechanism. The mRNA and protein levels of NAT10 were increased in mouse hearts after I/R and in cardiomyocytes that were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation...

Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of programmed cell death that is implicated in the pathophysiological process of neurological disorders. Our previous studies have revealed that exposure to high concentrations of fluoride for long periods of time induces hippocampal neural injury and cognitive deficits. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in fluoride-induced neuronal death and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. In this study, the results indicated that exposure to high fluoride triggered ferroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and in the hippocampus of mice...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs belonging to the class of anthracyclines. However, the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines limit their clinical use. Recent studies have suggested that ferroptosis is the main underlying pathogenetic mechanism of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). BTB-and-CNC homology 1 (Bach1) acts as a key role in the regulation of ferroptosis. However, the mechanistic role of Bach1 in DIC remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanistic role of Bach1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity using the DIC mice in vivo (DOX at cumulative dose of 20 mg/kg) and the DOX-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro (1 μM)...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Symptom impact and neurocognitive function have not been previously compared between patients with obesity-associated hypoventilation disorders (obesity hypoventilation syndrome [OHS]) and hypoventilation in the setting of obesity and obstructive airways disease (OHAD). The aim of this study is to compare baseline sleep-related symptoms, health-related quality of life, and neurocognitive function between OHS and OHAD and the impact of PAP therapy on these outcomes. METHODS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quality Index (PSQI), SF36, and various neurocognitive tests, in addition to anthropometric, polysomnography, lung function, and blood gas data from participants with OHS and participants with OHAD, were included in the analysis...

Aurora kinase A, as a pro-carcinogenic in gastric cancer and glioma kinase, is enhanced in several human tumors. However, it's regulatory mechanism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the expression status, functional roles, and molecular mechanisms of AURKA in ESCC development. AURKA expression was analyzed by the screening of the GEO database and detected using an immunohistochemical method. The biological function of AURKA on ESCC was evaluated in vitro and in vivo...

Prior analysis of intact and modified protein forms (proteoforms) of KRAS4B isolated from cell lines and tumor samples by top-down mass spectrometry revealed the presence of novel posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and potential evidence of context-specific KRAS4B modifications. However, low endogenous proteoform signal resulted in ineffective characterization, making it difficult to visualize less abundant PTMs or perform follow-up PTM validation using standard proteomic workflows. The NCI RAS Initiative has developed a model system, whereby KRAS4B bearing an N-terminal FLAG tag can be stably expressed within a panel of cancer cell lines...

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Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial role in ferroptosis by regulating the cellular antioxidant response and maintaining redox balance. However, compounds that induce ferroptosis through dual antioxidant pathways based on Nrf2 have not been fully explored. In our study, we investigated the impact of Gambogic acid (GA) on MCF-7 cells and HepG2 cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity, colony formation assay and cell cycle assay demonstrated potent tumor-killing ability of GA, while its effect was rescued by ferroptosis inhibitors...

OBJECTIVE: Research has shown that celastrol can effectively treat a variety of diseases, yet when passing a certain dosage threshold, celastrol becomes toxic, causing complications such as liver and kidney damage and erythrocytopenia, among others. With this dichotomy in mind, it is extremely important to find ways to preserve celastrol's efficacy while reducing or preventing its toxicity. METHODS: In this study, insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells were prepared using palmitic acid and used for in vitro experiments...

OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one cancer with high death rates. Nowadays, there are no effective drugs to treat it. Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is the primary ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Buxus microphylla. Here, we try to explore the impacts of CVB-D on human HCC cells and explain the potential mechanisms. METHODS: HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were used for our experiments. The cell viability and half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were detected by MTT assays...

Direct oxidation of methane to methanol was reported to be highly dependent on the transition- or noble-metal-loading catalysts in the past decades. Here, we show that the transition-metal-free aluminosilicate ferrierite (FER) zeolite effectively catalyzed methane and N2 O to methanol for the first time. The distorted tetracoordinated Al in the framework and pentacoordinated Al on the extra framework formed during calcination, activation, and reaction processes were confirmed as the potential active centers...

Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is characterized by renal fibrosis and tubular necrosis caused by elevated uric acid levels. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent type of cell death, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. The objective of this study was to explore the role of ferroptosis in HN and the impact of a ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). The study combined adenine and potassium oxonate administration to establish a HN model in mice and treated HK-2 cells with uric acid to simulate HN conditions...