aeromonas

Thousands of Scottish wild fish were screened for pathogens by Marine Scotland Science. A systematic review of published and unpublished data on six key pathogens (Renibacterium salmoninarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, IPNV, ISAV, SAV and VHSV) found in Scottish wild and farmed fish was undertaken. Despite many reported cases in farmed fish, there was a limited number of positive samples from Scottish wild fish, however, there was evidence for interactions between wild and farmed fish. A slightly elevated IPNV prevalence was reported in wild marine fish caught close to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L...

17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) has become a growing concern due to its wide detection and high estrogenic potency. However, biodegradation of EE2 with individual microorganisms demonstrated poor degradation efficiency ranging from 10.3% to 45.8% in 120h. Now, a system combining electrochemical with biological degradation was tested for its ability to remove EE2 from aqueous solution. EE2 removal is promoted at high dissolved oxygen concentrations and low pH when electrochemical methods alone are employed. Coupling electrochemical methods with anaerobic bacteria can improve the EE2 removal after 90min to as much as 81...

The objective was to analyse the antibacterial ability of members of the intestinal microbiota of Oncorhynchus mykiss specimens on several bacterial target strains that contaminate food and cause disease in humans. Bacterial colonies from an intestinal portion of the 20 specimens of O. mykiss were obtained in different culture media. Several of the colonies showed antibacterial action on different target strains. The bacterial species with the highest antagonistic capacity were Hafnia alvei and Lactococcus lactis and the more susceptible target strains were Aeromonas hydrophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli...

Alterations in intracellular-calcium (Ca(2+))i homeostasis is critical to Aeromonas hydrophila-induced headkidney macrophages (HKM) apoptosis of Clarias gariepinus, though the implications are poorly understood. Here, we describe the role of intermediate molecules of Ca(2+-)signaling pathway that are involved in HKM apoptosis. We observed phosphoinositide-3-kinase/phospholipase C is critical for (Ca(2+))i release in infected HKM. Heightened protein kinase-C (PKC) activity and phosphorylation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 was noted which declined in presence of 2-APB, Go6976 and PD98059, inhibitors to IP3-receptor, conventional PKC isoforms (cPKC) and MEK1/2 respectively implicating Ca(2+)/cPKC/MEK-ERK1/2 axis imperative in A...

Enrofloxacin is the most commonly used antibiotic to control diseases in aquatic animals caused by A. hydrophila. This study conducted de novo transcriptome sequencing and compared the global transcriptomes of enrofloxacin-resistant and enrofloxacin-susceptible strains. We got a total of 4,714 unigenes were assembled. Of these, 4,122 were annotated. A total of 3,280 unigenes were assigned to GO, 3,388 unigenes were classified into Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) using BLAST and BLAST2GO software, and 2,568 were mapped onto pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes Pathway database...

Brown seaweed Anthophycus longifolius (Turner) Kützing (family Sargassaceae) associated heterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis MTCC 10403 was found to be a potent isolate with broad range of antibacterial activity against important perceptive food pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. This bacterium was positive for polyketide synthetase gene (KC589397), and therefore, was selected to bioprospect specialized metabolites bearing polyketide backbone. Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the seaweed-associated bacterium segregated four homologous polyketide furanoterpenoids with potential antibacterial activities against clinically important pathogens...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, saprophytic bacteria have been emerging as potential human pathogens causing life-threatening infections in patients with malignancies. However, evidence is lacking concerning such bacteria, particularly in sub-Saharan countries. This study was designed to determine the spectrum and drug resistance profile of the rare bacterial pathogens causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in febrile cancer patients at a referral hospital in Ethiopia. METHODS: Between December 2011 and June 2012, blood samples were collected from 107 patients with cancer in Tikur Anbessa hospital...

BACKGROUND: Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a ubiquitous psychrophilic waterborne bacterium and a fish pathogen. The numerous mobile elements, especially insertion sequences (IS), in its genome promote rearrangements that impact its phenotype. One of the main virulence factors of this bacterium, its type three secretion system (TTSS), is affected by these rearrangements. In Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida most of the TTSS genes are encoded in a single locus on a large plasmid called pAsa5, and may be lost when the bacterium is cultivated at a higher temperature (25 °C), producing non-virulent mutants...

This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on disease resistance, immune function and structural integrity in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 grass carp (264.11 ± 0.76 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of protein (143.1, 176.7, 217.2, 257.5, 292.2 and 322.8 g digestible protein kg(-1) diet) for 8 weeks. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results indicated that optimal levels of dietary protein: (1) (1) increased the lysozyme (LA) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and the complement 3 (C3) and C4 contents, up-regulated antimicrobial peptides, anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibitor of κBα, target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P65, IKKβ, IKKγ, eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP) 1 and 4E-BP2 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp (P < 0...

The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dietary Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L. delbrueckii) on immune response, disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), antioxidant capability and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var. 450 fish (mean weight of 1.05 ± 0.03 g) were randomly distributed into five groups that fed diets containing different levels of L. delbrueckii (0, 1 × 10(5), 1 × 10(6), 1 × 10(7) and 1 × 10(8) CFU g(-1)) for 8 weeks. The results showed that intestinal immune parameters such as lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and myeloperoxidase activities, immunoglobulin M content, and the survival rate were improved in fish fed with 1 × 10(6) and 1 × 10(7) CFU g(-1)L...

In the current study, laboratory evaluations were made to assess the immunomodulatory effect of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Results showed that 96-h LC50 of cypermethrin in common carp was estimated at 0.85 μg/L. Fish were exposed for 21 days to cypermethrin at three sub-lethal concentrations of 0.042, 0.085, and 0.17 μg/L that represented 5, 10, and 20%, respectively, of the 96-h LC50 of the pesticide for this fish species. Blood samples were taken after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure...

This study evaluated the effects of Hybanthus enneaspermus aqueous extract (HEE) as a feed supplement on growth, immune responses, haematological, and biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita and its susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Diets containing five variable concentrations of HEE (g kg(-1)) (0 [basal diet], 1.0 [H1], 2.0 [H2], 3.0 [H3], and 4.0 [H4]) were fed to fish (average weight: 17.2 ± 0.21 g) for 6 weeks. Growth parameters, immune parameters, and haemato-biochemical parameters were examined 6 weeks post-feeding...

Bacterial communities in rivers receiving untreated domestic wastewater may show specific spatial assemblage patterns due to a wide range of physicochemical conditions created by periodic algal bloom. However, there are significant gaps in understanding environmental forces that drive changes in microbial assemblages in polluted rivers. In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to perform comprehensive spatio-temporal profiling of bacterial community structure in a local river segment receiving domestic wastewater discharge in southeast China...

The quorum sensing (QS) phenomenon regulates a myriad of pathogenic traits in the biofilm forming fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. Blocking the QS mechanism of A. hydrophila is a novel strategy to prevent disease in fish. This study evaluated the effect of tannic acid, a QS inhibitor, on A. hydrophila-associated QS regulated phenomena. A streaking assay with Chromobacterium violaceum (CVO26) reported the presence of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) in A. hydrophila, which was confirmed by HPLC and GC-MS analysis...

In this study, we report on the bacterial diversity and their functional properties prevalent in tea garden soils of Assam that have low pH (3.8-5.5). Culture-dependent studies and phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed a high abundance of Gram-positive bacteria. Further, 70 acid-tolerant bacterial isolates characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach could be grouped to the genus Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia, and Aeromonas...

The iron-regulated outer membrane protein (OMP) of Aeromonas hydrophila is an effective vaccine candidate, but its intrinsic functional components are largely unknown. In this study, we compared the differentially expressed sarcosine-insoluble fractions of A. hydrophila in iron-limited and normal medium using tandem mass tag labeling-based quantitative proteomics, and identified 91 upregulated proteins including 21 OMPs and 83 downregulated proteins including 10 OMPs. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis showed that iron chelate transport-related proteins were enriched in increasing abundance, whereas oxidoreductase activity and translation-related proteins were significantly enriched in decreasing abundance...

Grape skin and turmeric extracts having the major components resveratrol and curcumin, respectively, were used for the induction of cryptic and bioactive metabolites in an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Syzygium cumini. The increase in total amount of crude compounds in grape skin and turmeric extract treated cultures was 272.48 and 174.32%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Among six human pathogenic bacteria tested, the maximum inhibitory activity was found against Aeromonas hydrophila IMS/GN11 while no inhibitory activity was observed against Enterococcus faecalis IMS/GN7...

X box-binding protein-1 (XBP1) is a transcription factor that is essential for the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the differentiation of plasma cells, and some findings have also uncovered its function in innate immunity. XBP1 typically has two different transcripts, un-spliced (XBP1u) and spliced forms (XBP1s), but XBP1s is an active transcription factor in the regulation of target genes. To date, there is no evidence about the identification and function of XBP1 in common carp. Moreover, no data are currently available regarding the role of fish XBP1 in innate immunity...

INTRODUCTION: Aeromonas spp. are halophilic, Gram-negative bacilli. They are widely distributed in the soil and aquatic environment and have been associated with various extra-intestinal infections, such as skin and soft-tissue infections, meningitis, bacteraemia etc. The most common species associated with extra-intestinal infection is Aeromonas hydrophila. AIM: To get the overview of clinical presentations, underlying predisposing factors associated with the extra-intestinal infections caused by Aeromonas species and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern...

Hepcidin acts as both an antimicrobial peptide and a hormonal regulator of iron homeostasis; however, the biological significance of this dual-function in immune reactions remains elusive. In this study, we provide experimental evidence regarding the coordination of this dual-function in the innate antimicrobial immunity using a zebrafish model. The transcription of hepcidin gene was significantly upregulated in liver by Aeromonas hydrophila (A.h) DNA stimulation, which was accompanied by an increase of hepcidin protein and a decrease of iron concentration in serum...