Coronary coregistration

OBJECTIVE: To validate optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for assessment of vascular healing in a preclinical animal model and human autopsy cases and to translate the findings to the assessment of vascular healing after drug-eluting stent implantation in clinical practice. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Drug-eluting and bare metal stents were imaged 28 and 42 days after implantation in atherosclerotic rabbits using OCT and simultaneously evaluated by histology. After coregistration with histology, gray-scale signal intensity (GSI) was measured for identified mature or immature neointimal tissue...

UNLABELLED: Glucagonlike peptide (GLP-1) and its receptor (GLP-1R) exhibit cardioprotective effects after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) in both animal studies and clinical trials. However, the kinetics of GLP-1R expression in the infarcted/ischemic myocardium has not yet been explored. The purpose of this study was to monitor the presence and time course of regional myocardial GLP-1R expression after MI/R with noninvasive PET. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 45-min transient left coronary artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion...

18F-FDG PET is a new noninvasive tool for inflammation functional imaging. Low spatial resolution is now compensated by coregistration with CT or MRI. New mechanistic insights have emerged from animal and histology to explain the obtained signals by hypoxia, macrophage infiltration, and differentiation. Mixed results have been found in biomarkers studies. Interesting data have come recently linking plaque anatomy and function in carotids and in aortic aneurysms as well as inflammation and events. In coronary arteries, plaque assessment is still hampered by myocardium uptake but developments are being made...

AIMS: Previous studies have used semi-automated approaches for coronary plaque quantification on multi-detector row computed tomography (CT), while an automated quantitative approach using a dedicated registration algorithm is currently lacking. Accordingly, the study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of automated coronary plaque quantification on cardiac CT using dedicated software with a novel 3D coregistration algorithm of CT and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data sets...

For decades, the identification of significant luminal narrowing has been the hallmark to characterize the presence and extent of coronary artery disease. However, it is now known that characterizations of systemic atherosclerosis burden and inflammation, as well as the local quality of plaque composition and morphology, allow better characterization of coronary artery disease and thus may allow improved prediction of adverse cardiovascular events. Plaque characterized histologically as a thin-cap fibroatheroma (ie, an atheroma with a thin fibrous cap, an underlying lipid-rich necrotic core, and inflammatory activity) has been recognized as representing vulnerable or high-risk plaque...

PURPOSE: Voluntary deep inhalation breath hold (VDIBH) reduces heart dose during left breast irradiation. We present results of the first study performed to quantify reproducibility of breath hold using bony anatomy, heart position, and heart dose for VDIBH patients at treatment table. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 10 left breast cancer patients undergoing VDIBH whole-breast irradiation were analyzed. Two computed tomography (CT) scans, free breathing (FB) and VDIBH, were acquired to compare dose to critical structures...

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the accuracy of 3-dimensional, quantitative measurements of coronary plaque by computed tomography angiography (CTA) against intravascular ultrasound with radiofrequency backscatter analysis (IVUS/VH). BACKGROUND: Quantitative, 3-dimensional coronary CTA plaque measurements have not been validated against IVUS/VH. METHODS: Sixty patients in a prospective study underwent coronary X-ray angiography, IVUS/VH, and coronary CTA...

PURPOSE: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is a high-resolution three-dimensional imaging technique for the evaluation of coronary arteries in suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD). Coregistration of serial CCTA scans would allow precise superimposition of images obtained at two different points in time, which could aid in recognition of subtle changes and precise monitoring of coronary plaque progression or regression. To this end, the authors aimed at developing a fully automatic nonlinear volume coregistration for longitudinal CCTA scan pairs...

UNLABELLED: Sequential testing by coronary CT angiography (CTA) and myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) obtained on stand-alone scanners may be needed to diagnose coronary artery disease in equivocal cases. We have developed an automated technique for MPS-CTA registration and demonstrate its utility for improved MPS quantification by guiding the coregistered physiologic (MPS) with anatomic CTA information. METHODS: Automated registration of MPS left ventricular (LV) surfaces with CTA coronary trees was accomplished by iterative minimization of voxel differences between presegmented CTA volumes and motion-frozen MPS data...

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without additional contrast agents can be performed by directly integrating multislice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) within the magnetic navigation system (MNS). BACKGROUND: Increasingly, CTCA is being used in the diagnostic work-up of patients with coronary disease. Its inherent 3-dimensional information should be exploited, as it potentially offers advantages over 2-dimensional radiography in guiding invasive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions...

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for preoperative targeting of a proper recipient artery in superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. METHODS: Six operations for superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in four patients with moyamoya disease or moyamoya-like disease and two operations in two patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular occlusive disease accompanied by coronary artery stenosis were performed using our method...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Clinical decision-making in coronary artery disease requires integrated information on myocardial viability and coronary arteries, and cross-modality registration could facilitate this process. The recent emergence of hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) allows acquisition of this information in one study session; however, clinically useful software capable of presenting three-dimensional (3D) fused images to assess the relationship between myocardium and coronary arteries is limited...

UNLABELLED: Cardiac PET/CT is optimized by cine CT with dedicated shift software for manual correction of attenuation-emission misregistration. Separate rest and stress CT scans incur greater radiation dose to patients than does standard helical PET/CT or "pure" PET using rotating rod attenuation sources. To reduce radiation dose, we tested quantitative accuracy of using a single poststress cine CT attenuation scan for reconstructing rest perfusion images to eliminate resting CT attenuation scans...

UNLABELLED: Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to left ventricular (LV) remodeling, which leads to the activation of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the kinetics of a growth factor's receptor expression, such as VEGF, in the living subject has not yet been described. We have developed a PET tracer (64Cu-DOTA-VEGF121 [DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazadodecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid]) to image VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression after MI in the living subject...

UNLABELLED: Cardiac PET combined with CT is rapidly expanding despite artifactual defects and false-positive results due to misregistration of PET and CT attenuation correction data-the frequency, cause, and correction of which remain undetermined. METHODS: Two hundred fifty-nine consecutive patients underwent diagnostic rest-dipyridamole myocardial perfusion PET/CT using (82)Rb, a 16-slice PET/CT scanner, helical CT attenuation correction with breathing and also at end-expiratory breath-hold, and averaged cine CT data during breathing...

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for preoperative targeting of a proper recipient artery in superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. METHODS: Six operations for superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in four patients with moyamoya disease or moyamoya-like disease and two operations in two patients with atherosclerotic cerebrovascular occlusive disease accompanied by coronary artery stenosis were performed using our method...

PURPOSE: To evaluate assignment of left ventricular (LV) myocardial segments to coronary arterial territories by using coregistered magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) displays; to assess the accuracy of coregistered displays in determining the distribution of clinically important coronary artery disease (CAD) and regional effect of CAD on LV myocardium in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD); and to determine the utility of coregistered displays in optimizing surgical revascularization planning...

The microstructural basis for the mechanical properties of blood vessels has not been directly determined because of the lack of a nondestructive method that yields a three-dimensional view of these vascular wall constituents. Here, we demonstrate that multiphoton microscopy can be used to visualize the microstructural basis of blood vessel mechanical properties, by combining mechanical testing (distension) of excised porcine coronary arteries with simultaneous two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation microscopy...

UNLABELLED: Misregistration between attenuation and emission images causes artifactual abnormalities on cardiac PET images that result in false-positive defects. This study determines the frequency and mechanisms of misregistration artifacts, identifies their predictors, and validates a method for their routine clinical identification, prevention, or correction. METHODS: We performed 1177 consecutive diagnostic myocardial perfusion PET studies using 1 of 3 protocols: (a)...