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BACKGROUND.: Aeration heterogeneity affects lung stress and influences outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesize that aeration heterogeneity may differ between neonatal respiratory disorders and is associated with oxygenation, so its evaluation may be relevant in managing respiratory support. METHODS.: Observational, prospective study. Neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea (TTN), evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neonatal ARDS (NARDS) were enrolled...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a progressive status of acute lung injury (ALI), is primarily caused by an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder, which can be an acute pulmonary complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a chronic inflammatory disease regulated by the immune system, RA is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of respiratory diseases. However, it remains elusive whether there are shared genes between the molecular mechanisms underlying RA and ARDS. The objective of this study is to identify potential shared genes for further clinical drug discovery through integrated analysis of bulk RNA sequencing datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, employing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)...

BACKGROUND: The continuous exposure of blood to a non-biological surface during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may lead to progressive thrombus formation in the oxygenator, hemolysis and consequently impaired gas exchange. In most centers oxygenator performance is monitored only on a once daily basis. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is generated upon red cell lysis and is routinely measured with any co-oximetry performed to surveille gas exchange and acid-base homeostasis every couple of hours...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review what is currently known about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute rejection (AR) in lung transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS: Epigenomic and transcriptomic methods are gaining traction as tools for earlier detection of AR, which still remains primarily a histopathologic diagnosis. SUMMARY: Acute rejection is a common cause of early posttransplant lung graft dysfunction and increases the risk of chronic rejection...

AIM: To evaluate whether establishing an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) specialist team, termed the Yokohama Advanced Cardiopulmonary Help Team (YACHT), affected the outcomes and centralization of patients requiring ECMO in Yokohama-Yokosuka regions. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included patients aged ≥18 years and treated with venovenous-ECMO for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from 2014 to 2023. The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic and the infection of numerous individuals from diverse societies have emerged as major global challenges. Given the limited resources in intensive care units, effective bed management and resource allocation require a deep understanding of the disease. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit in an Iranian hospital in Neyshabur city. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care units in Razavi Khorasan, Iran in 2021...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pneumonia with an unusual outbreak is considered a new, global public health threat. Microbiological characterization of co-infections in patients with COVID-19 is important, and antimicrobial use is high. We aimed to describe microbiologically confirmed co-infections and the antimicrobial resistance of the causative pathogens. METHOD: From January to December 2020, we tested 1,301 patients who were COVID-19 positive. We received clinical samples (blood, respiratory and sterile body fluids) of COVID-19 patients who were suspected to have bacterial co-infections...

Autopsy investigations of deaths following nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have enormous medical and social significance, as autopsies are essential for the correct statistical recording of COVID-19 deaths, presenting new lessons, which is important to policymakers and in the improvement of public health in general.  Our study is based on the presentation of a case of a road traffic accident involving an elderly 73-year-old female with a complication of nosocomial COVID-19 infection and death leading to forensic pathological investigation...

BACKGROUND: In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory drive often differs among patients with similar clinical characteristics. Readily observable factors like acid-base state, oxygenation, mechanics, and sedation depth do not fully explain drive heterogeneity. This study evaluated the relationship of systemic inflammation and vascular permeability markers with respiratory drive and clinical outcomes in ARDS. METHODS: ARDS patients enrolled in the multicenter EPVent-2 trial with requisite data and plasma biomarkers were included...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS have emerged as critical health concerns, drawing considerable attention from clinicians. The volume of published articles on ALI/ARDS is on the rise, indicating the expanding research interest in this field. However, the precise quantity and quality of studies on ALI/ARDS remain unclear. Consequently, we employed bibliometric and visual techniques to comprehensively analyze the patterns and focal points of these articles. METHODS: To investigate the characteristics of highly referenced papers on ALI/ARDS and offer insights into the progress and advancements in research on ALI/ARDS, we conducted a comprehensive search in the core Web of Science database for cited articles using the terms "ALI," "acute lung injury," "ARDS," or "acute respiratory distress syndrome...

INTRODUCTION: AA amyloidosis (AA) can be the consequence of any chronic inflammatory disease. AA is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases (cid+AA), autoinflammatory syndromes (auto+AA) or AA of unknown origin or idiopathic AA (idio+AA). The major organ manifestation is renal AA that can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and multiple organ failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a monocentric retrospective analysis of the renal outcome and survival of patients with cid+AA (n=34), auto+AA (n=24) and idio+AA (n=25) who were treated with cytokine-inhibiting biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs)...

OBJECTIVES: Patients with chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature/proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (CANDLE/PRAAS) respond to the janus kinase inhibitor 1/2 inhibition with baricitinib at exposures higher than in rheumatoid arthritis. Baricitinib dose reductions to minimise exposure triggered disease flares which we used to develop 'flare criteria'. METHODS: Of 10 patients with CANDLE/PRAAS treated with baricitinib in an open-label expanded-access programme, baricitinib doses were reduced 14 times in 9 patients between April 2014 and December 2019...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung tissue oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration, with limited therapeutic interventions available. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a critical regulator of cell death and inflammation implicated in many diseases, is not fully understood in the context of ARDS. In this study, we employed RIP1 kinase-inactivated (Rip1K45A/K45A ) mice and two distinct RIPK1 inhibitors to investigate the contributions of RIP1 kinase activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS pathology...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The impact of mechanical ventilation on the survival of patients supported with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains still a focus of research. METHODS: Recent guidelines, randomized trials, and registry data underscore the importance of lung-protective ventilation during respiratory and cardiac support on ECMO. RESULTS: This approach includes decreasing mechanical power delivery by reducing tidal volume and driving pressure as much as possible, using low or very low respiratory rate, and a personalized approach to positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting...

The severe respiratory effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have necessitated the immediate development of novel treatments. The majority of COVID-19-related fatalities are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Consequently, this virus causes massive and aberrant inflammatory conditions, which must be promptly managed. Severe respiratory disorders, notably ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI), may be treated safely and effectively using cell-based treatments, mostly employing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)...

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cutting-edge life-support measure for patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary illnesses. Although there are several systematic reviews (SRs) about ECMO, it remains to be seen how quality they are and how efficacy and safe the information about ECMO they describe is in these SRs. Therefore, performing an overview of available SRs concerning ECMO is crucial. METHODS: We searched four electronic databases from inception to January 2023 to identify SRs with or without meta-analyses...

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is responsible for 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. Few improvements have been made despite five decades of research, partially because ARDS is a highly heterogeneous syndrome including various types of aetiologies. Lower airway microbiota is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases and recent data suggest that it could also play a role in ARDS. Nevertheless, whether the lower airway microbiota composition varies between the aetiologies of ARDS remain unknown...

BACKGROUND: Rapidly improving acute respiratory distress syndrome (RIARDS) is an increasingly appreciated subgroup of ARDS in which hypoxemia improves within 24 h after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Detailed clinical and biological features of RIARDS have not been clearly defined, and it is unknown whether RIARDS is associated with the hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory phenotype of ARDS. The purpose of this study was to define the clinical and biological features of RIARDS and its association with inflammatory subphenotypes...