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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tianlu Chen, Fengfeng Pan, Qi Huang, Guoxiang Xie, Xiaowen Chao, Lirong Wu, Jie Wang, Liang Cui, Tao Sun, Mengci Li, Ying Wang, Yihui Guan, Xiaojiao Zheng, Zhenxing Ren, Yuhuai Guo, Lu Wang, Kejun Zhou, Aihua Zhao, Qihao Guo, Fang Xie, Wei Jia
The metabolic implications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a metabolomics study on a moderately aging Chinese Han cohort (n = 1397; mean age 66 years). Conjugated bile acids, branch-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and glutamate-related features exhibited strong correlations with cognitive impairment, clinical stage, and brain amyloid-β deposition (n = 421). These features demonstrated synergistic performances across clinical stages and subpopulations and enhanced the differentiation of AD stages beyond demographics and Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE-ε4)...
May 7, 2024: Nature Communications
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yong Yao, Yaping Yuan, Shuyan Sheng, Yifan Li, Xiaoniu Tang, Hao Gu
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that infects approximately one-third of the global human population, often leading to chronic infection. While acute T. gondii infection can cause neural damage in the central nervous system and result in toxoplasmic encephalitis, the consequences of T. gondii chronic infection (TCI) are generally asymptomatic. However, emerging evidence suggests that TCI may be linked to behavioral changes or mental disorders in hosts. Astrocyte polarization, particularly the A1 subtype associated with neuronal apoptosis, has been identified in various neurodegenerative diseases...
May 7, 2024: Scientific Reports
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashley A Keiser, Tri N Dong, Enikö A Kramár, Christopher W Butler, Siwei Chen, Dina P Matheos, Jacob S Rounds, Alyssa Rodriguez, Joy H Beardwood, Agatha S Augustynski, Ameer Al-Shammari, Yasaman Alaghband, Vanessa Alizo Vera, Nicole C Berchtold, Sharmin Shanur, Pierre Baldi, Carl W Cotman, Marcelo A Wood
Exercise has beneficial effects on cognition throughout the lifespan. Here, we demonstrate that specific exercise patterns transform insufficient, subthreshold training into long-term memory in mice. Our findings reveal a potential molecular memory window such that subthreshold training within this window enables long-term memory formation. We performed RNA-seq on dorsal hippocampus and identify genes whose expression correlate with conditions in which exercise enables long-term memory formation. Among these genes we found Acvr1c, a member of the TGF ß family...
May 7, 2024: Nature Communications
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachana Mehta, Bimalesh Kumar Jha, Balkrishna Awal, Ranjit Sah, Lilee Shrestha, Chhoting Sherpa, Smriti Shrestha, Runa Jha
Influenza (sometimes referred to as "flu") is a contagious viral infection of the airways in the lungs that affects a significant portion of the world's population. Clinical symptoms of influenza virus infections can range widely, from severe pneumonia to moderate or even asymptomatic sickness. If left untreated, influenza can have more severe effects on the heart, brain, and lungs than on the respiratory tract and can necessitate hospitalization. This study was aimed to investigate and characterize all types of influenza cases prevailing in Nepal and to analyze seasonal occurrence of Influenza in Nepal in the year 2019...
May 7, 2024: Scientific Reports
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoyan Zheng, Shuai Na
A miniaturized photoacoustic fiberscope has been developed, featuring a lateral resolution of 9 microns and a lightweight design at 4.5 grams. Engineered to capture hemodynamic processes at single-blood-vessel resolution at a rate of 0.2 Hz, this device represents an advancement in head-mounted tools for exploring intricate brain activities in mobile animals.
May 7, 2024: Light, Science & Applications
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharof Khudayberdiev, Kerstin Weiss, Anika Heinze, Dalila Colombaretti, Nathan Trausch, Uwe Linne, Marco B Rust
Serum response factor (SRF) is an essential transcription factor for brain development and function. Here, we explored how an SRF cofactor, the actin monomer-sensing myocardin-related transcription factor MRTF, is regulated in mouse cortical neurons. We found that MRTF-dependent SRF activity in vitro and in vivo was repressed by cyclase-associated protein CAP1. Inactivation of the actin-binding protein CAP1 reduced the amount of actin monomers in the cytoplasm, which promoted nuclear MRTF translocation and MRTF-SRF activation...
May 7, 2024: Science Signaling
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel S Gross, Tanayott Thaweethai, Erika B Rosenzweig, James Chan, Lori B Chibnik, Mine S Cicek, Amy J Elliott, Valerie J Flaherman, Andrea S Foulkes, Margot Gage Witvliet, Richard Gallagher, Maria Laura Gennaro, Terry L Jernigan, Elizabeth W Karlson, Stuart D Katz, Patricia A Kinser, Lawrence C Kleinman, Michelle F Lamendola-Essel, Joshua D Milner, Sindhu Mohandas, Praveen C Mudumbi, Jane W Newburger, Kyung E Rhee, Amy L Salisbury, Jessica N Snowden, Cheryl R Stein, Melissa S Stockwell, Kelan G Tantisira, Moriah E Thomason, Dongngan T Truong, David Warburton, John C Wood, Shifa Ahmed, Almary Akerlundh, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Brett R Anderson, Judy L Aschner, Andrew M Atz, Robin L Aupperle, Fiona C Baker, Venkataraman Balaraman, Dithi Banerjee, Deanna M Barch, Arielle Baskin-Sommers, Sultana Bhuiyan, Marie-Abele C Bind, Amanda L Bogie, Tamara Bradford, Natalie C Buchbinder, Elliott Bueler, Hülya Bükülmez, B J Casey, Linda Chang, Maryanne Chrisant, Duncan B Clark, Rebecca G Clifton, Katharine N Clouser, Lesley Cottrell, Kelly Cowan, Viren D'Sa, Mirella Dapretto, Soham Dasgupta, Walter Dehority, Audrey Dionne, Kirsten B Dummer, Matthew D Elias, Shari Esquenazi-Karonika, Danielle N Evans, E Vincent S Faustino, Alexander G Fiks, Daniel Forsha, John J Foxe, Naomi P Friedman, Greta Fry, Sunanda Gaur, Dylan G Gee, Kevin M Gray, Stephanie Handler, Ashraf S Harahsheh, Keren Hasbani, Andrew C Heath, Camden Hebson, Mary M Heitzeg, Christina M Hester, Sophia Hill, Laura Hobart-Porter, Travis K F Hong, Carol R Horowitz, Daniel S Hsia, Matthew Huentelman, Kathy D Hummel, Katherine Irby, Joanna Jacobus, Vanessa L Jacoby, Pei-Ni Jone, David C Kaelber, Tyler J Kasmarcak, Matthew J Kluko, Jessica S Kosut, Angela R Laird, Jeremy Landeo-Gutierrez, Sean M Lang, Christine L Larson, Peter Paul C Lim, Krista M Lisdahl, Brian W McCrindle, Russell J McCulloh, Kimberly McHugh, Alan L Mendelsohn, Torri D Metz, Julie Miller, Elizabeth C Mitchell, Lerraughn M Morgan, Eva M Müller-Oehring, Erica R Nahin, Michael C Neale, Manette Ness-Cochinwala, Sheila M Nolan, Carlos R Oliveira, Onyekachukwu Osakwe, Matthew E Oster, R Mark Payne, Michael A Portman, Hengameh Raissy, Isabelle G Randall, Suchitra Rao, Harrison T Reeder, Johana M Rosas, Mark W Russell, Arash A Sabati, Yamuna Sanil, Alice I Sato, Michael S Schechter, Rangaraj Selvarangan, S Kristen Sexson Tejtel, Divya Shakti, Kavita Sharma, Lindsay M Squeglia, Shubika Srivastava, Michelle D Stevenson, Jacqueline Szmuszkovicz, Maria M Talavera-Barber, Ronald J Teufel, Deepika Thacker, Felicia Trachtenberg, Mmekom M Udosen, Megan R Warner, Sara E Watson, Alan Werzberger, Jordan C Weyer, Marion J Wood, H Shonna Yin, William T Zempsky, Emily Zimmerman, Benard P Dreyer
IMPORTANCE: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults. OBSERVATIONS: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative...
2024: PloS One
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Utreshwar Arjun Gavhane, Dheeraj Chandra Joshi, Manickam Jayakannan
We report size- and shape-controlled polymer brushes based on l-amino acid bioresource and study the role of polymer topology on the enzymatic biodegradation and deep-tissue penetration under in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, l-tyrosine-based propargyl-functionalized monomer is tailor-made and polymerized via solvent-free melt polycondensation strategy to yield hydrophobic and clickable biodegradable poly(ester-urethane)s. Postpolymerization click chemistry strategy is applied to make well-defined amphiphilic one-dimensional rodlike and three-dimensional spherical polymer brushes by merely varying the lengths of PEG-azides in the reaction...
May 7, 2024: Biomacromolecules
#29
REVIEW
Zubina Khan, Majumi M Noohu, Sarah Parveen, Maria Usmani, Fayaz Khan, Mashael Ghazi Alsobhi, Md Dilshad Manzar, Chhavi Arora Sehgal
BACKGROUND: This review aimed to explore the effect of mirror therapy (MT) on upper limb function in children and adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). METHODS: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science were systematically searched. PEDro scale was used for the quality assessment of included trials. Risk of Bias assessment was done using Cochrane Risk-of-bias tool version 2. Meta-analysis was performed on four of the seven studies included...
May 7, 2024: Developmental Neurorehabilitation
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Geoffroy Delamare, Yosif Zaki, Denise J Cai, Claudia Clopath
Representational drift refers to the dynamic nature of neural representations in the brain despite the behavior being seemingly stable. Although drift has been observed in many different brain regions, the mechanisms underlying it are not known. Since intrinsic neural excitability is suggested to play a key role in regulating memory allocation, fluctuations of excitability could bias the reactivation of previously stored memory ensembles and therefore act as a motor for drift. Here, we propose a rate-based plastic recurrent neural network with slow fluctuations of intrinsic excitability...
May 7, 2024: ELife
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhi-Xiong Yan, Zhe He, Ling-Hui Jiang, Xia Zou
Age-related trajectories of intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC), which represent the interconnections between discrete regions of the human brain, for processes related to social cognition (SC) provide evidence for social development through neural imaging and can guide clinical interventions when such development is atypical. However, due to the lack of studies investigating brain development over a wide range of ages, the neural mechanisms of SC remain poorly understood, although considerable behavior-related evidence is available...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazushi Tsutsui, Ryoya Tanaka, Kazuya Takeda, Keisuke Fujii
Collaborative hunting, in which predators play different and complementary roles to capture prey, has been traditionally believed to be an advanced hunting strategy requiring large brains that involve high-level cognition. However, recent findings that collaborative hunting has also been documented in smaller-brained vertebrates have placed this previous belief under strain. Here, using computational multi-agent simulations based on deep reinforcement learning, we demonstrate that decisions underlying collaborative hunts do not necessarily rely on sophisticated cognitive processes...
May 7, 2024: ELife
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shi-Bo Xu, Xin-Rui Li, Pan Fan, Xiyang Li, Yuan Hong, Xiao Han, Shanshan Wu, Chu Chu, Yuejun Chen, Min Xu, Mingyan Lin, Xing Guo, Yan Liu
Human stem cells and derivatives transplantation are widely used to treat nervous system diseases, while the fate determination of transplanted cells is not well elucidated. To explore cell fate changes of human brain organoids before and after transplantation, human brain organoids are transplanted into prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP), respectively. Single-cell sequencing is then performed. According to time-series sample comparison, transplanted cells mainly undergo neural development at 2 months post-transplantation (MPT) and then glial development at 4MPT, respectively...
May 6, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zihao Hu, Jianbo Ye, Shenbao Shi, Chuangcai Luo, Tianwei Wang, Yang Liu, Jing'an Ye, Xinlin Sun, Yiquan Ke, Chongxian Hou
BACKGROUND: We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the potential association between maternal smoking, alcohol and caffeinated beverages consumption during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors (CBTs). METHODS: A thorough search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Internet to identify pertinent articles. Fixed or random effects model was applied to meta-analyze the data. RESULTS: The results suggested a borderline statistically significant increased risk of CBTs associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 1...
May 6, 2024: BMC Public Health
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoyu Wang, Katharina Zwosta, Julius Hennig, Ilka Böhm, Stefan Ehrlich, Uta Wolfensteller, Hannes Ruge
Prior evidence suggests that increasingly efficient task performance in human learning is associated with large scale brain network dynamics. However, the specific nature of this general relationship has remained unclear. Here, we characterize performance improvement during feedback-driven stimulus-response (S-R) learning by learning rate as well as S-R habit strength and test whether and how these two behavioral measures are associated with a functional brain state transition from a more integrated to a more segregated brain state across learning...
May 6, 2024: Communications Biology
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Zhen Li, Mengfan He, Danqing Dai, Xiaofei Gao, Huazheng Liang and Lize Xiong Exp. Anim. 73(1), 109-123, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1538/expanim.23-0065 In the original publication of the article, the Funding section was incomplete. The correct Funding information is provided below: Funding This work was supported by a grant from the Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology (201409003500), Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82293640, No. 82293643), Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No...
2024: Experimental Animals
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akash Ashokan, Shrita Sarkar, Mohammad Z Kamran, Bapurao Surnar, Akil A Kalathil, Alexis Spencer, Shanta Dhar
Brain metastasis of advanced breast cancer often results in deleterious consequences. Metastases to the brain lead to significant challenges in treatment options, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents conventional therapy. Thus, we hypothesized that creation of a nanoparticle (NP) that distributes to both primary tumor site and across the BBB for secondary brain tumor can be extremely beneficial. Here, we report a simple targeting strategy to attack both the primary breast and secondary brain tumors utilizing a single NP platform...
May 14, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie-Anne Goyette, Laura E Stevens, Carolyn R DePinho, Marco Seehawer, Jun Nishida, Zheqi Li, Callahan M Wilde, Rong Li, Xintao Qiu, Alanna L Pyke, Stephanie Zhao, Klothilda Lim, Gabrielle S Tender, Jason J Northey, Nicholas M Riley, Henry W Long, Carolyn R Bertozzi, Valerie M Weaver, Kornelia Polyak
Brain metastatic breast cancer is particularly lethal largely due to therapeutic resistance. Almost half of the patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer develop brain metastases, representing a major clinical challenge. We previously described that cancer-associated fibroblasts are an important source of resistance in primary tumors. Here, we report that breast cancer brain metastasis stromal cell interactions in 3D cocultures induce therapeutic resistance to HER2-targeting agents, particularly to the small molecule inhibitor of HER2/EGFR neratinib...
May 14, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole Rigney, Elba Campos-Lira, Matthew K Kirchner, Wei Wei, Selma Belkasim, Rachael Beaumont, Sumeet Singh, Sara Guedez Suarez, Delenn Hartswick, Javier E Stern, Geert J de Vries, Aras Petrulis
One of the largest sex differences in brain neurochemistry is the expression of the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) within the vertebrate brain, with males having more AVP cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) than females. Despite the long-standing implication of AVP in social and anxiety-like behaviors, the circuitry underlying AVP's control of these behaviors is still not well defined. Using optogenetic approaches, we show that inhibiting AVP BNST cells reduces social investigation in males, but not in females, whereas stimulating these cells increases social investigation in both sexes, but more so in males...
May 14, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pål Kvello
Understanding the nervous system is an important but perhaps ambitious goal, particularly for students in lower secondary education. It is important because of its' direct role in both mental and physical health, and it is ambitious because instruction focuses on the human nervous system, which is extremely complex, and subject to numerous misconceptions. Despite its' complexity, the science curricula, both nationally and internationally, emphasize an understanding of the system, and not just knowledge of isolated facts...
2024: PloS One
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