body composition children

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationships between 24-h movement behaviors and physical fitness (PF) in preschool children. METHODS: The study was conducted on 474 children aged 3-6 years in Zhuhai. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were collected by the accelerometer, and sleep time was assessed through the parent-report questionnaire. Balance, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, and speed-agility were measured using a balance beam test, 20 m shuttle run test, sit and reach test, handgrip test, sit-ups, and 4 × 10 m shuttle run test respectively...

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is one of the major challenges of public health policies. The problem of fatty liver in childhood, known as MAFLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease), is of particular interest as the gold standard diagnosis technique is invasive (liver biopsy). Hence, efforts are made to discover more specific biomarkers for the MAFLD signature. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate Osteonectin and Hsp27 as biomarkers for MAFLD diagnosis and to assess their links with auxological and biochemical profiles of overweight and obese pediatric subjects...

The occurrence of overweight and obesity among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has become a worldwide epidemic. However, there is limited research on this topic in the Lebanese population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the differences in anthropometric measurements and body composition variables among Lebanese children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents diagnosed with ASD in contrast to typically developing peers across various developmental stages. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity within this population...

NAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, as a direct consequence of the high prevalence of childhood obesity. This study aimed to characterize body composition trajectories from childhood to adolescence and their association with the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during adolescence. The participants were part of the 'Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study', comprising 784 children who were followed prospectively from age 3 years. Annual assessments of nutritional status and body composition were conducted, with ultrasound screening for NAFLD during adolescence revealing a 9...

UNLABELLED: Challenging the assumption of uniform nutritional needs in preterm feeding, this study identifies crucial sex-specific disparities in formula milk intake and growth among late preterm infants. Premature infants have difficulty regulating their oral intake during feeds, which is why clinicians prescribe feeding volume, calories, and protein via the nasogastric route. However, premature male and female infants have different body compositions at birth, and, subsequently, there is no evidence to suggest that male and female preterm infants differ in their nutritional consumption once they begin feeding ad libitum...

OBJECTIVES: Despite the health importance of identifying correlates of physical fitness in youth, no investigation to date has explored the influence of behavioral, health-related, and contextual correlates simultaneously. We investigated the hierarchical relationship of multiple modifiable correlates favoring or diminishing cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in youth. DESIGN: Cross-sectional investigation. METHODS: In a sample of 5174 children and adolescents, 31 correlates were hierarchized according to their impact on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness assessed using the FITESCOLA® fitness battery...

BACKGROUND: Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common glomerular disease in children. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a probiotic producing butyric acid, exerts effective in regulating inflammation. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of C. butyricum on PNS inflammation through the gut-kidney axis. METHOD: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group (CON), C. butyricum control group (CON+C. butyricum), PNS model group (PNS), and PNS with C...

Body odors change during development, and this change influences the interpersonal communication between parents and their children. The molecular basis for this chemical communication has not been elucidated yet. Here, we show by combining instrumental and sensory analyses that the qualitative odorant composition of body odor samples is similar in infants (0-3 years) and post-pubertal children (14-18 years). The post-pubertal samples are characterized by higher odor dilution factors for carboxylic acids and by the presence of 5α-androst-16-en-3-one and 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol...

Microplastic (MPs) pollution is a current global concern that is affecting all environmental compartments and food sources. In this work, anthropogenic particles occurrence (MPs and natural and synthetic cellulosic particles), have been determined in 73 beverages packed in different containers. Overall, 1521 anthropogenic particles were found, being the lowest occurrence in water samples (7.2 ± 10.1 items·L-1 ) while beer had the highest (95.5 ± 91.8 items·L-1 ). Colourless/white particles were the most detected followed by blue and red colours...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of food insecurity among child and adolescent athletics practitioners and to investigate factors associated with exercise performance, dietary habits, body composition, sleep, and socioeconomic status based on food security status. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, between June and July 2023. The convenience sample included children and adolescents (7-17 y old) of both sexes...

BACKGROUND: Birth weight is considered an important marker of inadequate maternal nutrition, and it is a critical indicator of the newborn's health and development. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of low birth weight (LBW) on body composition in 7-10-year-old school children from Boane City-Mozambique. METHODS: A total of 220 children (female = 122 and male = 98) were divided into two groups according to their birth weight (LBW, n = 41; and normal birth weight, NBW, n = 179)...

Recombinant growth hormone (GH) is administered as daily subcutaneous injections. Daily treatment can be challenging for children/adolescents as well as for parents and/or caregivers (legal representatives, guardians of children in institutional care). Challenges associated with daily treatment may result in missing several doses and non-adherence with treatment leads to inadequate growth response. As an inadequate growth response does not meet criteria for continuing treatment, payers (commercial or public) may decide to end reimbursement...

BACKGROUND: Maternal healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy have been associated with reduced risk of offspring overweight and obesity (OWOB). However, there has been little investigation, in the context of the Paternal Origins of Health and Disease (POHaD) paradigm, of the potential influence of the paternal lifestyle on offspring OWOB. OBJECTIVES: To describe paternal healthy lifestyle factors around pregnancy and investigate their associations, individually and combined, with offspring risk of OWOB during childhood...

The "fat but fit paradox" states that people who are fit have a lower cluster cardiometabolic risk (CCMR), even if they are overweight or obese. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the CCMR between four categories based on the "fat but fit paradox" variable, in different fitness categories-cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and physical fitness-in adolescents. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle fitness, blood samples, and blood pressure were assessed in 230 adolescents, and cardiometabolic risk and three different "fat but fit paradox" variables were calculated...

UNLABELLED: Children obesity is a serious public health problem drawing much attention around the world. Recent research indicated that gut microbiota plays a vital role in children obesity, and disturbed gut microbiota is a prominent characteristic of obese children. Diet and exercise are efficient intervention for weight loss in obesity children, however, how the gut microbiota is modulated which remains largely unknown. To characterize the feature of gut microbiota in obese children and explore the effect of dietary and exercise on gut microbiota in simple obese children, 107 healthy children and 86 obese children were recruited, and among of the obese children 39 received the dietary-exercise combined weight loss intervention (DEI)...

PURPOSE: The impacts of growth restriction and programming in the fetal stage on metabolic and bone health in children and adolescents are poorly understood. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence for the relationship between current growth status and metabolic components. Herein, we compared the growth status, metabolic and body compositions, and bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents based on birth weight at gestational age. METHODS: We studied 1,748 subjects (272 small for gestational age [SGA], 1,286 appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and 190 large for gestational age [LGA]; 931 men and 817 women) aged 10-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V (2010-2011)...

BACKGROUND: Variability in BMI trajectories is associated with body composition and cardiometabolic markers in early childhood, but it is unknown how these associations track to later childhood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess associations of BMI trajectories from 0-5 years with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at 10 years. METHODS: In the Ethiopian iABC birth cohort, we previously identified 4 distinct BMI trajectories from 0-5 years: stable low BMI (19...

The aim of the present review is to systematically analyse the current literature about gender differences in hip or knee cartilage composition and degeneration, to help explaining how and why osteoarthritis affects women more often and more severely than men. A systematic review of the literature in English was performed. Eleven studies on 1962 patients (905 females and 787 males) that reported differences on cartilage composition between males and females were included. Nine evaluated the knee, one the hip, and one both...

OBJECTIVE: Eating disorders among children and adolescents have increased in prevalence, and mortality rates for anorexia nervosa are among the highest for any psychiatric disorder. Our current study aimed to (a) examine the cross-sectional relationship between body composition and anxiety/depressive symptoms among 97 adolescents and young adults who have been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, (b) examine the longitudinal changes in body composition and anxiety/depressive symptoms over three months (from baseline to follow-up visit), and (c) examine the longitudinal relationship between change in body composition and change in anxiety/depression over three months...

BACKGROUND: The absolute agreement of surrogate measures of adiposity with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-measured body composition was examined. METHODS: Over a 15-year follow-up, 7237 (3667 females) nine-year-old children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) UK birth cohort were included. Total fat mass (FM) and trunk FM were serially measured with DEXA at ages 9, 11, 15, 17, and 24 years. BMI and waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR) were computed...