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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinjuta Panumasvivat, Ratana Sapbamrer, Nalin Sittitoon, Supakit Khacha-Ananda, Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl, Wachiranun Sirikul, Wittawat Insian, Pheerasak Assavanopakun
Chiang Mai encounters severe pollution during the wildfire season. Wildland firefighters encounter various hazards while engaged in fire suppression operations, which encompass significant exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants resulting from combustion, especially particulate matter. The adverse effects of wildfire smoke on respiratory health are a significant concern. The objective of this study was to examine the potential adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure on the respiratory function and DNA damage of wildland firefighters...
April 4, 2024: Scientific Reports
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmed Weheba, Anne Vertigan, Abeer Abdelsayad, Susan M Tarlo
Wildfires, including forest fires, bushfires, and landscape fires, have become increasingly prevalent, fueled by climate change and environmental factors, posing significant challenges to both ecosystems and public health. This review article examines the relationship between wildfires and respiratory diseases in outdoor workers, with a main focus on airway disease. In addition to the expected effects of direct thermal respiratory injuries, and possible carbon monoxide poisoning, there are associations between wildfires and upper and lower respiratory effects including infections, as well as exacerbations of asthma and COPD...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicolas Borchers-Arriagada, Paulina Schulz-Antipa, Mariana Conte-Grand
Recent years have seen a rise in wildfire and extreme weather activity across the globe, which is projected to keep increasing with climate-induced conditions. Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) concentration, is heavily affected by PM2.5 emissions from wildfire activity. Paraguay has been historically suffering from fires, with an average of 2.3 million hectares burnt per year during the 2003-2021 period. Annual PM2.5 concentration in Paraguay is 13.2 μg/m3 , more than double the recommended by the WHO...
March 4, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leda N Kobziar, Phinehas Lampman, Ali Tohidi, Adam K Kochanski, Antonio Cervantes, Andrew T Hudak, Ryan McCarley, Brian Gullett, Johanna Aurell, Rachel Moore, David C Vuono, Brent C Christner, Adam C Watts, James Cronan, Roger Ottmar
Wildland fire is a major global driver in the exchange of aerosols between terrestrial environments and the atmosphere. This exchange is commonly quantified using emission factors or the mass of a pollutant emitted per mass of fuel burned. However, emission factors for microbes aerosolized by fire have yet to be determined. Using bacterial cell concentrations collected on unmanned aircraft systems over forest fires in Utah, USA, we determine bacterial emission factors (BEFs) for the first time. We estimate that 1...
January 24, 2024: Environmental Science & Technology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Wei, Jun Wang, Zhanqing Li, Shobha Kondragunta, Susan Anenberg, Yi Wang, Huanxin Zhang, David Diner, Jenny Hand, Alexei Lyapustin, Ralph Kahn, Peter Colarco, Arlindo da Silva, Charles Ichoku
BACKGROUND: Long-term improvements in air quality and public health in the continental USA were disrupted over the past decade by increased fire emissions that potentially offset the decrease in anthropogenic emissions. This study aims to estimate trends in black carbon and PM2·5 concentrations and their attributable mortality burden across the USA. METHODS: In this study, we derived daily concentrations of PM2·5 and its highly toxic black carbon component at a 1-km resolution in the USA from 2000 to 2020 via deep learning that integrated big data from satellites, models, and surface observations...
December 2023: Lancet. Planetary Health
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Effects of forest fire smoke deposition on soil physico-chemical properties and bacterial community.
Zhongpan Zhu, Yuanfan Ma, Mulualem Tigabu, Guangyu Wang, Zhigang Yi, Futao Guo
The number of forest fires has increased globally, together with considerable smoke emission that significantly impacts the atmospheric environment and associated ecosystems. Most current studies have focused on the in situ effects of fire on the forest ecosystem. However, the mechanisms by which smoke particles affect adjacent ecosystems are largely unexplored. In this study, a simulated forest fire combustion system was developed to evaluate the effect of different smoke concentrations (control, low and high) on soil physico-chemical properties of adjacent farmland at two soil depths...
November 14, 2023: Science of the Total Environment
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael A Storey, Owen F Price, Paul Fox-Hughes
Particulate pollution from forest fire smoke threatens the health of communities by increasing the occurrence of respiratory illnesses. Wind drives both fire behaviour and smoke dispersal. Understanding regional wind patterns would assist in effectively managing smoke risk. Sydney, Australia is prone to smoke pollution because it has a large population close to fire-prone eucalypt forests. Here we use the self-organising maps (SOM) technique to identify sixteen unique wind classes for the Sydney region from days with active fires, including identifying sea breeze occurrence...
September 23, 2023: Science of the Total Environment
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Blanca Rios, Yanet Díaz-Esteban, Graciela B Raga
Smoke emissions from biomass burning considerably influence regional and local air quality. Many natural wildfires and agricultural burns occur annually in Central Mexico during the hot, dry season (March to May), potentially leading to air quality problems. Nevertheless, the impact of these biomass burning emissions on Mexico City's air quality has not been investigated in depth. This study examines a severely deteriorated air quality case from 11 to 16 May 2019, during which fine particle concentrations (PM2...
September 11, 2023: Science of the Total Environment
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wendy M Erb, Elizabeth J Barrow, Alexandra N Hofner, Jessica L Lecorchick, Tatang Mitra Setia, Erin R Vogel
Tropical peatlands are the sites of Earth's largest fire events, with outsized contributions to greenhouse gases, toxic smoke, and haze rich with particulate matter. The human health risks from wildfire smoke are well known, but its effects on wildlife inhabiting these ecosystems are poorly understood. In 2015, peatland fires on Borneo created a thick haze of smoke that blanketed the region. We studied its effects on the long call vocalizations of four adult male Bornean orangutans ( Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii ) in a peat swamp forest...
July 21, 2023: IScience
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brent C Ruby, Robert H Coker, Joe Sol, John Quindry, Scott J Montain
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are inserted as the front-line defense to minimize loss of natural resources, property, and human life when fires erupt in forested regions of the world. The WLFF occupation is physically demanding as exemplified by total daily energy expenditures that can exceed 25 MJ/day (6000 calories). WLFFs must also cope with complex physical and environmental situations (i.e., heat, altitude, smoke, compromised sleep, elevated stress) which challenge thermoregulatory responses, impair recovery, and increase short- and long-term injury/health risks while presenting logistical obstacles to nutrient and fluid replenishment...
March 30, 2023: Comprehensive Physiology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linn E Moore, Andre Oliveira, Raymond Zhang, Laleh Behjat, Anne Hicks
Wildfires are increasing yearly in number and severity as a part of the evolving climate crisis. These fires are a significant source of air pollution, a common driver of flares in cardiorespiratory disease, including asthma, which is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Poorly controlled asthma leads to significant societal costs through morbidity, mortality, lost school and work time and healthcare utilization. This retrospective cohort study set in Calgary, Canada evaluates the relationship between asthma exacerbations during wildfire smoke events and equivalent low-pollution periods in a pediatric asthma population...
January 20, 2023: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamish Clarke, Rachael H Nolan, Victor Resco De Dios, Ross Bradstock, Anne Griebel, Shiva Khanal, Matthias M Boer
Levels of fire activity and severity that are unprecedented in the instrumental record have recently been observed in forested regions around the world. Using a large sample of daily fire events and hourly climate data, here we show that fire activity in all global forest biomes responds strongly and predictably to exceedance of thresholds in atmospheric water demand, as measured by maximum daily vapour pressure deficit. The climatology of vapour pressure deficit can therefore be reliably used to predict forest fire risk under projected future climates...
November 22, 2022: Nature Communications
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Anthony Storey, Owen F Price
Smoke from Hazard Reduction Burns (HRBs) and wildfires contains pollutants that are harmful to human health. This includes particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), which affects human cardiovascular and respiratory systems and can lead to increased hospitalisations and premature deaths. Better models are needed to predict PM2.5 levels associated with HRBs so that agencies can properly assess smoke pollution risk and balance smoke risk with the wildfire mitigation benefits of HRBs. Given this need, our aim was to develop a probabilistic model of daily PM2...
2022: PloS One
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naman Paul, Jiayun Yao, Kathleen E McLean, David M Stieb, Sarah B Henderson
Exposure to biomass smoke has been associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health outcomes. Over the past decades, the frequency and intensity of wildfires has increased in many areas, resulting in longer smoke episodes with higher concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ). There are also many communities where seasonal open burning and residential wood heating have short- and long-term impacts on ambient air quality. Understanding the acute and chronic health effects of biomass smoke exposure requires reliable estimates of PM2...
August 15, 2022: Science of the Total Environment
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chelsea E Stockwell, Megan M Bela, Matthew M Coggon, Georgios I Gkatzelis, Elizabeth Wiggins, Emily M Gargulinski, Taylor Shingler, Marta Fenn, Debora Griffin, Christopher D Holmes, Xinxin Ye, Pablo E Saide, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Caroline C Womack, Rebecca A Washenfelder, Patrick R Veres, J Andrew Neuman, Jessica B Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Rebecca H Schwantes, Stuart A McKeen, Armin Wisthaler, Felix Piel, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L Jimenez, Alan Fried, Thomas F Hanisco, Lewis Gregory Huey, Anne Perring, Joseph M Katich, Glenn S Diskin, John B Nowak, T Paul Bui, Hannah S Halliday, Joshua P DiGangi, Gabriel Pereira, Eric P James, Ravan Ahmadov, Chris A McLinden, Amber J Soja, Richard H Moore, Johnathan W Hair, Carsten Warneke
Carbonaceous emissions from wildfires are a dynamic mixture of gases and particles that have important impacts on air quality and climate. Emissions that feed atmospheric models are estimated using burned area and fire radiative power (FRP) methods that rely on satellite products. These approaches show wide variability and have large uncertainties, and their accuracy is challenging to evaluate due to limited aircraft and ground measurements. Here, we present a novel method to estimate fire plume-integrated total carbon and speciated emission rates using a unique combination of lidar remote sensing aerosol extinction profiles and in situ measured carbon constituents...
June 21, 2022: Environmental Science & Technology
#16
REVIEW
Savannah M D'Evelyn, Jihoon Jung, Ernesto Alvarado, Jill Baumgartner, Pete Caligiuri, R Keala Hagmann, Sarah B Henderson, Paul F Hessburg, Sean Hopkins, Edward J Kasner, Meg A Krawchuk, Jennifer E Krenz, Jamie M Lydersen, Miriam E Marlier, Yuta J Masuda, Kerry Metlen, Gillian Mittelstaedt, Susan J Prichard, Claire L Schollaert, Edward B Smith, Jens T Stevens, Christopher W Tessum, Carolyn Reeb-Whitaker, Joseph L Wilkins, Nicholas H Wolff, Leah M Wood, Ryan D Haugo, June T Spector
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increasing wildfire size and severity across the western United States has created an environmental and social crisis that must be approached from a transdisciplinary perspective. Climate change and more than a century of fire exclusion and wildfire suppression have led to contemporary wildfires with more severe environmental impacts and human smoke exposure. Wildfires increase smoke exposure for broad swaths of the US population, though outdoor workers and socially disadvantaged groups with limited adaptive capacity can be disproportionally exposed...
May 7, 2022: Current Environmental Health Reports
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher Zuidema, Elena Austin, Martin A Cohen, Edward Kasner, Lilian Liu, Tania Busch Isaksen, Ken-Yu Lin, June Spector, Edmund Seto
Driven by climate change, wildfires are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity across the Western United States. Outdoor workers are being exposed to increasing wildfire-related particulate matter and smoke. Recognizing this emerging risk, Washington adopted an emergency rule and is presently engaged in creating a permanent rule to protect outdoor workers from wildfire smoke exposure. While there are growing bodies of literature on the exposure to and health effects of wildfire smoke in the general public and wildland firefighters, there is a gap in knowledge about wildfire smoke exposure among outdoor workers generally and construction workers specifically-a large category of outdoor workers in Washington totaling 200,000 people...
December 22, 2021: Annals of Work Exposures and Health
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesca Pierobon, Cody Sifford, Hemalatha Velappan, Indroneil Ganguly
In the Western U.S., the prescribed burning of woody biomass in forests, mainly harvest slash, is the prevailing practice for in-woods fuel reduction and wildfire mitigation. Though these prescribed burns play an essential role in mitigating the wildfire risks, the resultant emission is a major air pollutants source that adversely affects air quality, negatively impacting human health. With an increased need for fire hazard reduction thinning, coupled with shrinking regional demand for lower quality biomass (pulpwood, hog-fuel, etc...
November 16, 2021: Science of the Total Environment
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olivier Masson, Oleksandr Romanenko, Olivier Saunier, Serhii Kirieiev, Valentin Protsak, Gennady Laptev, Oleg Voitsekhovych, Vanessa Durand, Frédéric Coppin, Georg Steinhauser, Anne de Vismes Ott, Philippe Renaud, Damien Didier, Béatrice Boulet, Maxime Morin, Miroslav Hýža, Johan Camps, Olga Belyaeva, Axel Dalheimer, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Catalina Gascó-Leonarte, Alexandra Ioannidou, Krzysztof Isajenko, Tero Karhunen, Johan Kastlander, Christian Katzlberger, Renata Kierepko, Gert-Jan Knetsch, Júlia Kövendiné Kónyi, Jerzy Wojciech Mietelski, Michael Mirsch, Bredo Møller, Jelena Krneta Nikolić, Pavel Peter Povinec, Rosella Rusconi, Vladimir Samsonov, Ivan Sýkora, Elena Simion, Philipp Steinmann, Stylianos Stoulos, José Antonio Suarez-Navarro, Herbert Wershofen, Daniel Zapata-García, Benjamin Zorko
From early April 2020, wildfires raged in the highly contaminated areas around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (CNPP), Ukraine. For about 4 weeks, the fires spread around and into the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) and came within a few kilometers of both the CNPP and radioactive waste storage facilities. Wildfires occurred on several occasions throughout the month of April. They were extinguished, but weather conditions and the spread of fires by airborne embers and smoldering fires led to new fires starting at different locations of the CEZ...
September 29, 2021: Environmental Science & Technology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle C Kondo, Colleen E Reid, Warren E Heilman, Miranda H Mockrin, David Long
Prescribed fire is an increasingly important tool in restoring ecological conditions and reducing uncontrolled wildfire. Prescribed burn techniques could reduce public health impacts associated with wildfire smoke exposure. However, there have been few assessments of the health impacts of prescribed burning, and potential vulnerabilities among populations exposed to smoke from prescribed fires. Our study area focused on counties in and near U.S. National Forests - a set of lands distributed across the U.S. In county-level analyses, we compared the sociodemographic and health characteristics of areas that were exposed with those that were not exposed to prescribe burns during the years 2010-2019 on a national level and within three regions...
September 25, 2021: Science of the Total Environment
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