Ldl AND oxLdl

Nalmefene, an antagonist of mu- and delta-opioid receptors and a partial agonist of kappa-opioid receptors, has shown promise in reducing alcohol consumption among patients with alcohol dependence. Opioid receptors play pivotal roles in various physiological processes, including those related to peripheral inflammatory diseases such as colitis and arthritis, as well as functions in the immune system and phagocytosis. Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, progresses through the phagocytosis and uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques...

BACKGROUND: All-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease are increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Risk scores are used to predict individual risk of heart disease. We performed a long-term follow-up study to investigate whether risk scores and cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial stiffness, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) can be used to predict cardiovascular events in Finnish men with MetS. METHODS: After baseline measurements we followed 105 Finnish men aged 30 to 65 years with MetS for a mean period of 16...

Some dietary patterns are associated with inflammation, while others lower inflammation and improve health. However, many people cannot follow a complete, healthy diet. Therefore, this study's aim was to identify specific foods associated chronic inflammation and mortality. The study used Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) research materials from the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center. Three plant-based and three animal-based MESA food categories were chosen based on perceived availability in the western diet...

INTRODUCTION: Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for premature arteriosclerosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction preceding vasculopathy. We investigated the association between inflammation, glycocalyx biomarkers, endothelial function and vascular parameters in children with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: In 22 patients (LDL-cholesterol > 130 mg/dl; median age [IQR]: 13 [2.3] years) and 22 controls (13 [2...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-5 is a key mediator of endothelial cell homeostasis, and its inhibition causes loss of critical endothelial markers leading to endothelial dysfunction (ED). Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been identified as an underlying cause of ED and atherosclerosis in metabolic disorders. Silymarin (Sym), a flavonolignan, possesses various pharmacological activities however its preventive mechanism in ED warrants further investigation. Here, we have examined the effects of Sym in regulating the expression of Erk-5 and ameliorating ED using in vitro and in vivo models...

Endothelial injury and dysfunction in the artery wall fuel the process of atherosclerosis. As a key epigenetic regulator, Ash2l (Absent, small, or homeotic-Like 2) is involved in regulating vascular injury and its complications. However, the role of Ash2l in atherosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found increased Ash2l expression in high-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) treated endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, Ash2l promoted the scavenger receptors transcription by catalyzing histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the promoter region of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and triggered the activation of the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by enhancing interaction between CD36 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)...

BACKGROUND: Oxidized LDL (OxLDL), the key player in atherogenesis modulates endothelial dysfunction, initiates monocyte recruitment, accentuates foam cell formation, and flares up inflammatory and apoptotic events. Even though homeopathic preparation of Allium sativum has been proved to be an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-atherogenic agent, its mechanism of action on abrogating OxLDL mediated foam cell formation is yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to bring out the role of homeopathic preparation of Allium sativum in curbing OxLDL mediated cellular inflammation in IC-21 cells exposed with OxLDL...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Survivors of acute coronary syndromes face an elevated risk of recurrent atherosclerosis-related vascular events despite advanced medical treatments. The underlying causes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate whether myocardial infarction (MI)-induced trained immunity in monocytes could sustain proatherogenic traits and expedite atherosclerosis. METHODS: Apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and adoptive bone marrow transfer chimeric mice underwent MI or myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR)...

With the advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been modified into a chronic manageable condition, prolonging the lifespan of people living with HIV (PLHIV). This has resulted in an increased non-AIDS-related morbidity in the HIV-infected population. Our aim is to study the role of contemporary ART in tackling the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PLHIV. We searched through the databases of PubMed, PubMed Central, and Cochrane Library for pertinent articles using the medical subject headings (MeSH) "HIV infection", "Atherosclerosis", and "Antiretroviral agents"...

The removal of the toxic oxidized cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), from cells through the administration of therapeutics has the potential to treat atherosclerosis and various other pathologies. While cholesterol is a necessary building block for homeostasis, oxidation of cholesterol can lead to the formation of toxic oxysterols involved in various pathologies, the most prominent of which is 7KC, which is formed through the non-enzymatic oxidation of cholesterol. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) particles, highly implicated in heart disease, contain high levels of 7KC, and molecular 7KC is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, sickle cell anemia, and multiple age related diseases...

BACKGROUND: There are limited data about the influence of stent composition on immune responses after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare the effects of PCI with conventional cobalt-chromium bare metal stent (BMS) and drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation on the modulation of humoral and cellular immune responses. METHODS: A randomised, single-centre, open pilot study involving patients with stable coronary artery disease eligible for PCI was performed...

Andrographolide (AND) is a bioactive component of the herb Andrographis paniculata and a well-known anti-inflammatory agent. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vasculature, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is thought to contribute heavily to atherosclerosis-associated inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AND mitigates oxLDL-mediated foam cell formation and diet-induced atherosclerosis (in mice fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-cholic acid [HFCCD] diet) and the underlying mechanisms involved...

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that exerts multifaceted roles in atherosclerosis. However, its association with hyperlipidemia is contradictory. To date, serum SDF-1 and its correlations with lipid fractions and subfractions in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) have not been investigated. Eighty-one untreated patients with HeFH and 32 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum SDF-1, oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by ELISA...

Platelet activation and related cardiovascular complications are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the mechanism of platelet activation in T2D using mass spectrometry- based identification of differentially expressed platelet proteins with a focus on glycosylated forms. Glycosylation is considered one of the common post-translational modifications in T2D, and N/O-linked glycosylation of glycoproteins/integrins is known to play crucial roles in platelet activation. Our platelet proteome data revealed elevated levels of glycoproteins GPIbα, GPIIbIIIa, GPIV (CD36), GPV and integrins in T2D patients...

Persistent oxidative stress and inflammation contribute causally to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration, the characteristic features of vascular proliferative diseases. Oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL) elevate oxidative stress levels, inflammatory responses, and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activation, resulting ultimately in SMC migration, proliferation, and phenotype change. Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is a membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor...

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process induced by the influx and entrapment of excess lipoproteins into the intima media of arteries. Previously, our lab demonstrated that systemic PTP1B inhibition protects against atherosclerosis in preclinical LDLR-/- models. Similarly, it was shown that myeloid-specific PTP1B ablation decreases plaque formation and ameliorates dyslipidaemia in the ApoE-/- model of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the relevant improvements in dyslipidaemia following modification of PTP1B activation may either result from changes in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and/or increased uptake and degradation by liver-resident macrophages...

In multicellular organisms, a variety of lipid-protein particles control the systemic flow of triacylglycerides, cholesterol and fatty acids between cells in different tissues. The chemical modification by oxidation of these particles can trigger pathological responses, mediated by a group of membrane proteins termed scavenger receptors. The lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LOX-1) scavenger receptor binds to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and mediates both signaling and trafficking outcomes...

We aimed to investigate serum amino-terminal C-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proCNP) and its relationship with quantitative and qualitative HDL-parameters in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) before, then 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation (TX). Seventy patients (47 males, 23 females, mean age 51.7 ± 12.4 years) were enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. We examined serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, fasting glucose and lipid parameters before, then 1 and 6 months after TX...

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are major contributors to atherogenesis, as endogenous antigens, via several receptors such as LOX 1. A PubMed search was conducted in order to identify relevant articles regarding LOX-1's role in the atherosclerosis, diagnosis, prognostic use and molecules that could be used for therapy. The references of the manuscripts obtained were also reviewed, in order to find additional relevant bibliography. LOX-1 is a lectin-like pattern recognition receptor, mostly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) which can bind a variety of molecules, including oxLDL and C-reactive protein (CRP)...

We aimed to examine the impact of high endurance training on vascular health parameters and immune-endocrine responses against modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. This observational, cross-sectional study included high endurance-trained and healthy non-trained subjects. Vascular ultrasound was used to assess vascular health parameters based on carotid intima-media thickness and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, autoantibody isotypes anti-oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and anti-apolipoprotein B (ApoB-D) peptide...