microRNA lipid

Hypercholesterolaemia provokes reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) development. We previously showed that circulating microRNA(miR)-33a/b expression levels were up-regulated in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). miR-33a/b control cholesterol homoeostasis and recently miR-33b has been demonstrated to directly target the transcription factor ZEB1. The latter acts in a negative feedback-loop with miR-200 family. Our previous studies showed that the ROS-dependent miR-200c up-regulation induces endothelial dysfunction and provokes a ZEB1-dependent apoptosis and senescence...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent disease that impairs fetal metabolism and development. We have previously characterized a rat model of GDM induced by developmental programming. Here, we analyzed lipid content, the levels of the three PPAR isotypes and the expression of microRNAs that regulate PPARs expression in the liver of male and female fetuses of control and GDM rats on day 21 of pregnancy. We found increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the livers of male fetuses of GDM rats compared to controls, and, oppositely, reduced levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids and free fatty acids in the livers of female fetuses of GDM rats compared to controls...

Body fat mass is closely associated to diseases related to obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are important regulatory molecules that function as post-transcriptional gene regulators of adipocyte development. In the current study, we revealed that reduced expression of miR-199a-3p in adipose tissue resulting from high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p promoted adipocyte proliferation by regulating the expression of regulating factors of the cell cycle. Furthermore, miR-199a-3p blunted lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Effective treatments are needed for hepatic steatosis characterized by accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, which leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. MicroRNA 122 (MIR122) is expressed only in the liver, where it regulates lipid metabolism. We investigated the mechanism by which free fatty acids (FFAs) regulate MIR122 expression and the effect of MIR122 on triglyceride synthesis. METHODS: We analyzed MIR122 promoter activity and validated its target mRNAs by transfection of luciferase reporter plasmids into Huh7, BNL-1ME, and HEK293 cultured cell lines...

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mouse develops a form of leukemia that is similar to the aggressive type of human B-CLL, and this valuable model has been widely used for testing novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we adopted this model to investigate the potential effects of miR-26a, miR-130an and antimiR-155 in CLL therapy. Improved delivery of miRNA molecules into CLL cells was obtained by developing a novel system based on lipid nanoparticles conjugated with an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody...

Diapause is a programmed dormancy that allows organisms to tolerate predictable periods of unfavourable conditions by temporarily halting development and reducing metabolism. Diapause is widespread amongst insects and is crucial for allowing organisms to coordinate their growth and reproduction with favourable environmental conditions. Although the adaptive significance of diapause is well understood, the molecular mechanisms underpinning diapause remain unresolved. We performed high-throughput sequencing to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the diapause of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are hallmarks of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. The specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) preserves tissue homeostasis by exerting cytoprotective actions, dampening inflammation, and expediting its timely resolution. Here, we explored whether MaR1 protects liver cells from lipotoxic and hypoxia-induced ER stress...

We explored the role of microRNA-30a (miR-30a) and the mechanism involved in hepatic fibrosis. MiR-30a overexpression was achieved by miR-30a mimics transfection in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (HSC-T6, LX-2), and miR-30a agomir (ago-miR-30a) treatment in mice. MiR-30a levels were measured using TaqMan miRNA assay system, and the localization of miR-30a was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The interaction of miR-30a and Beclin1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Autophagic flux was analysed using tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and Western blot of LC3-II/I ratio...

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms among men worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in numerous important cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. They have been found to be aberrantly expressed in many types of human cancers. They can act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, and changes in their levels are associated with tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. miR-33a is an intronic miRNA embedded within SREBF2 that has been reported to have tumor suppressive properties in some cancers but has not been examined in prostate cancer...

Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), although the pathological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we longitudinally characterized left ventricle pathology in a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CKD and identify novel molecular mediators. Next-generation sequencing of left ventricle mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) was performed at physiologically distinct points in disease progression, identifying alterations in genes in numerous immune, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory pathways, as well as several miRNAs...

Although exosomes were previously recognized as a mechanism for discharging useless cellular components, growing evidence has elucidated their roles in conveying information between cells. They contribute to cell-cell communication by carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids that can, in turn, regulate behavior of the target cells. Recent research suggested that exosomes extensively participate in progression of diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary arterial hypertension and others...

In resistive pulse sensing of microRNA biomarkers, selectivity is achieved with polynucleotide-extended DNA probes, with the unzipping of a miRNA-DNA duplex in the nanopore recorded as a resistive current pulse. As the assay sensitivity is determined by the pulse frequency, we investigated the effect of cis/trans electrolyte concentration gradients applied over α-hemolysin nanopores. KCl gradients were found to exponentially increase the pulse frequency, while reducing the preference for 3'-first pore entry of the duplex and accelerating duplex unzipping, all manifestations of an enhanced electrophoretic force...

BACKGROUND: Although gemcitabine-based chemotherapy has been established as a core multimodal therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, its clinical efficacy remains limited by the development of acquired resistance following tumor metastasis and relapse. In this study, we investigated how gemcitabine-resistant (GR) cells contribute to the development of NSCLC tumor malignancy via exosome-mediated transfer of microRNAs. METHODS: We first studied the mechanism of exosome internalization via PKH-67 staining and an immunofluorescence assay, then confirmed our finding by transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target gene transcripts. They have been implicated in various activities such as cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and metabolism. We report here the first known miRNome and transcriptome analysis of human livers displaying advanced fibrosis due to Schistosoma japonicum infection. We present evidence that hsa-miR-150-5p, hsa-miR-10a-5p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-4521, hsa-miR-222/221, hsa-miR-663b and hsa-miR-143-3p (associated without correction) play an important role in hepatic fibrosis by acting on metabolism, organization of the extracellular matrix proteins, lipid mobilization and limitation of oxidative damage stress...

PURPOSE: To determine whether beraprost sodium, a prostacyclin analogue, could reduce hepatic lipid accumulation induced by fructose in mice and cultured human hepatocytes, and to investigate the expression of microRNAs and the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway. METHODS: Male C57BL/6JNju mice were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets: a normal diet, a high fructose diet, or a high fructose diet with beraprost sodium treatment. In addition, human-derived HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with fructose (25mmol/L) with or without beraprost sodium (10μmol/L) for 24h, and transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against SIRT1, miR-200a mimic, or miR-200a inhibitor for 48h...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from an autoimmune attack against the insulin-producing ß cells which leads to chronic hyperglycemia. Exosomes are lipid vesicles derived from cellular multivesicular bodies that are enriched in specific miRNAs, potentially providing a disease-specific diagnostic signature. To assess the value of exosome miRNAs as biomarkers for T1DM, miRNA expression in plasma-derived exosomes was measured. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of plasma-derived exosomes (EXOs) isolated by differential centrifugation...

BACKGROUND: Camellia species are ancient oilseed plants with a history of cultivation over two thousand years. Prior to oil extraction, natural seed drying is often practiced, a process affecting fatty acid quality and quantity. MicroRNAs (miRNA) of lipid metabolism associated with camellia seed natural drying are unexplored. To obtain insight into the function of miRNAs in lipid metabolism during natural drying, Illumina sequencing of C. oleifera and C. meiocarpa small-RNA was conducted...

Milk fat determines the quality of milk and is also a main targeted trait in dairy cow breeding. Recent studies have revealed important regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNA) in milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland. However, the role of miRNA in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the overexpression of miR-130a significantly decreased cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and suppressed lipid droplet formation, whereas the inhibition of miR-130a resulted in greater lipid droplet formation and TAG accumulation in BMEC...

The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the LM, also known as marbling, is particularly important in determining the price of beef in Korea, Japan, and the United States. Deposition of IMF is influenced by both genetic (e.g., breed, gender, and genotype) and nongenetic factors (e.g., castration, nutrition, stressors, animal weight, and age). Castration of bulls markedly increases deposition of IMF, resulting in improved beef quality. Here, we present a comparative gene expression approach between bulls and steers...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The injury and apoptotic cell death of endothelial cells hallmark the development of atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, immune responses, and formation of coronary plaques. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of endothelial cell apoptosis remain ill-defined. Recent evidence suggests a role of microRNAs in the processes of AS-associated endothelial cell apoptosis. Thus, we studied this question in the current study...