Running economy

The existing scholarly discourse surrounding the energy transition has long operated on the assumption of perfect displacement of non-renewable energy. However, an evolving set of studies highlights an intricate web of inefficiencies and complexities that prevent the perfect displacement of fossil fuel energy with renewable energy production. Since this could carry serious implications for the environmental targets of several economies, it is crucial to accurately and continuously measure the actual extent of fossil fuel displacement...

In the context of developing economies, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been acknowledged for its potential to stimulate economic growth. However, with the evolving understanding of development encompassing not only economic prosperity but also environmental and social well-being, the impact of FDI on sustainable development has become a subject of increasing importance and complexity. To shed light on this multifaceted relationship, our study empirically investigates the causal link between FDI and sustainable development in a panel of 48 African economies spanning the period from 1990 to 2020...

This study examines the integration of Pakistan's Stock Market with the stock markets of the top ten largest economies in the world-USA, China, Japan, Germany, the UK, India, France, Italy, Brazil, and Canada-from January 2015 to October 2020. To examine long- and short run integration, this study employed Johansen and Juselius co-integration and pair-wise Granger causality tests. In the long run, the results indicated that Pakistan's Stock Market is not integrated with these markets. This implies that the market is more attractive in portfolio diversification for international investors, and vice versa...

BACKGROUND: Running biomechanics is considered an important determinant of running economy (RE). However, studies examining associations between running biomechanics and RE report inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to determine associations between running biomechanics and RE and explore potential causes of inconsistency. METHODS: Three databases were searched and monitored up to April 2023. Observational studies were included if they (i) examined associations between running biomechanics and RE, or (ii) compared running biomechanics between groups differing in RE, or (iii) compared RE between groups differing in running biomechanics during level, constant-speed, and submaximal running in healthy humans (18-65 years)...

In the complex international society, the economic development and defense construction of BRICS countries have attracted increasing attention. This article incorporates technological innovation, militarization, and environmental change into a unified analytical framework to assess the potential impact of technological progress and defense military expenditure on the environment in BRICS countries. Based on CSD tests, unit root tests, and cointegration tests, this study constructs a CS-ARDL model to examine the long-term and short-term relationships among various variables from 1990 to 2021...

DNA-based monitoring of microbial communities that are responsible for the performance of anaerobic digestion of sewage wastes has the potential to improve resource recoveries for wastewater treatment facilities. By treating sludge with propidium monoazide (PMA) prior to amplicon sequencing, this study explored how the presence of DNA from dead microbial biomass carried over with feed sludge may mislead process-relevant biomarkers, and whether primer choice impacts such assessments. Four common primers were selected for amplicon preparation, also to determine if universal primers have sufficient taxonomic or functional coverage for monitoring ecological performance; or whether two domain-specific primers for Bacteria and Archaea are necessary...

BACKGROUND: The maximal running speed (VMAX ) determined on a graded treadmill test is well-recognized as a running performance predictor. However, few studies have assessed the variables that predict VMAX in recreationally active runners. METHODS: We used a mathematical procedure combining Fick's law and metabolic cost analysis to verify the relation between (1) VMAX versus anthropometric and physiological determinants of running performance and, (2) theoretical metabolic cost versus running biomechanical parameters...

The excess of activated sludge generated in municipal wastewater treatment plants constitutes one of the challenging problems facing modern society. The high-water content of this waste makes difficult the transport, disposal, and management of these solids. In this work, activated sludge excess from a secondary clarifier has been dehydrated by means of a combination of temperature and hydrogen peroxide treatment. Three main operating variables have been considered to affect sludge dewaterability and filterability...

This research examines the long-term drivers of suicides in Turkey, focusing on the effects of uncertainty and the Misery Index. In this regard, this study utilizes yearly data covering the 1980-2019 period. Additionally, it employs the augmented autoregressive distributed lag ( AARDL ) approach to confirm the cointegrating relationships in the proposed models and estimate the long-term effects of selected determinants on suicides. The empirical analysis produced the following long-run findings: First, cointegration exists between suicide and its determinants in Turkey...

In the quest to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for the performance-enhancing benefits imparted by advanced footwear technology (AFT), footwear researchers are employing an individual-level approach. In doing so, they hope to unveil individual-specific responses to AFT otherwise masked by a group-level approach. Classifying an individual's response on the basis of running economy (RE) is a logical strategy given that the intended purpose of AFT is to enhance performance; however, caution should be taken when doing so...

Energy-efficient wastewater treatment units are imperative to achieve carbon neutrality and a circular economy at the industrial scale. In the present study, pyrochar loading and digestion temperature were tested to assess their impact on the performance of an anaerobic digester running on distillery wastewater. The digestion temperature (37 °C and 55 °C) and pyrochar loading (7.5 - 30 g/L.feed) were selected as two primary design factors. Experiments were designed using Taguchi's design of experiments and specific methane yield, total ammonia nitrogen, pH and buffering capacity were selected as experimental outputs for multi-criteria assessment...

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, financial openness, and environmental degradation in selected ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) from 1996 to 2018. We aim to analyze how macroeconomic situation, energy-related factors, and financial determinants contribute to environmental deprivation in selected countries whose growth has recently been substantial...

Air pollution is a danger to economies throughout the European Union. Industry, population expansion, a building boom owing to housing and infrastructure development, increasing vehicle traffic, crowded streets, a lack of availability of clean fuel, and ineffective control programs are the primary causes. Toxic air is a double-edged sword for a country's health since it affects just a tiny fraction of Europe's population. The financial burden and healthcare expenses for people rise when health expenditures rise...

This paper investigates the effects in short and long run of renewable and non-renewable energy, technological advancement, population, foreign direct investment, energy export, energy price, and carbon dioxide emissions on economic growth in Saudi Arabia as one of the largest oil producing and richest countries in the world and as a leading country in investing in modern technology, during 1990-2022 by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) approach and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Granger causality technique...

Financial deepening is important in resource allocation for more productive enterprises, leading to sustainable green growth. Moreover, rapid development in the digital economy and export diversification significantly affect green growth. From this perspective, our study explores the impact of financial deepening, ICT development, and export diversification on green growth in China's economies from 1996 to 2021. The study explores the linkage between financial deepening, ICT development, export diversification, and green growth by employing the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach...

BACKGROUND: Foot orthoses (FOs) are often prescribed by clinicians to treat foot and ankle conditions, prevent running injuries, and enhance performance. However, the lack of higher-order synthesis of clinical trials makes it challenging for clinicians to adopt an evidence-based approach to FOs' prescriptions. RESEARCH QUESTION: Do FOs with different modifications alter lower extremity running kinematics and kinetics? METHODS: A systematic search of seven databases was conducted from inception to February 2023...

The dataset contains information obtained during the analysis and evaluation of the contents of 100 Terms of Service (ToS) of online platforms from the point of view of the European Union consumer law. Each ToS has been assigned information regarding the presence and quality of remedy clauses, dispute resolution clauses, unilateral alteration clauses, rights to police the behavior of users, and regulatory requirements. In addition, descriptions of service features and parties' rights and duties have been pulled out...

Women have a disadvantage for performance in long-distance running compared to men. To elaborate on inherent characteristics, 12 sub-elite women were matched with 12 men for training volume (M-Tm) (56.6 ±18 vs 55.7 ±17 km/wk). The women were also matched to other men for a 10km staged outdoor time trial(M-Pm) (42:36 min:s) to determine which factors could explain equal running performance. Anthropometry and treadmill tests were done. Fiber type (% Type I and Type IIA)), and citrate synthase activities were analyzed in muscle biopsy samples...

Growing concerns regarding climate change and the necessity to shift towards a low-carbon economy have resulted in a significant rise in the worth of green finance for developing energy technology. This growing emphasis on green finance underscores the urgency for a nuanced exploration of the asymmetric nexus between green investment and energy innovation in Europe. The present article investigates the asymmetric relationship between green investment and energy innovation in the top ten European nations with the highest green investment (France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Austria, Finland, the UK, and Sweden)...

PURPOSE: We set out to understand how underband tightness or pressure of a sports bra relates to respiratory function and the mechanical work of breathing ( during exercise. Our secondary purpose was to quantify the effects of underband pressure on O2 during submaximal running. METHODS: Nine highly trained, female runners with normal pulmonary function completed maximal and submaximal running in three levels of underband restriction: loose, self-selected, and tight...