ultra distance running

INTRODUCTION: Endurance exercise at altitude can increase cardiac output and pulmonary vascular pressure to levels that may exceed the stress-tolerability of the alveolar-capillary unit. This study examined the effect of ultra-marathon trail racing at different altitudes (ranging from <1000 m to between 1500 - 2700 m) on alveolar-capillary recruitment and lung diffusion. METHODS: Cardiac and lung function were examined before and after an ultra-marathon in 67 runners (age:41 ± 9y, BMI:23 ± 2 kg/m2, 10 females), and following 12-24 h of recovery in a subset (n = 27)...

Background and Objectives : Pacing analyses for increasingly popular long-distance running disciplines have been in researchers' spotlight for several years. In particular, assessing pacing variability in long-distance running was hardly achievable since runners must repeat long-running trials for several days. Potential solutions for these problems could be multi-stage long-distance running disciplines. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the long-distance running variability as well as the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the variables often used for pacing analyses...

In this study the Non-Linear Ultrasonic Sideband Peak Count-Index (SPC-I) technique is used as the foundation for anovel approach towards acoustic source localization (ASL) in orthotropic composite plates. The SPC-I based technique proposed here does not require the signal attenuation information or any knowledge on the time of arrival of the signal. It should be noted that since individual sensors can have varying sensitivities, the signal attenuation measured from the recorded signal amplitude is not very reliable...

OBJECTIVES: Determine and compare the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and injury severity among race entrants training towards different ultra-trail race distances. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: The six months training period before the 2022 Mac Ultra races (46 km, 80 km, 161 km and 322 km). PARTICIPANTS: Of the 245 race entrants, 162 (66% of Mac ultra-trail runners) consented to analyse their data...

Few studies were developed to understand the relationship between running characteristics and motivation. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between running event history, running experience, and best race performances in recreational distance runners. We used a web survey to obtain information regarding running experience, racing history, and periodization training routines/exercise habits, including weekly volumes and daily mileage and duration across periods and conditions. Associations between variables were conducted with the Chi-square test (χ2 ; nominal scale) and Wilcoxon test...

A key goal of molecular modeling is the accurate reproduction of the true quantum mechanical potential energy of arbitrary molecular ensembles with a tractable classical approximation. The challenges are that analytical expressions found in general purpose force fields struggle to faithfully represent the intermolecular quantum potential energy surface at close distances and in strong interaction regimes; that the more accurate neural network approximations do not capture crucial physics concepts, e.g., nonadditive inductive contributions and application of electric fields; and that the ultra-accurate narrowly targeted models have difficulty generalizing to the entire chemical space...

BACKGROUND: The foot and ankle play a critical role in ultramarathon running. Because foot and ankle injuries are the most common location of injury in this group, proper care is essential for prevention. In this sport, small issues can become big problems over such long distances, and understanding the preventative measures taken by ultramarathon runners may provide insight for other athletes looking to avoid similar problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the routine and preventative care of the foot and ankle, as well as injury rates, in this group of high-risk athletes...

Ultra-endurance running (UER) poses extreme mental and physical challenges that present many barriers to completion, let alone performance. Despite these challenges, participation in UER events continues to increase. With the relative paucity of research into UER training and racing compared with traditional endurance running distance (e.g., marathon), it follows that there are sizable improvements still to be made in UER if the limitations of the sport are sufficiently understood. The purpose of this review is to summarise our current understanding of the major limitations in UER...

BACKGROUND: The sex difference in the three split disciplines (swimming, cycling, and running) and overall race times in triathlon races has mainly been investigated for the Olympic distance and IRONMAN® triathlon formats, but not for the half IRONMAN® distance, i.e., the IRONMAN® 70.3. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sex differences in IRONMAN® 70.3 by age group in 5-year intervals for the split disciplines of this race. Data from 823,459 records (625,393 males and 198,066 females) of all age group finishers (in 5-year intervals) competing in all official IRONMAN® 70...

Recent studies showed that female runners reduced the performance gap to male runners in endurance running with increasing age and race distance. However, the investigated samples were generally small. To investigate this further, the present study examined sex differences by age across various race distances (5, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, and ultra-marathon) using a large dataset of over 1,100,000 race records from Switzerland over two decades (1999-2019). The study explored performance and participation disparities between male and female runners by employing diverse methods, such as descriptive statistics, histograms, scatter and line plots, correlations, and a predictive machine learning model...

INTRODUCTION: Sedentary lifestyles have reached epidemic proportions world-wide. A growing body of literature suggests that exposures to adverse experiences (e.g., psychological traumas) are a significant risk factor for the development of physically inactive lifestyles. However, the biological mechanisms linking prior stress exposure and persistent deficits in physical activity engagement remains poorly understood. METHODS: The purpose of this study was twofold...

BACKGROUND: Marathon running is an extreme sport with a distance of about 42 kilometers. Its relationship to high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: As the gold standard for detecting myocardial injury, the trends of hs-cTn before and after a marathon were investigated and analyzed. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases by combing the keywords marathon and troponin, and studies regarding high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations before and after marathon running (not for half-marathon and ultra-marathon) were included...

The potential running or endurance performance difference based on following different general types of diets, such as omnivorous, vegetarian, or vegan, remains questionable. Several underlying modifiable factors of long-distance running performance, especially runner training behaviors and experience, diminish the clarity of results when analyzing dietary subgroups. Based on the cross-sectional design (survey), the NURMI Study Step 2 aimed to investigate a plethora of training behaviors among recreational long-distance running athletes and the relationship of general diet types with best time race performance...

The current evidence suggests that pacing may not be affected by performance level or sex in trail-running races as may occur in road running races. However, the previous studies included races of >100 km. Therefore, we aimed to verify the influence of performance level and sex on pacing in the last four (2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021) editions of a shorter (56.3 km) ultra-trail running race (i.e., Orsières-Champex-Chamonix; OCC® ) that maintained the same race profile. The mean finishing time for the 5656 participants was 10 h 20 min 33 s ± 2 h 01 min 19 s...

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of people living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are pushing their physical limits to compete at the sport's highest level. Muscle, liver, and glycogen metabolism can be normal in athletes with diabetes with good glucose management, and modifications to insulin dose and nutrition can facilitate exercise performance. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a 66-year-old runner with insulin-dependent T1DM. He has run over 90 marathons and ultra-marathons...

Physical training for ultra-endurance running provides physiological adaptations for exercise-induced substrate oxidation. We examined the effects of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract on running-induced metabolic and physiological responses in a male amateur ultra-endurance runner (age: 40 years, body mass: 65.9 kg, BMI: 23.1 kg·m-2 , body fat: 14.7%, V˙O2max : 55.3 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 , resting heart rate: 45 beats·min-1 , running history: 6 years, marathons: 20, ultra-marathons: 28, weekly training distance: ~80 km, weekly running time: ~9 h)...

Serrano, C, Felipe, JL, García-Unanue, J, Vicente Gimenez, J, Jiménez-Linares, L, Ibáñez, E, Hernando, E, Gallardo, L, and Sánchez-Sánchez, J. Modeling dynamical positional physical data on field zones occupied by playing positions in elite-level futsal: a comparison between running velocities, acceleration, and deceleration. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 200-206, 2023-The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of playing positions on the physical demands and the specific court zones occupied during official futsal games...

Training for running events is fundamental for successful participation in various running events such as 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, or ultra-marathon distances. Training behaviors are likely based on runner motivations and social constraints, particularly for females. Participants completed a questionnaire following a cross-sectional approach, including questions on sociodemographics, general training behaviors, and periodization training strategies. The final sample included 245 participants (141 females, 104 males), mostly from Germany (72%), Austria (18%), and Switzerland (5%), with a median age of 39 years (IQR 17) and a BMI of 21...

Long-distance running has become increasingly popular. Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise are relevant to the specific sports and this is also the case in long-distance running. Significant changes regarding inflammatory and endothelial markers along with indices of oxidative stress are observed in marathon and ultra-marathon runners. However, data linking inflammatory marker levels with cardiovascular adaptations to marathon running are limited. The aim of the present study was to describe the cardiovascular adaptations observed in a group of ultra-marathon runners and the association with a series of inflammatory and endothelial markers measured in their plasma...

This study aims to investigate vegetarian and mixed diet type prevalences among distance runners at running events around the world and associations with running-related patterns and performance. Following a cross-sectional approach, linear regression analyses were carried out to identify potential associations among body mass index (BMI), diet type, and average best performance times of half-marathon and marathon events for males and females. From a sample of 3835 runners who completed an online questionnaire, 2864 all-distance runners (age: 37 years; 57% females) were included in inferential analyses and categorized into dietary subgroups according to self-reports: 994 vegans (34...