Anesthesia for strabism surgery

PURPOSE: Cortical visual impairment (CVI) is the common cause of pediatric visual impairment in cerebral palsy (CP) while exotropia is the most common strabismus associated with CP. We aim to observe the strabismic surgery outcomes in pediatric patients with CP and CVI. METHOD: Our medical records were collected from pediatric patients treated in our hospital from May 1, 2017 to Jan 1, 2022. With normal intelligence assessment and diagnosis of exotropia in children with CP and CVI, microsurgeries were performed under intravenous combined inhalation anesthesia...

PURPOSE: Evaluating the passive duction force of the extraocular muscles is important for the diagnosis of and surgical planning for strabismus. This is especially relevant in patients with an observable limitation of duction movement. The purpose of this study was to validate passive duction forces in healthy subjects using a novel instrument. METHODS: An instrument for making continuous quantitative measurements of passive duction forces was designed. Tension was measured as the eyeball was rotated horizontally or vertically from the resting position under general anesthesia 10 mm (50°) away from the direction of force to be tested (opposite side)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the common and serious complications of strabismus surgery, emphasizing prevention, identification, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Confusions involving incorrect procedures and patients can occur despite the Universal Protocol, but should be preventable and treatable. Damage to structures adjacent to muscles and scleral perforations should be prevented by careful surgical technique and effective magnification. Orbital inflammations and anterior segment ischemia can usually be treated effectively...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Esotropia is the most common manifestation form of strabism accompanied by refraction deviations and amblyopia. The aim of this prospective study was to present the outcomes of surgical treatment of esotropia in children and adolescents. METHODS: Within the period from January 1st 2006 to February 1st 2007 at the Clinic for Ophtalmology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade a total of 25 patients with esotropia (34 eyes) and previously corrected refraction anomaly and treated amblyopia were operated on...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of diplopia following cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Single centre prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From January 2003 to January 2005 every patient undergoing cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia was included. Any patient spontaneously complaining of double vision on day 1 received a full ophthalmologic examination...

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous eye muscle and lens surgery in patients with strabismus and lens abnormalities offers the advantage of avoiding staged surgery. METHODS: Thirty-three combined strabismus and lens surgeries were performed on 30 patients who ranged in age from 22 months to 91 years. Fifteen of the strabismus procedures were performed for esotropia, 12 for exotropia, 4 for vertical deviations, and 2 for combined vertical-horizontal deviations. Surgical amounts often were reduced to lessen the risk of overcorrection, to minimize anesthetic requirements (when using topical rather than general anesthesia), or to avoiding additional surgery on the contralateral or ipsilateral eye...

UNLABELLED: In our Department of Orthoptics we have seen an increasing number of patients suffering from diplopia after cataract surgery with IOL implantation. Between 1993 and 1997 the total number of patients with this problem was 24 (2.7 % of all patients, mean age 71 years, age range 38-88). We addressed the question of whether there is a common pattern of motility dysfunction. METHODS: After evaluation of the clinical history and the basic ophthalmological findings the following parameters were examined: binocular function (Bagolini test), squint angles (Maddox cross), ocular motility...

PURPOSE: In the Hirschberg eye position test, the ratio of strabismic angle to decentration of the corneal reflex is dependent on two biometric parameters of the eye: the radius of the corneal curvature and the depth of the anterior chamber. This study was designed to confirm whether the Hirschberg conversion ratio (HR) previously determined for adults can be used for children of various ages despite structural growth of the eye. METHODS: For 262 eyes of 131 children with strabismus (age range, 6 months to 11 years), the radius of the corneal curvature was measured with an auto-keratometer and the anterior chamber depth with an A-scan ultrasound unit under general anesthesia before the surgery...

OBJECTIVE: Intermittent exotropia is a common form of childhood strabismus that has a late onset and presents a difficult and frustrating management dilemma. Surgical treatments have a high recurrence rate, and multiple surgeries often are required to achieve a desirable motor outcome. This study presents long-term observations on the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of intermittent exotropia in children. DESIGN: This study is a nonrandomized, case-controlled study of consecutive pediatric patients who had intermittent exotropia...

INTRODUCTION: The oculocardiac reflex causes severe bradycardic arrhythmias and is a frequent complication during surgical manipulation at the medial rectus muscle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of lidocaine administered topically on the muscle on the incidence of the oculocardiac reflex. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, 140 patients with strabism or retinal surgery were included in this study. All patients received standard premedication and anesthesia and were randomly assigned to two groups...

In humans, esotropia of early onset is associated with a profound asymmetry in smooth pursuit eye movements. When viewing is monocular, targets are tracked well only when they are moving nasally with respect to the viewing eye. To determine whether this pursuit abnormality reflects an anomaly in cortical visual motion processing, we recorded eye movements and cortical neural responses in nonamblyopic monkeys made strabismic by surgery at the age of 10-60 d. Eye movement recordings revealed the same asymmetry in the monkeys' pursuit eye movements as in humans with early-onset esotropia...

Since april 1993, we have an out-patient surgery department in our university hospital. We report our experience of out-patient surgery in 80 strabismic patients> We have divided the 80 patients in a pediatric group and an adult group. We describe the conditions of admission for out-patient surgery, the method of anesthesia, the development of the procedure. Surgical techniques do not differ from those used in hospitalized patients. We report our statistics concerning age, diagnosis, type and length of surgery of our 80 patients...